Toxicology

<p>Applications Ergosterol biosynthesis inhibitor. Antifungal.<br>References Fung-Tomc., J.C., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 42, 313 (1988), Tsuruoka, A., et al.: Chem. Pharm. Bull., 46, 623 (1998), Gupta, A.K., et al.: J. Eur. Acad. Dermatol. Venereol., 19, 437 (2005),<br></p>

<p>Applications Cholesteryl Acetate Dibromide is an brominated intermediate in the synthesis of Cholesterol (C432501) derivatives.<br>References Kandutsch, A.A., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 249, 6057 (1974);<br></p>

<p>Applications A Rosuvastatin (R700500) intermediate as HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor.<br>References Beck, et al.: J. Med. Chem., 33, 52 (1999),<br></p>

<p>Applications An antiarrhythmic agent isolated from Rauwolfia serpentina.<br>References Galarreta, B., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem., 16, 6689 (2008), Sun, L., et al.: Plant Mol. Biol., 67, 455 (2008), Ruiz-May, E., et al.: Mol. Biotechnol., 41, 278 (2009),<br></p>

<p>Applications Surfactin is a lipopeptide antibiotic and biosurfactant.<br></p>

<p>Applications Gemfibrozil 1-O-β-(3,4,5-O-Triacetyl)glucuronide Methyl Ester is an intermediate in the synthesis of Gemfibrozil 1-O-β-Glucuronide (G305760), the major metabolite of Gemfibrozil (G305750), a serum lipid regulating agent used as an antihyperlipoproteinemic.<br>References Kissebach, A.H., et al.: Atherosclerosis, 24, 199 (1976); Lewis, J.E., et al.: Pract. Cardiol., 9, 99 (1983); Rubins, H.B., et al.: N. Engl. J. Med., 341, 410 (1999)<br></p>

<p>Applications GSK2656157 is an ATP-competitive and highly selective inhibitor of PKR-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK) enzyme activity. GSK2656157 also has anti-tumor and anti-angiogenic activity.<br>References Axten, J.M., et al.: ACS Med. Chem. Lett., 4, 964 (2013); Atkins, C., et al.: Cancer Res., 73, 1993 (2013)<br></p>

<p>Applications Methylstenbolone is an anabolic androgenic steroid that have been studied in respect of testosterone-receptor interaction and in the development of QSAR models.<br>References Singh, D., et al.: J. Chem. Pharma. Rsch., 3, 1 (2011); McFarland, K., et al.: Science, 245, 494 (1989); Heckert, L., et al.: Mol. Endocrinol., 12, 1499 (1998); Themmen, A., et al.: Endocr. Rev. 21, 551 (2000); Kumar, R., et al.: Biol. Reprod., 65, 710 (2001)<br></p>

<p>Applications A labelled DNA topoisomerase II inhibitor. Semi-synthetic derivative of podophyllotoxin, related structurally to Teniposide. Antineoplastic.<br>References Burden, D.A., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 271, 29238 (1996), Joel, S., et al.: Cancer Treat. Rev., 22, 179 (1996),<br></p>

<p>Applications A selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor. Use as an anti-inflammatory, analgesic.<br>References Catalla-Lawson, F., et al.: J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 289, 735 (1999), Ehrich, E.W., et al.: Clin. Pharmacol. Ther., 65, 336 (1999), Langman, M.J., et al.: J. Am. Med. Assoc., 282, 1929 (1999),<br></p>

<p>Applications Labelled Diminazene (D479550). Antiprotozoal (Trypanosoma, Babesia).<br>References Braithwaite, A.W.<br></p>

<p>Applications Terbinafine is used to treat infections caused by a fungus.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br></p>

<p>Applications Pyflubumide is an acaricide used in the control of phytophagous mites.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Zhang, Y.: Shijie Nongyao, 38, 15 (2016), Furuya, T., et al.: J. Pest. Sci. , 40, 38 (2015), Van L., et al.: Pest. Biochem. Physiol., 121, 12 (2015)<br></p>

<p>Applications Flufenacet is an anilide based herbicide that is applied to the soil surface or incorporated before the crop is emerged. Flufenacet is often used in field corn, corn grown for silage or soybeans to control annual grasses and broadleaf weeds.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Hulting, A.G., et al.: Weed. Technol., 26, 230 (2012); Bailly, G.C., et al.: Crop Protect., 34, 96 (2012);<br></p>

<p>Applications Glycochenodeoxycholic Acid Sodium Salt is a bile salt formed in the liver from chenodeoxycholate and glycine. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for absorption and is itself absorbed. It is a cholagogue and choleretic.<br>References Ollila, F., et al.: Langmuir, 17, 7107 (2001); Uekama, K., et al.: Chem. Pharm. Bull., 52, 900 (2004); Tongiani, S., et al.: J. Pharm. Sci., 94, 2380 (2005)<br></p>

<p>Applications Herbicide used to control the spread of weedgrass.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Haith, D., et al.: Environ. Sci. Technol., 44, 6496 (2010), Jabran, K., et al.: Int. J. Agric. Biol., 12, 335 (2010), Rahaman, S., et al.: Environ. Ecol., 28, 1 (2010),<br></p>

<p>Applications Colestilan, is a copolymer of 2-methyl-1H-imidazole and epichlorohydrin, and a bile acid sequestrans, that can be used for the treatment of hypercholesterolemia and dyslipidemia.<br>References Handelsman, Y., et al.: Diabetes Care, 34, S244 (2011);<br></p>

<p>Applications Potent, selective inducer of phase II detoxification enzymes with anticarcinogenic properties. Occurs naturally in broccoli. It was found to inhibit chemically induced mammary tumor formation in rats. Antitumor agent.<br>References Zhang, Y., et al.: Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 89, 2399 (1992), Shikita, M., et al.: Biochem. J., 341, 725 (1999), Wittich, S., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 45, 3296 (2002), Lee, J., et al.: Cancer Lett., 224, 171 (2005),<br></p>

<p>Applications A neonicotinoid insecticide. Reports show that when exposed to neonicotinid pesticides honeybees have probelms returnign home after foraging and bumblebee colonies grow poorly and produce fewer queens. Useful in cannabis testing kits as a component of pesticide mixes (P698240).<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Oliver, J., et al.: J. Environ. Horticult., 28, 135 (2010), Ghosh, A., et al.: J. Entomol. Res., 34, 35 (2010), Chem. and Eng. News 90: 10 (2012)<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications A metabolite of Acrylamide.<br>References Bjellaas, T., et al.: Toxicol. Sci., 100, 374 (2007), Doerge, D., et al.: Toxicol. Lett., 169, 34 (2007), Hartmann, E., et al.: J. Agric. Food Chem., 56, 6061 (2008),<br></p>

<p>Impurity Cetirizine EP Impurity G Dihydrochloride<br>Applications 4-(p-Chloro-α-phenylbenzyl)-1-piperazineethanol is used in the synthesis of antifungal triazole and imidazole derivatives. Impurity of an intermediate in the formation of Cetrizine.<br>References Rezaei, Z. et al.: Archiv. Pharm., 344, 658 (2011);<br></p>

<p>Applications Bendiocarb is a benzodioxolyl carbamate derivative. Bendiocarb is commonly used as an insecticide in agriculture against a wide range of pests and insects. Bendiocarb is one of the insecticides recommended by world health organization (WHO) for use in malaria control.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Sadasivaiah, S. et al.: Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg., 77, 249 (2007); Brooker, P. J. et al.: Pest. Sci., 3, 735 (1972);<br></p>

<p>Impurity Salmeterol EP Impurity B<br>Applications A novel antibacterial analog of the antibacterial drug Sulfamethoxazole (S699086).<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Gentiopicroside is an anticonvulsant agent present in plant extracts.<br>References Mahendran, G. et al.: Biomed. Res. Int., 2015, 542385 (2014);<br></p>

<p>Applications An Epinephrine (E588585) derivative formed in injection solutions and eye drops during sterilization and storage of L-Epinephrine Bitartrate.<br>References De Mol, N.J. et al.: Pharmac. Week., 117, 1 (1982); Liu, C. et al.: Yao. Fen. Zaz., 2, 200 (1982);<br></p>

<p>Applications Difluoroacetic acid<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br></p>

<p>Applications Dolutegravir is a second generation HIV-1 integrase strand transfer inhibitor. Dolutegravir is currently in Phase III clinical trials for the treatment of HIV infection. Dolutegravir has been shown to potently inhibit HIV replication in cells such as peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), MT-4 cells and CIP4 cells infected with a self-inactivating PHIV lentiviral vector.<br>References Kobayashi, M. et al. Antimicrob Agents Chemother., 55, 813 (2011); Garrido, C. et al.: Antiviral, Res., 90, 164 (2011); Lenz, J.C.C. et al.: Exp. Opin. Invest. Drugs, 20, 537 (2011)<br></p>

<p>Applications 1-Chloro-2-(α-chlorophenylmethyl)benzene is used as a reagent in the synthesis of bifonazole analogs which have antibacterial and antifungal activities. It is also used in the preparation of diphenylpiperazine N-type calcium channel inhibitors.<br>References El Hage, S., et al.: Arch. Pharm., 344, 402 (2011); Pajouhesh, H., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 20, 1378 (2010)<br></p>

<p>Applications A labelled imidazole, a versatile heterocycle used in the preparation of various biologically active compounds such as the amino acid histidine and is present in many antifungal medication. It is also used extensively as a corrosion inhibitor on transition metals such as copper.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Arispe, N. et al.: Biophys. J., 95, 4879 (2008); Troesken, E.R. et al.: Endo. Res., 30, 387 (2004); Otmacic Curkovic, H. et al.: Corr. Sci., 51, 2342 (2009);<br></p>

<p>Applications A charged sulfhydryl reactive reagent.<br>References Karlin, A., et al.: J. Mol. Biol. , 61, 175 (1971)<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications N-[2-(2,4-Dichlorophenyl)-2-[(2,4-dichlorophenyl)methoxy]ethyl]-formamide is an impurity of miconazole (M342500). Antifungal (topical).<br>References Godefroi, E.F., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 12, 784 (1969), Brugmans, et al.: Arch. Dermatol., 102, 428 (1970), Heel, R.C., et al.: Drugs, 19, 7 (1980),<br></p>

<p>Applications Potassium channel blocker.<br>References Carmeliet, D., et al.: J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 262, 809 (1992), Norgaard, B.L., et al.: Am. Heart J., 137, 1062 (1999), Torp-Pedersen, C., et al.: N. Engl. J. Med. 341, 857 (1999)<br></p>

<p>Applications Flavokavain B is a secondary metabolite of the kava plant (Piper methysticum Forst. f., Piperaceae, which has anticancer properties and demonstrated oral efficacy in murine cancer models.  Futhermore, it also has suspected roles in rare cases of kava-induced hepatotoxicity. In addition, it is a potential candidate for the development of novel antifungal phytotherapic products.<br>References Pinner, K. D., et al.: Pharmaceutical Biology (Abingdon, United Kingdom), 54, Epub ahead of print (2016); Rowe A., et al.: Phytotherapy Research, 26, 1768 (2012); Alves dos Santos, R., et al.: Journal of Chemistry, (2013)<br></p>

<p>Applications Labelled Brimonidine. It is an α2 receptor agonist. It is a drug used to treat glaucoma.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Katz, L.J., et al.: Am. J. Ophthalmol., 127, 20 (1999), Cantor, L. B., Expert Opin. Pharmacother., 1, 815 (2000),<br></p>

<p>Applications Steroid hormone with weak androgenic effects.<br>References Wartman, C., et al.: Aquatic Toxicol., 92, 131 (2009), Gohil, V., et al.: Nat., Biotechnol., 28, 249 (2010), Phapale, P., et al.: Clin. Pharmacol. Ther., 87, 426 (2010),<br></p>

<p>Applications Foramsulfuron is used in weed control practises in reduced tillage production. It also functions as a new herbicide with ALS-inhibiting active ingredient for the control of troublesome weeds in sugar beet.<br>References Wendt, M. J., et al.: Weed Res., 57, 267 (2017); Isik, D., et al.: Phytoparasitica, PagesAhead of Print (2017)<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications A labelled serotonin 5-HT2A receptor antagonist. Used as potential controls in various biological studies.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Wong, D.F., et al.: Science, 226, 1393 (1984), Blin, J., et al.: Eur. J. Pharmacol., 147, 73 (1988), Kehne, J.H., et al.: J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 277, 968 (1996),<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Neuroleptic agent related structurally to thiothixene. Antipsychotic; neuroleptic agent; dopamine receptor antagonist.<br>References Nielsen, et al.: Acta Pharmacol. Toxicol., 32, 363 (1973), Post, M.L., et al.: Nature, 256, 342 (1975), Peuch, et al.: Neuropharmacology, 20, 1279 (1981),<br></p>

<p>Impurity Fluocinolone Acetonide EP Impurity B<br>Applications (6α,11β,16α,17α)-6,9-Difluoro-11-hydroxy-16,17-[(1-methylethylidene)bis(oxy)]-3-oxoandrosta-1,4-diene-17-carboxylic Acid, is a derivative of Fluocinolone Acetonide (F455800), which is a Corticosteroid, used in dermatology to reduce skin inflammation and relieve itching.<br>References Sammul, et al.: J. Assoc. Off. Agric. Chem., 47, 952 (1964), Emerson, M.V., et al.: BioDrugs, 21, 245 (2007),<br></p>

<p>Impurity Clarithromycin EP Impurity J<br>Applications Erythromycin A Oxime (Roxithromycin Impurity C) (Clarithromycin EP Impurity J) is the major metabolite of Roxithromycin and an intermediate of Azithromycin. Antibacterial agent. Roxithromycin impurity C.<br>References Ferrero, J., et al.: Drug Metab. Dispos., 18, 441 (1990), Gase, C., et al.: J. Antibiot., 44, 313 (1991), Markham, A., et al.: Drugs, 48, 297 (1994), Jarukamjorn, K., et al.: J. Pharm. Pharmacol., 50, 515 (1998),<br></p>

<p>Applications Fluopyram is a succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor (SDHI) used as a fungicide. It is also useful in cannabis testing kits as a component of pesticide mixes (P698240).<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Amiri, A. et. al.: Plant Disease, 98, 532 (2014); Ishii, H., et. al.: Pest. Manag. Sci., 67, 474 (2011)<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications A metabolite of Amodiaquine (A634200), an antimalarial.<br>References Bayliss, M., et al.: Xenobiotica, 29, 253 (1999), Projean, D., et al.: Drug Metab. Dispos., 31, 748 (2003), Bray, P., et al.: Mol. Microbiol., 56, 323 (2005), Xiang, H., et al.: J. Pharm. Sci., 95, 2657 (2006),<br></p>