Toxicology

<p>Applications (1S,4R)-4-Amino-2-cyclopentene-1-methanol (-)-Dibenzoyl-L-tartaric Acid is an intermediate in synthesizing ent-Abacavir (Abacavir EP Impurity A) (A105015), an enatiomer of Abacavir (A105000). Abacavir is a carbocyclic 2'-deoxyguanosine nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor and an anti-HIV drug used to treat HIV infection (1). Intracellular enzymes convert Abacavir to its active form, carbovir-triphosphate (CBV-TP), which then selectively inhibits HIV reverse transcriptase by incorporating into viral DNA (2). Abacavir is metabolized in the liver by uridine diphosphate glucuronyltransferase and alcohol dehydrogenase resulting in inactive glucuronide and carboxylate metabolites, respectively.<br></p>

<p>Applications Isomer of (3R)-3-Hydroxy Quinine<br></p>

<p>Stability Moisture Sensitive<br>Applications An unknown impurity from the synthesis of Telmisartan (T017000).<br>References Wienen, W., et al.: Brit. J. Pharmacol., 110, 245 (1993), Neutel, J.M., and Smith, D.H.G.: Adv. Ther., 15, 206 (1998);<br></p>

<p>Applications 4-Amino-6-[(1,1-dimethylethyl)amino]-1,3,5-triazin-2(1H)-one is a fungicide derivative of Terbuthylazine (T110500), a triazine herbicide.<br>References Schenck, F., et al.: Bull Environ. Contam. Toxicol., 73, 24 (2004); Coscolla, C. et al.: Atmos. Env., 95, 29 (2014);<br></p>

<p>Applications 1-(2,5-Dichlorophenyl)ethanone-d3 is an intermediate in the synthesis of Isotope labelled Triclosan which is used as bactericide and preservative for cosmetic and detergent compositions (1). Broadly used as an antiseptic and disinfectant (2). This compound is a contaminant of emerging concern (CECs). Drinking water contaminant candidate list 3 (CCL 3) compound as per United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Environmental contaminants; Food contaminants.<br></p>

<p>Applications 1-[2-(2,4-Difluorophenyl)-2,3-epoxypropyl]-1H-1,2,4-triazole is an epoxy impurity of the antifungal agent Fluconazole (F421000).<br>References Bourichi, H. et al.: STP Pharm. Prat., 18, 285 (2008); Dongre, V.G. et al.: J. Pharmac. Biomed. Anal., 42, 334 (2006)<br></p>

<p>Applications An intermediate in the preparation of HIV-integrase inhibitors<br>References Summa, V., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 51, 5843 (2008),<br></p>

<p>Applications (4S-cis)-4-(O-TBDMS-1-methylethyl)-2,2,5-trimethyl-1,3-dioxolane-4-carboxylic Acid is an intermediate in the synthesis of (+)-Echimidine N-Oxide, which is a hepatotoxic pyrrolizidine alkaloid. Different extracts and echimidine-N-oxide from Symphytum sylvaticum Boiss. Subsp. sepulcrale, has been shown to have Antifungal activity.<br>References Kartal, M., et al.: Turkish, J. Med. Sci., 31, 487 (2001); Cao, Y., J. Food Comp. Anal., 29, 106 (2013);<br></p>

<p>Applications Octahydro-6-(phenylmethyl)-1H-Pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridine-d4 is an isotope labelled intermediate in the synthesis of moxifoxacin (M745000), a fluorinated quinolone antibacterial.<br>References Somisetti, N. et al.: Org. Chem. Indian J., 7, 123 (2011);<br></p>

<p>Applications (5R)-5-Hydroxy-3-oxo-6-(benzyloxy)-hexanoic Acid tert-Butyl Ester is used in the preparation of antifungal macrolide antibiotic (+)-Roxaticin, Phorboxazole B and Bryostatin 2.<br>References Evans, D. et al.: J. Am. Chem. Soc., 125, 10899 (2003); Evans, D. et al.: J. Am. Chem. Soc., 122, 10033 (2000); Evans, D. et al.: J. Am. Chem. Soc., 121, 7540 (1999)<br></p>

<p>Applications FR 179642 is an impurity of Micafungin (M342350), a lipopeptide compound that acts as an antifungal agent with activity against Aspergillus and Candida species.<br>References Denning, D., et al.: J. Infection, 53, 337 (2006); Queiroz-Telles, F., et al.: Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J., 27, 820 (2008)<br></p>

<p>Applications 6,8-Difluoro-1,4-dihydro-1-(N-methylformamido)-7-(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)-4-oxo-3-quinolinecarboxylic Acid Ethyl Ester is an intermediate in the synthesis of Marbofloxacin (M197000), a fluorinated quinolone antibacterial agent.<br>References Gruet, P., et al.: Vet. Rec., 140, 199 (1977), Lefebvre, H.P., et al.: J. Vet. Pharmacol. Ther., 21, 453 (1998),<br></p>

<p>Applications A coordination compound for treatment of cervix cancer.<br>References Jiang, M., et al.: Methods Mol. Biol., 292, 401 (2005), Fujii, T., et al.: Int. J. Oncol., 29, 541 (2006), Niu, X., et al.: Int. J. Gynecol. Cancer, 16, 743 (2006),<br></p>