Toxicology

<p>Stability Moisture Sensitive<br>Applications Fluorescent labeling reagent for proteins. Used in the fluorescent antibody technique for rapid identification of pathogens. Dyes and metabolites.<br>References Riggs, H.J.L., et al.: Amer. J. Pathol., 34, 1081 (1958), Mann, K.G. and Fish, W.W., Methods in Enz., 26, 28 (1972),<br></p>

<p>Applications 6-Hydroxy Albaconazole, is a metabolite of Albaconazole (H761395), an antifungal agent as neuroprotectant.<br>References Pujol, I., et al.: J. Antimicrob. Chemother., 39, 163 (1997), Gilgado, F., et al.: J. Clin. Microbiol., 43, 4930 (2005), Raad, I., et al.: Clin. Infect. Dis., 42, 1398 (2006), Nucci, M., et al.: Clin. Microbiol. Rev., 20, 695 (2007),<br></p>

<p>Applications 5,5-Dimethyl-2-[[(phenylacetyl)amino]methyl]-4-thiazolidinecarboxylic Acid-d5 is the isotope labelled analog of 5,5-Dimethyl-2-[[(phenylacetyl)amino]methyl]-4-thiazolidinecarboxylic Acid. 5,5-Dimethyl-2-[[(phenylacetyl)amino]methyl]-4-thiazolidinecarboxylic Acid is a degradation product of Penicillins.<br>References Kiener, P.A., et al.: Biochem. J., 169, 197 (1978), Hilder, E., et al.: Electrophoresis, 23, 414 (2002), Pajchel, G., et al.: J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 32, 59 (2003),<br></p>

<p>Applications Fenarimol is a pyrimidine based fungicide which acts against rusts, blackspot and mildew fungi and it works by inhibiting the fungus’s biosynthesis of important steroid molecules.<br>References Zeiman, E., et al.: J. Parasitol., 94, 280 (2008); Lozano, A., et al.: J. Chromatograph. A., 1268, 109 (2012);<br></p>

<p>Applications Asomate is an organoarsenic fungicide used for various agricultural goods. Research has shown that arsenic pollution manifested permanently and extensively when asomate was used continuously in apple orchard.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Zhao, Z.Y., et al.: Xuanyi. Xueboa., 34, 117 (2007); Kim, N., et al.: Food. Sci. Biotechnol., 14, 554 (2005);<br></p>

<p>Applications Lopinavir N2,N5-(2,6-Xylyloxy)acetyl Impurity is an impurity of Lopinavir (L469480), which is a selective HIV protease inhibitor. An analogue of Ritonavir. Antiviral. It is a COVID19-related research product.<br>References Sham, H.L., et al.: Antimicrob. Ag. Chemother., 42, 3218 (1998), Kumar, G.N., et al.: Drug Metab. Dispos., 27, 86 (1999), Murphy, R.L., et al.: Antiviral Ther., 4, Suppl. 3, 85 (1999)<br></p>

<p>Applications Mycophenolic Acid Carboxybutoxy Ether Dimethyl Ester is a metabolite of Mycophenolic Acid (M831500).<br>References Wieland, E., et al.: Clin. Biochem., 33, 107 (2000), Shipkova, M., et al.: Ther. Drug Monit., 25, 1 (2003),<br></p>

<p>Applications N-[(2,4-Difluorophenyl)methyl]-2,4-difluoro-benzenemethanamine is derived from 2,4-Difluorobenzylamine (D45085), which acts as a reagent for the design of pyrazole derivatives as non-nucleoside heptatitis B virus inhibitors. It is also used as a reagent in the preparation, HIV antiviral activity, SAR, and molecular modelling of hydroxypyridonecarboxylic acids as HIV reverse transcriptase inhibitors.<br>References Jia, H., et al.: Eur. J. Med. Chem., 123, 202 (2016); Kankanala, J., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 59, 5051 (2016)<br></p>

<p>Impurity Nevirapine EP Impurity D<br>Applications Nevirapine Dimer (Nevirapine EP Impurity D) is a dimeric impurity of the antiviral Nevirapine (N391275).<br></p>

<p>Applications Erythromycin Cyclocarbonate is a derivative of Erythromycin (E649950), an antibcterial agent working on the 50S ribosomal subunit.<br>References Champney, W. et al.: Curr. Microbiol., 38, 342 (1999); Koch, W.L., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 8, 157 (1979),<br></p>

<p>Applications A labeled derivative of Amoxicillin (A634235), a semi-synthetic antibiotic related to penicillin. Antibacterial.<br>References Brogden, R.N., et al.: Drugs, 18, 169 (1979), Bird, A.E., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs. Excip., 23, 1 (1994),<br></p>

<p>Applications O-Arachidonoyl ethanolamine hydrochloride is a partial agonist at CB1 receptor and a full agonist at CB2 receptor. O-Arachidonoyl ethanolamine hydrochloride can be isolated from constituent of human and rat brain. It can be used to prepare antimicrobial arachidonic acid derivative.<br>References Kvasenkov, O. I. RU 2171610 C2 20010810 (2001); Sharir, H., et al.: J Neuroimmune Pharmacol. 7, 856 (2012)<br></p>

<p>Applications Rapamycin (R124000(P)) derivative. Rapamycin a triene macrolide antibiotic isolated from Streptomyces hygroscopicus. Name derived from the native word for Easter Island, Rapa’Nui. Used as an immunosuppressant; antirestenotic. Sirolimus (INN/USAN), also known as rapamycin, is an immunosuppressant drug used to prevent rejection in organ transplantation; it is especially useful in kidney transplants. It has shown its efficacy against neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's.<br>References Martel, P.R., et al.: Can. J. Physiol. Pharmacol., 55, 48 (1977), Carlson, R.P., et al.: J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 266, 1125 (1993), Kahan, B.D., et al.: Lancet, 356, 194 (2000), Holmes, D.R., et al.: Circulation, 109, 634 (2004),<br></p>

<p>Applications Oleoyl-L-carnitine-d3 is labelled Oleoyl-L-carnitine (O526700, HCl salt), a long-chain fatty ester of carnitine which is accumulated and released into the circulation, in fatty-acid oxidation defects. Pattern of Oleoyl-L-carnitine can be diagnostic for a number of ß-oxidation defects.<br>References Adams, S., et al.: J. Nutrition, 139, 1073 (2009); Ventura, F., et al.: Clinica Chimica Acta, 281, 1 (1999); Pourfarzam, M., et al.: Clinical Chem,, 40, 2267 (1994); Schaefer, J., et al.: Pediatric Res., 37, 354 (1995)<br></p>

<p>Applications Atorvastatin Cyclic (Chlorophenyl) Sodium Salt Impurity is an analogue of Atorvastatin Cyclic (Fluorophenyl) Sodium Salt Impurity<br></p>

<p>Applications 3,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid is a synthesis reagent.<br></p>

<p>Applications 2-(1-(Ethylsulfonyl)-3-(4-(7-(hydroxymethyl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)azetidin-3-yl)acetonitrile is an impurity of Baricitinib (B118690), which is a JAK1 and JAK2 inhibitor and has been studied as a promising treatment for rheumatoid arthritis.<br>References Rodgers, J., et. al.: PCT Int. Appl. 185 pp.Patent (2009), WO 2009114512 A1 20090917;Dasari, S., et. al.: Russ. J. Org., 55, 1569 (2019);<br></p>

<p>Applications ((2R,5S)-5-(4-Amino-5-fluoro-2-oxopyrimidin-1(2H)-yl)-1,3-oxathiolan-2-yl)methyl hydrogen ((((R)-1-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)propan-2-yl)oxy)methyl)phosphonate is an impurity of Emtricitabine (E525000), a reverse transcriptase inhibitor. It is an effective antiviral agent against HIV, HBV, and other viruses replicating in a similar manner. A nucleoside analog structurally related to Lamivudine (L172500).<br>References FASEB J., 13, 1511 (1999), Molina, J.-M., et al.: J. InfecSchinazi, R.F., et al.: Antimicrob. Ag. Chemother., 36, 2423 (1992), Shockeor, J.P., et al.: Xenobioica, 26, 189 (1996), Feng, J.Y., et al.: . Dis., 182, 599 (2000)<br></p>

<p>Applications Nucleosides as antiviral agent for the treatment of influenza; broad-spectrum inhibitor of viruses in the Flaviviridae family.<br>References Sidwell, R.W., et al.: Appl. Microbiol., 22, 797 (1971), Allen, B., et al.: J. Med. Che,., 18, 721 (1976),<br></p>

<p>Applications Aminoacetonitrile is a useful synthetic intermediate. It is a reagent used to synthesize dipeptide nitriles as reversible and potent cathepsin S inhibitors. It can also used to prepare substituted cyclic ureas as possible HIV protease inhibitors.<br>References Ward, Y., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 45, 5471 (2002); Wilkerson, W., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 40, 4079 (1997)<br></p>

<p>Applications Shows systemic antifungal activity accompanied by high levels of phytotoxicity.<br>References Carter, G.A., et al.: Ann. Appl. Biol., 84, 333 (1976)<br></p>

<p>Applications Deschloro-2-phenylthio-thiamethoxam is an impurity of thiamethoxam (T344180), which is a neonicotinoid insecticide. Reports show that when exposed to neonicotinid pesticides honeybees have probelms returnign home after foraging and bumblebee colonies grow poorly and produce fewer queens.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Oliver, J., et al.: J. Environ. Horticult., 28, 135 (2010), Ghosh, A., et al.: J. Entomol. Res., 34, 35 (2010), Chem. and Eng. News 90: 10 (2012)<br></p>

<p>Applications 4-Bromo-2-(ethyl-d3)pyridine is an intermediate in the synthesis of Ethionamide-d3 (E890422), a labelled antibacterial (tuberculostatic) agent.<br>References Banerjee, A., et al.: Science, 263, 227 (1994), Newton, G., et al.: J. Bacteriol., 178, 1990 (1996), Baulard, A., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 275, 28326 (2000), Koledin, T., et al.: Arch. Microbiol., 178, 331 (2002), Cardoso, R., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 48, 3373 (2004),<br></p>

<p>Applications A triazine herbicide.<br>References Schenck, F., et al.: Bull Environ. Contam. Toxicol., 73, 24 (2004),<br></p>

<p>Applications (2E)-3-(2-Thiazolyl)-2-propenoic Acid is a useful synthetic intermediate. It is used as an intermediate for HIV-1 protease inhibitor.<br>References Baloglu, E., et al.: PCT Int. Appl. (2014), WO 2014085607 A1 20140605<br></p>

<p>Applications Benzyl 2-Acetamido-3,4,6-tri-O-benzyl-2-deoxy-β-D-glucopyranoside is a reactant used in the preparation of oligosaccharide and glucosamine containing peptides used as inhibitors of influenza virus neuraminidase.<br>References Zhang, J. et al.: Carbohyd. Res., 346, 1997 (2011); Liu, J. et al.: J. Am. Chem. Soc., 124, 9789 (2002); Koto, S. et al.: Bull. Chem. Soc., 73, 173 (2000)<br></p>