Toxicology

Stability Unstable in solution (DMSO or Methanol)
Applications Moxalactam Sodium is an oxacephem antibiotic. Moxalactam Sodium is more effective against Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa than cephalosporins.
References Yamamoto, K. et al.: Chemotherapy, 28, 1158 (1980); Toyonaga, Y. et al.: Jap. J. Antibiot., 34, 764 (1981); Nishimura, T. et al.: Jap. J. Antibiot., 34, 800 (1981):

Applications (9Z)-Erythromycin A Oxime is a metabolite of Roxithromycin (R700850) in humans.
References Zhong, D. et al.: Drug Metab. Dispos., 28, 552 (2000)

Applications 6,7,8-Trifluoro-4-oxo-1-(1-oxopropan-2-yl)-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic Acid Ethyl Ester is an intermediate in the synthesis of Marbofloxacin (M197000), a fluorinated quinolone antibacterial agent.
References Gruet, P., et al.: Vet. Rec., 140, 199 (1977), Lefebvre, H.P., et al.: J. Vet. Pharmacol. Ther., 21, 453 (1998),

Applications 3-tert-Butyldimethylsilyloxyoleyl Carnitine 4-Methoxybenzyl Ester is an analog of Carnitine (C184110), an essential cofactor for the metabolism of fatty acids.

Applications ((2R,4S)-2-(Chloromethyl)-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl)methyl 4-Methylbenzenesulfonate is an intermediate in the synthesis of Itraconazole (I937500), an orally active antimycotic structurally related to Ketoconazole. Antifungal.
References Heykants, J., et al.: Mycoses, 32, Suppl 1, 67 (1989), Sugar, A.M.,et al.: Curr. Clin. Top. Infect. Dis., 13, 74 (1993)

Applications Intermediate in the preparation of Simvastatin (S485000) analogs.

Applications Tolbutamide derivative.
References Relling, et al.: J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 252, 442 (1990), Parent, et al.: J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 261, 780 (1992), Ho, et al.: Life Sci., 52, 21 (1993),

Applications (1S,2R,6R)-6-Acetoxy-2-(bis(4-methoxyphenyl)(phenyl)methoxy)-4-(ethoxycarbonyl)cyclohex-3-en-1-yl Benzoate is an intermediate in the synthesis of Shikimate-3-phosphate (S357026), an substrate for 5-Enolpyruvoyl-shikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS), the target for the board-spectrum herbicide N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine(glyphosate).

Applications A labelled metabolite of Dapsone (D193250).A representative lot is 73% d8, 23% d7 and 3% d6 with no d0.
References Shin, I., et al.: J. App. Pharmacol., 10, 193 (2002), Bhaiya, P., et al.: Toxicol. App. Pharmacol., 215, 158 (2006), Paixao, P., et al.: Eur. J. Pharm. Sci., 36, 544 (2009),

Applications N-[(4-Nitrophenoxy)phenoxyphosphinyl]-L-alanine 1-Methylethyl Ester Mixture is an intermediate in the synthesis of Sofosbuvir (R)-Phosphate (S675615), which is an impurity of PSI-7977 (P839640), a prodrug that is metabolized to the active antiviral agent 2'-deoxy-2'-α-fluoro-β-C-methyluridine-5'-monophosphate and is currently being investigated in phase 3 clinical trials for the treatment of hepatitis C. Studies have profiled PSI-7977 as a nucleotide inhibitor of hepatitis C virus, exerting selective inhibitory effects towards HCV NS5B polymerase.
References Lam, A.M.,et al.: Antimicrob. Agents. Chemotherapy., 56, 3359 (2012); Lam, A.M., et al.: J. Virol., 85, 12334 (2011); Sofia, M.J., et al.: J. Medn. Chem., 53, 7202 (2010)

Impurity Fusidic Acid EP Impurity O
Applications 16-Deacetyl Fusidic Acid Sodium Salt (Fusidic Acid EP Impurity O) is an impurity of Fusidic acid.
References Godtfredsen, W.O., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother.,132, 1965 (1961),

Applications (T-4)-Triphenyl(P,P,P-triphenylphosphine imidato-κN)-phosphorus Diphosphate is an intermediate used in the synthesis of Ganciclovir Triphosphate Triethylamine Salt (G235030), which is an inhibitor of hepatitis B virus DNA polymerase and has shown potent antiviral activity against herpes viruses and hepadnaviruses.
References Rubsam, L.Z., et al.: Cancer. Res., 59, 669 (1999); Shaw, T., et al.: Hepatol., 24, 996 (1996);

Applications Protected Estradiol.
References Lokind, K., et al.: Int. J. Pharm., 127, 155 (1996), Bubert, C., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 50, 4431 (2007), Prokai-Tatrai, K., et al.: Steroids, 73, 280 (2008),

Applications Acetophenone-13C8 is an intermediate in synthesizing Mandelic Acid-13C8 (M162523). It is a C13 labelled Mandelic Acid which is used as an antiseptic (urinary). It is also used as a short-term exposure biomarker in urine from styrene exposed workers.
References Pessela, B., et al.: Enzyme Microb. Technol., 40, 310 (2007); Carrasco-Lopez, C., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 284, 4365 (2009); Fustinoni, S., et al.: Toxicol. Lett., 192, 40 (2010)

Applications 2-Amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine N-β-D-Glucuronide Triacetate is an intermediate in the synthesis of 2-Amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine N-β-D-Glucuronide Sodium Salt which is a carcinogenic Sodium Salt, is a metabolite of 2-Amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP) (A617000).
References Turesky, R., et al.: Mutat. Res., 506 187 (2002), Sugimura, T., et al.: Cancer Sci., 95, 290 (2004),

Applications Isotope labelled 4-(Benzyloxy)-3-methoxy-benzyl Alcohol is an intermediate in the synthesis of gemifloxacin (G336000),an third generation fluorinated quinolone antibacterial.
References Feng, L.S., et al.: European. J. Med. Chem., 55, 125 (2012);

Applications Intermediate in the preparation of antifungal agents.
References Saksena, A., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 4, 2023 (1994),

Applications (1S,2R,6R)-6-Acetoxy-2-((bis(benzyloxy)phosphoryl)oxy)-4-(ethoxycarbonyl)cyclohex-3-en-1-yl benzoate is an intermediate in the synthesis of Shikimate-3-phosphate (S357026), an substrate for 5-Enolpyruvoyl-shikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS), the target for the board-spectrum herbicide N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine(glyphosate).
References Mooney, C.A., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 57, 3154 (2014);

Applications (1-Ethoxycarbonylethyl)triphenylphosphonium Bromide is a reagent that is used in the preparation abd Hepatitis C virus polymerase NS5B inhibitory of cyclohexylpyrazolylmethylacrylic acid.
References Martin S. W., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 21, 2869 (2011);

Applications 3-Benzyloxy-2-(2-hydroxy-2-phenylethyl)-4H-pyran-4-one is an intermediate in the synthesis of Dolutegravir (D528800), a second generation HIV-1 integrase strand transfer inhibitor.

Applications Texas Red 2’-Propargyl Sulfonamide 4’-Sulfate is an intermediate in the synthesis of Texas Red-5-dUTP (T320100), a fluorescence-labelled nucleotide analog. Texas Red-5-dUTP is used diagnostically for detection of rearranged SS18 in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded synovial sarcoma.

Applications (S)-(-)-2-Amino-3-benzyloxy-1-propanol is used as a reagent to synthesize 15-membered macrolide antibiotics. It is also used as a reagent to synthesize oxathiazinane dioxides, compounds that exhibit antiangiogenic properties.
References Borcard, F., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 20, 5353 (2010); Sugimoto, T., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem., 20, 5787 (2012)

Applications Impurity of Paclitaxel analog.

Applications 4-O-Benzyl 3-Hydroxybenzyl-stearoylcarnitine is an intermediate in the synthesis of 3-Hydroxystearoylcarnitine Hydrochloride (H953630), which is found in overweight patients.
References Rodriguez-Gutierrez, R., et. al.: J. Int. Society Sports Nutrition, 9, 22, (2012)

Applications 2-Chlorobenzhydrol is used as a reagent in the synthesis of bifonazole analogs which have antibacterial and antifungal activities. 2-Chlorobenzhydrol is also a reagent in the preparation of cinnamyl piperazine derivatives which have anticonvulsant activity.
Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package
References El Hage, S., et al.: Arch. Pharm., 344, 402 (2011); Hu, C., et al.: Lett. Drug Des. Discov., 7, 661 (2010)

Applications O-3,6-Di-Benzyl Ganciclovir is a byproduct in the synthesis of Valganciclovir N3,N3'-Methylene Dimer (>90%) (V092015), which is an impurity of Valganciclovir (V092000), a pro-drug of Ganciclovir (G235000) . Used in treatment of retro-virus.
References Acosta, E., et al.: Clin. Pharmacol. Ther., 81, 867 (2007), Nassetta, L., et al.: J. Antimicrob. Chemother., 63, 862 (2009),

Applications 2,3,7,8-Tetrachloro-[1,4]dioxino[2,3-b:5,6-b']dipyridine is used in analytical studies for the presence and formation of dioxin-like compounds in heat-treated chlorpyrifos herbicide, a potential precursor of pyridine analog of 2,3,7,8-Tetrachloro-p-dioxin (T291370).
Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package
References Sakiyaama, T., et al.: Organohalogen Compounds, 73, 146 (2011);

Applications Ticlopidine-d6 Hydrochloride is the labeled analogue of Ticlopidine (T438325), an antithrombotic, and a platelet aggregation inhibitor.
References Leblonde, G., et al.: Biochem. Pharmacol., 27, 2099 (1978), O’Brien, J.R., et al: Thromb. Res., 13, 245 (1978), Katsumura, T., et al.: Angiology, 33, 357 (1982),

Applications A labelled, protected Cortisol metabolite.
References Derks, H., et al.: Steroids, 31, 9 (1978),

Applications A nitropyridinol derivative as herbicides.
Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package
References Buncel, E., et al.: Bioorg. Chem., 11, 43 (1982), Delarge, J., et al.: Eur. J. Med. Chem., 19, 559 (1984),

Applications 10-O-Acetyl SN-38-d3 is the isotope labelled protected metabolite of Irinotecan (I767500), an DNA topoisomerase inhibitor.
References Kunimoto, T., et al.: Cancer Res., 47, 5944 (1987), Shimada, Y., et al.: J. Clin. Oncol., 11, 909 (1993)

Applications A protected metabolite of Estradiol (E888000).

Applications Protected 17β-Estradiol.

Applications 17β-Estradiol (E888000) metabolite. An inhibitor of androstenedione aromatization, which is responsible for the conversion of androgens to estrogens. Agonistic ligands for the estrogen receptor in MCF-7 breast cancer cells.
References Numazawa, M. et al.: J. Steroid. Biochem. Mol. Biol., 96, 51 (2005); Vollmer, G. et al.: J. Seroid. Biochem. Mol. Biol., 39, 359 (1991); Brueggemeier, R. et al.: J. Steroid. Biochem., 21, 709 (1984)

Applications A labelled intermediate in the preparation of labelled HIV-integrase inhibitors

Applications Isomer of (3R)-3-Hydroxy Quinine

Applications Acifluorfen is an herbicide against broadleaf weeds. An environmental toxin relating to in vivo toxicity of nitroaromatics.Environmental toxin on US EPA Toxic Release Inventory list (TRI) list.
Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package
References Gooch, A. et al.: Env. Toxicol. Chem., 36, 2227 (2017);

Applications 3-tert-Butyldimethylsilyloxyoleyl O-(Methoxymethoxy)carnitine Ester Chloride Salt is an analog of Carnitine (C184110), an essential cofactor for the metabolism of fatty acids.

Applications 4,4,4-Trimethoxybutanoic Acid Methyl Ester is an substituent in the synthesis of Methyl Prednisolone (M325934).
References Ueno, H., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 34, 2468 (1991);

Applications 12α-Deoxycholic Acid Methyl Ester 3α-Benzoate is an intermediate in the synthesis of 3α,12α-Dihydroxy-5β-chol-9(11)-enic Acid which is used in the analysis and in the structure determination of unsaturated 5β-cholanoic acids.
References Kuksis, A., et al.: Lipids, 15, 770 (1980)

Applications (3β,5α,22E)-3-[[(1,1-Dimethylethyl)diphenylsilyl]oxy] Ergosta-7,22-diene is an intermedate in the synthesis of Episterol which is a compound influencing ergosterol biosynthesis, and thus acting as an antifungal agent.
References Mallory, J. et al.: Pharmacol., 3, 179 (2012); Mueller, C. et al.: Steroids, 78, 483 (2013);

Applications N,N-Dimethylformamide Di-tert-butyl Acetal is used as a reagent in the synthesis of fused bicyclic ethers which act as herbicides on broad-leaved weeds. It is also used as a reagent in the preparation and biological evaluation of cystobactamide 507 which is bacterial topoisomerase inhibitor.
Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package
References Schaetzer, J., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 24, 4643 (2014); Casalini, F., et al.: Moreno, M., et al.: Synlett, 26, 1175 (2015)

Applications Usnic Acid Sodium acts as an antibacterial and antifungal agent, and are often seen used in cosmetics and facial application chemicals.
References Ferrarese, L. et al.: Cosm. Tech. et al.: 11, 25 (2008); Coiffard, C. et al.: Annal. Pharm. Dranc., 57, 392 (1999);

Applications 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid Methyl Ester is a biogenic amine metabolite. 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid Methyl Ester is used in the preparation of antioxidants and bacteriostatic agents. It is used in the synthesis of noncompetitive AMPA receptor antagonists as benzodiazepines, as well as optically active quinolones with dopaminergic properties.
References Verhe, R. et al.: Bull. Lais. Gr. Polyphen., 16, 237 (1992); Anggard, E. et al.: J. Chrom., 50, 251 (1970); Cabedo, N. et al.: J. Med. Chem., 44, 1794 (2001); Zappala, M. et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 16, 167 (2006);

Applications 2,4,6-Trifluorobenzonitrile-15N is an intermediate in the synthesis of Bictegravir-15N, d2 (B382096), which is the labeled version of Bictegravir, which is a novel, potent inhibitor of HIV-1 integrase with an IC50 of 7.5 nM.
References Tsiang M. et al.: Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2016 Nov 21;60(12):7086-7097;

Applications A labelled fluorinated quinolone antibacterial. An enantiomer of Levofloxacin (L360000).
References Hwangbo, H.J. et al.: Eur. J. Pharmac. Sci., 18, 197 (203); Gascon, A.R. et al.: J. Clin. Pharmacol, 40, 869 (2000); Monk, J.P., et al.: Drugs, 33, 346 (1987); Drlica, K., Curr. Opin. Microbiol. 2, 504 (1990);

Applications 1-[2-(2,4-Difluorophenyl)-2,3-epoxypropyl]-1H-1,2,4-triazole is an epoxy impurity of the antifungal agent Fluconazole (F421000).
References Bourichi, H. et al.: STP Pharm. Prat., 18, 285 (2008); Dongre, V.G. et al.: J. Pharmac. Biomed. Anal., 42, 334 (2006)

Applications Trimazosin is useful in therapy as potent antihypertensive agents.
References Andrews, C., et al.: Pharm. Res., 17, 639 (2000), Davis, A., et al.: Curr. Opin. Chem. Biol., 8, 378 (2004), Votano, J., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 49, 7169 (2006),

Applications 1,1'-Oxybis[2-chloro-ethane] is a carcinogen. It is an intermediate used to prepare 2,2'-[Oxybis(2,1-ethanediylimino)]bis-ethanol which is patented as one of the antibacterial oral compositions in mouthwash.
Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package
References Norpoth, K., et al.: J. Cancer Res. Clin. Oncol., 112, 125 (1986); Weisburger, E., et al.: J. Nat. Cancer. Inst., 67, 75 (1981); Gaffar, A., et al.: U.S. (1980), US 4224309 A 19800923.

Applications (9Z,12E)-Tetradecadien-1-yl Acetate is a sex pheromone component of Noctuidae in Antilles.
References Renou, M., et al.: Colloques - Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, 46, 21 (1988); Teal, P. E. A., et al.: J. Chem. Ecol., 11, 717 (1985); Tamaki, J., et al.: Dokl. Soobshch. - Mezhdunar. Kongr. Zashch., 5, 132 (1975)

Applications Used in the preparation of triazole antifungal agents.

Stability Hygroscopic
Applications Dihydroxyacetone Phosphate Lithium Salt, is a metabolic intermediate involved in involved in a wide variety of metabolic pathways including glycolysis and lipid biosynthesis. In plants, Dihydroxyacetone phosphate is involved with the synthesis of vitamin B6.
References Jun Ogawa et. al.: et al.: Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry, 67(4), undefined (2003-6-6); John P Richard, Biochemistry, 51(13), undefined (2012-3-14);

Applications: Lysergic acid and iso-lysergic acid are the main cleavage products formed on alkaline hydrolysis of the alkaloids which are characteristic of ergot. Potent hallucinogen; non-selective serotonin receptor agonist.Controlled substance.
References Keller, U., et al.: Biochemistry, 27, 6164 (1988), Mey, G., et al.: Mol. Microbiol., 46, 305 (2002), Steiner, U., et al.: Planta, 224, 533 (2006),

Applications Fluazifop-methyl is an intermediate in the synthesis of (±)-Fluazifop (F407430). (±)-Fluazifop is a grass-selective herbicide which inhibits acetyl-CoA carboxylase in sensitive plant species.
Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package
References Walker, K.A., et. al.: Biochem. J., 254, 307 (1988); Hajslova, J., et. al.: J. Chrom., 438, 55 (1988)

Applications (2R,4S)-2-[(2S,5S)-5-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-3,6-dioxo-2-piperazinyl]-5,5-dimethyl-4-thiazolidinecarboxylic Acid is an impurity in the synthesis of N-(Penicillan-6-yl) Open Ring Amoxicillinamide Disodium Salt , whch is an impurity of Amoxicillin (A634235); a semi-synthetic antibiotic related to Penicillin (P233500). Antibacterial.
References Brogden, R.N., et al.: Drugs, 18, 169 (1979); Bird, A.E., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs. Excip., 23, 1 (1994)

Applications 20β-Dihydrocortisol 21-Acetate is an intermediate in the synthesis of 20β-Dihydrocortisol (D448740), which could be used as a potential non invasive diagnostic test of transmissible spongiform encephalopaties. 20β-Dihydrocortisol is a metabolite of Cortisol (H714615), a steroid hormone, more specifically a glucocorticoid, produced by the zona fasciculata of the adrenal gland. Cortisol is released in response to stress and a low level of blood glucocorticoids. Its primary functions are to increase blood sugar through gluconeogenesis; suppress the immune system; and aid in fat, protein and carbohydrate metabolism.
References Schelcher, F., et. al.: Endocrinology, 140, 2422 (1999); Phillipov, G., et. al.: J. Clin. Endocr. Metab., 81, 3855 (1996); Vigore, L., et al.: Cancer Ther., 6, 699 (2008); Puurunen, J., et al.: J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 94, 1973 (2009); Lemos, D., et al.: J. Endocrinol., 201, 275 (2009); Chen, S., et al.: Am. J. Physiol., 296 (2009)

Applications 1-Cyclopropyl-8-ethoxy-6,7-difluoro-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-3-quinolinecarboxylic Acid Ethyl Ester is used in the preparation of alkoxyquinolone antibacterial agents. Also an impurity in the synthesis of Moxifloxacin (M745000), a fluorinated quinolone antibacterial.
References Sanchez, J. et al.: J. Med. Chem., 38, 4478 (1995); Woodcock, J.M., et al.: Antimicrob. Ag. Chemother., 41, 101 (1997), Stass, H., et al.: Antimicrob. Ag. Chemother., 42, 2060 (1998)

Applications An intermediate in the synthesis of Amprenavir, a selective HIV protease inhibitor.

Applications 3,5-Di(tert-butyldimethylsilyl) Rosuvastatin Acyl-β-D-glucuronide Allyl Ester is a compound useful in organic synthesis.

Applications 2-(2-Formamido-4-thiazolyl)glyoxylic Acid is used as a reagent in the synthesis of cephalosporins which are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics which are active against gram-positive and potentially against gram-negative bacteria.
References Takasugi, H., et al.: J. Antibiot., 36, 846 (1983); Choi, K., et al.: J. Antibiot., 48, 1375 (1995);

Applications (3aα,4β,7aα)-4-(Acetyloxy)-3a,4,7,7a-tetrahydro-1H-isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione is an intermediate in the synthesis of (3aα,4β,7aα)-3a,4,7,7a-Tetrahydro-4-hydroxy-1H-isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione (T293630), which is a metabolite of Captan (C175725), a fungicide, often added to pesticide mixtures used to control diseases among fruits, vegetables.
References Kukla, D. et al.: J. Agri. Food Chem., 43, 1224 (1995); Afful, S., et al.: Res. J. App. Sci., Eng. Technol., 2, 592 (2010), Engelen, K., et al.: J. Prot. Res., 9, 4919 (2010), Lagunas-Allue, L., et al.: Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 398, 1509 (2010),

Applications Intermediate in the preparation of ribose sugar derivatives.

Applications An intermediate for the synthesis of Atazanavir and the preparation of some peptide analogs.
References Martin, J., et al.: Prog. Med. Chem., 32, 239 (1995), Bold, G., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 41, 3387 (1998).

Applications FR 179642 is an impurity of Micafungin (M342350), a lipopeptide compound that acts as an antifungal agent with activity against Aspergillus and Candida species.
References Denning, D., et al.: J. Infection, 53, 337 (2006); Queiroz-Telles, F., et al.: Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J., 27, 820 (2008)