Toxicology

<p>Applications 3’-O-Benzyl Sofosbuvir Desphosphate may be a metabolite of Sofosbuvir (P839640), a prodrug that is metabolized to the active antiviral agent 2'-deoxy-2'-α-fluoro-β-C-methyluridine-5'-monophosphate and is currently being investigated in phase 3 clinical trials for the treatment of hepatitis C. Studies have profiled PSI-7977 as a nucleotide inhibitor of hepatitis C virus, exerting selective inhibitory effects towards HCV NS5B polymerase.<br>References Lam, A.M.,et al.: Antimicrob. Agents. Chemotherapy., 56, 3359 (2012); Lam, A.M., et al.: J. Virol., 85, 12334 (2011); Sofia, M.J., et al.: J. Medn. Chem., 53, 7202 (2010);<br></p>

<p>Applications (4S)-Efavirenz 2-Desoxo-2-methyl is an analog of Efavirenz (E425000); a nonnucleoside HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor and antiviral agent.<br>References Young, S.D., et al.: Antimicrob. Ag. Chemother., 39, 2602 (1995)<br></p>

<p>Applications 2,3,4,6-Tetra-O-acetyl-a-D-galactopyranosyl azide (CAS# 94427-00-6) is a useful research chemical compound.<br></p>

<p>Applications (1R,​4S)​-3-​Oxo-2-​azabicyclo[2.2.1]​hept-​5-​ene-​2-​carboxylic acid 1,​1-​Dimethylethyl Ester is an intermediate in synthesizing ent-Abacavir (Abacavir EP Impurity A) (A105015), an enatiomer of Abacavir (A105000). Abacavir is a carbocyclic 2'-deoxyguanosine nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor and an anti-HIV drug used to treat HIV infection (1). Intracellular enzymes convert Abacavir to its active form, carbovir-triphosphate (CBV-TP), which then selectively inhibits HIV reverse transcriptase by incorporating into viral DNA (2). Abacavir is metabolized in the liver by uridine diphosphate glucuronyltransferase and alcohol dehydrogenase resulting in inactive glucuronide and carboxylate metabolites, respectively.<br></p>

<p>Applications 5-Amino-1-N-methylindole (CAS# 102308-97-4) is an indole derivative and building block, used in the copper-catalyzed synthesis of sulfonamides.<br>References Chen, Y.; et al.: J. Am. Chem. Soc., 140, 8781 (2018);<br></p>

<p>Applications 2-methoxy-3-pyridinesulfonyl chloride is patented as a reactant used to prepare erythromycin macrolide antibiotics as antibacterial and antiprotozoal agents.<br></p>

<p>Applications Labelled Clonazepam (C587080) metabolite.<br>References Huang, W., et al.: J. Anal. Toxicol., 19, 333 (1995), Rittner, M., et al.: J. Anal. Toxicol., 25, 115 (2001),<br></p>

<p>Applications U 75875, is a peptidomimetic inhibitor, that inhibits HIV-1 gag-pol protein. In human peripheral blood mononuclear cells and in a continuous cell line, U-75875 completely blocked HIV replication, so it can be used as therapeutic potential of protease inhibitors for treatment of HIV infection.<br>References Ashorn, P., et al.: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 87, 7472 (1990);<br></p>

<p>Applications 12β-Deoxycholic Acid Methyl Ester 3α-Benzoate is an intermediate in the synthesis of 3α,12β-Dihydroxycholanoic Acid is a bile acid that may decrease of the toxic effects of deoxycholic acid on lipid peroxidn.<br>References Hino, A., et. al.: J. Biochem., 129, 683 (2001)<br></p>

<p>Applications Cycloester Erythromycin Enol Ether is derived from Erythromycin A Enol Ether (E649970), which is an impurity of Erythromycin.<br>References McGuire, J.M., et al.: Antibiot. Chemother., 6, 281 (1952), Steffansen, B., et al.: Int. J. Pharm., 56, 159 (1989), Goldman, R.C., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 34, 1973 (1990)<br></p>

<p>Applications Trichloro[2-(chloromethyl)-2-propen-1-yl]silane is an intermediate used in the synthesis of 2-​(Chloromethyl)​allyl-​trimethylsilane (C371430), which is one of the reagents to synthesize Leucasandrolide A Macrolide (I) via Mukaiyama aldol coupling.2-​(Chloromethyl)​allyl-​trimethylsilane was used in catalytic Sakurai reaction of α,​β-​enones.<br>References Kopecky, D., et al.: J. Am. Chem. Soc., 123, 8420 (2001).Lee, P., et al.: J. Org. Chem., 66, 8646 (2001).<br></p>

<p>Applications Valproic Acid-d15 β-D-Glucuronide, is the labeled analogue of Valproic Acid β-D-Glucuronide (V094760), a metabolite of Valproic acid.<br>References Rudy, A., et al.: J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 259, 1133 (1991), Nagai, K., et al.: J. Antimicrob. Chemother., 39, 295 (1997), Yamamura, N., et al.: Drug Metab. Dispos., 27, 724 (1999)<br></p>

<p>Applications 7-[[(2Z)-2-(2-Amino-4-thiazolyl)-2-[(carboxymethoxy)imino]acetyl]amino]-cefixime is a cefixime impurity. Cefixime (C242800) is an orally active, third generation cephalosporin antibiotic.<br>References Kamimura, T., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 25, 98 (1984),Yamanaka, H., et al.: J. Antibiot., 38, 1738 (1985), Guay, D.R.P., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 30, 485 (1986),<br></p>

<p>Stability Moisture Sensitive, Toxic<br>Applications Benzyl Chloromethyl Ether is a reagent in the preparation of benzoyl-hydroxypyrimidine-diones, which are dual inhibitors of HIV reverse transcriptase and integrase.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Tang, J., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 21, 2400 (2011); Berkley, S., et al.; Nat. Med. 16, 981 (2010)<br></p>

<p>Applications N-Desdecanoyl, N-(dodeca-2,6,9-trienoyl) Daptomycin Trifluoroacetic Acid Salt is an impurity of Daptomycin (D193350), cyclic lipopeptide antibiotic derived from a fermentation product of Streptomyces roseosporus; disrupts plasma membrane function in gram-positive bacteria. Antibacterial.<br>References Allen, N.E., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 31, 1093 (1987), Tully, F.P., et al.: Expert Opin. Invest. Drugs, 8, 1223 (1999),<br></p>

<p>Stability Light Sensitive<br>Applications Isotope Labelled Ethaboxam is a pesticide used as a fungicide against fungal infections in crops.<br>References Kim, D. et al.: Pest Manage. Sci., 60, 1007 (2004); Park, M. et al.: J. Microbiol. Biotech., 13, 43 (2003);<br></p>

<p>Applications 2,5-Thiazolylmethyl Diacarbonate is an impurity of Ritonavir (R535000), a selective HIV protease inhibitor.<br>References Daluge, S., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 38, 1590 (1994); Ammaranond, P., et al.: J. Clin. Virol., 26, 153 (2003); Harrigan, P., et al.: J. Infect. Dis., 191, 339 (2005); Miller, J., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 16, 1788 (2006); Koppala, S., et al.: J. Chromatogr. Sci., 53, 662 (2015);<br></p>

<p>Applications Lamivudine Dimer is an impurity of Lamivudine (L172500); a potent nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor and antiviral agent. Lamivudine has also been used for treatment of chronic hepatitis B.<br>References Morris, D.M., J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 12, 255 (1944); Nevens, B.F., et al.: Gastroenterology, 113, 1258 (1997); Perry, C.M., et al.: Drugs, 53, 657 (1977)<br></p>

<p>Stability Temperature Sensitive<br>Applications Antibiotic A21 is a new polyene macrolide Amphotericin amide antibiotic with antimycotic effectiveness.<br>References Flores-Romero, J. D., et al.: Org. Process Res. Dev., 20, 1529 (2016), Antillon, A., et al.: PLoS One, 11, 9 (2016)<br></p>

<p>Applications N-Hydroxy-methyl Methoxy Tenofovir Alfenamide is an impurity of Tenofovir (T018500) which is an acyclic phosphonate nucleotide analogue and reverse transcriptase inhibitor. It is used as an anti-HIV agent. Antiviral.<br>References Shaw, J.-P., et al.: Pharm. Res., 14, 1824 (1997); Wyles, D., et al.: Clin Infect. Dis., 40, 174 (2005), Peng, J., et al.: J. Clin. Pharmacol., 46, 265 (2006), Seminari, E., et al.: J. Antimicrob. Chemother., 60, 831 (2007);<br></p>

<p>Applications Fenbutatin Oxide is an organotin pesticide. Fenbutatin Oxide is widely used as an aracacide in the control of mites, in particular spider mites.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Ishaaya, I. et al.: Pest. Biochem. Physiol., 6, 270 (1976); Inglesfield, C.: Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol., 38, 813 (1987); Riedl, H. et al.: Exp. Appl. Acarol., 11, 149 (1991);<br></p>

<p>Applications Amoxycilloic Acid Trimer is an impurity of Amoxycilloic Acid (A634265); a degradation product/impurity of Amoxicillin (A634235, 3H2O) which is a semi-synthetic antibiotic related to Penicillin and an antibacterial.<br>References Connor, S., et al.: J. Pharm. Pharmacol., 46, 128 (1994); Van G., et al.: J. Vet. Pharmacol. Ther., 26, 139 (2003); Brogden, R.N., et al.: Drugs, 18, 169 (1979); Bird, A.E., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs. Excip., 23, 1 (1994)<br></p>

<p>Applications 1-(2,2-Dihydroxyethyl)-6-(methoxycarbonyl)-4-oxo-1,4-dihydropyridine-3-carboxylic Acid is an intermediate in the synthesis of Bictegravir-15N, d2 (B382096), which is the labeled version of Bictegravir, which is a novel, potent inhibitor of HIV-1 integrase with an IC50 of 7.5 nM.<br>References Tsiang M. et al.: Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2016 Nov 21;60(12):7086-7097;<br></p>

<p>Applications 4-Piperidine-d9-carboxamide (CAS# 1219803-20-9) is a useful isotopically labeled research compound.<br></p>

<p>Applications Zinc salicylate trihydrate (CAS# 16283-36-6) is a useful research chemical compound.<br></p>

<p>Applications α-[2-[Methyl(1-naphthalenylmethyl)amino]ethyl]-Benzenemethanol is an impurity of naftifine (N213100) an antifungal.<br>References Stuetz, A., et al.: Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 29, 112 (1986)<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications A metabolite of Daidzein.<br>References Cassidy, A., et al.: J. Clin. Nutr., 60, 333(1994), Pereira, M., et al.: Carcinogenesis, 15, 1049 (1994), Shah, V., et al.: Pharm. Res., 17, 1551 (2000),<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications 4-Chloro-5-chlorosulfonyl Salicylic acid is used in the synthesis of Xipamide (X745150), a diuretic agent.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Liebenow, W., et al.: Arzneim.-Forsch., 25, 240 (1975),<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Phenylglycyl Cefaclor Hydrochloride, is an impurity of Cefaclor (C235250), which is a second-generation cephalosporin antibiotic. Antibacterial.<br>References Gray, B.M., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 13, 988 (1978); Lorenz, L.J., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 9, 107 (1980); Hori, R., et al.: J. Pharm. Pharmacol., 40, 646 (1988);<br></p>

<p>Applications Protected Testosterone (T155000) metabolite.<br>References Hosoda, H., et al.: Chem. Pharm. Bull., 25, 2650 (1977),<br></p>

<p>Applications A novel C-11 epoxy fatty acid, from timothy chokes, stromata of E. typhina, has antifungal activity against Cladosporium herbarum.<br>References Koshino, H., et al.: Agric. Biol. Chem., 53, 2527 (1989),<br></p>

<p>Applications A benzodiazepine derivative that possesses anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, sedative and skeletal muscle relaxant properties. It is a precursor to Desmethyldiazepam (D291595) and is equal to or more effective than Diazepam (D416855) with a lower frequency of side effects.Controlled Substance.<br>References Fann, W.E. et al.: Pharmacother., 2, 72 (1982); Greenblatt, D.J. et al.: Lancet, 1, 1358 (1982);<br></p>