Toxicology

Applications Ampicillin Desoxyazetidin-2-one can be used to develop HPLC methods that detect compounds or impurities related to ampicillin in bulk drug. Ampicillin Desoxyazetidin-2-one is a related compound of Ampicillin (A634300), a β-lactam antibiotic used for treating bacterial infection. Ampicillin interferes with cell wall synthesis in bacteria.
References Raju, Ch. B. V. N., et al.: Anal Chem : Ind J, 7, 354 (2008); Fisher, J. F., et al.: Chem. Rev. 105, 395 (2005); Sill, M. L., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 52, 1551 (2008); Ivashkiv, E., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs. 2, 1 (1973)

Applications Octahydro-6-(phenylmethyl)-1H-Pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridine is an intermediate in the synthesis of moxifoxacin (M745000), a fluorinated quinolone antibacterial.
References Somisetti, N. et al.: Org. Chem. Indian J., 7, 123 (2011);

Applications Cefotaxime Sodium Impurity G-d3 is the isotope labelled analog of Cefotaxime Sodium Impurity G (C242955); an impurity of Cefotaxime Sodium (C242950) which is a broad spectrum third generation cephalosporin antibiotic.
References Wise, R., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 14, 807 (1978); Muhtadi, F.J., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 11, 139 (1982)

Applications 1-Cyclopropyl-8-ethoxy-6,7-difluoro-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-3-quinolinecarboxylic Acid is an impurity in the synthesis of Moxifloxacin (M745000), a fluorinated quinolone antibacterial.
References Woodcock, J.M., et al.: Antimicrob. Ag. Chemother., 41, 101 (1997), Stass, H., et al.: Antimicrob. Ag. Chemother., 42, 2060 (1998)

Applications Bis(1-methyl-2-hydroxyethyl) Ether is a metabolite formed during the aerobic degradation of polypropylene glycol by Corynebacterium species. An ether found in smoke condensate from nonfiltered cigarettes.
References Kawai, F. et al.: J. Fermentat. Techn., 63, 239 (1985); Schumacher, J. et al.: J. Agr. Food. Chem., 25, 310 (1977)

Applications (3S)-10-(1-Aminocyclopropyl)-9-fluoro-2,3-dihydro-6-hydroxy-3-methyl-7H-pyrido[1,2,3-de]-1,4-benzoxazin-7-one is an impurity and degredation product of Pazufloxacin, a fluorinated quinolone antibiotic.
References Demachi, Kumiko, et al.: Yakugaku Zasshi, 115(9), 716-31 (1995);Fukuoka, Y., et al.: Antimicrob. Ag. Chemother., 37, 384 (1993);Todo, Y., et al.: Chem. Pharm. Bull., 42, 2569 (1994)

Applications N,N-Diethylphenylacetamide, is a multi-insect repellent with a faint pleasant smell.
Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package
References Rakkiyappan, C., et al.: Int. J. Poly. Mat., 61, 1154 (2012);

Applications 6-Hydroxy Albaconazole, is a metabolite of Albaconazole (H761395), an antifungal agent as neuroprotectant.
References Pujol, I., et al.: J. Antimicrob. Chemother., 39, 163 (1997), Gilgado, F., et al.: J. Clin. Microbiol., 43, 4930 (2005), Raad, I., et al.: Clin. Infect. Dis., 42, 1398 (2006), Nucci, M., et al.: Clin. Microbiol. Rev., 20, 695 (2007),

Applications An intermediate in the preparation of HIV-1 Protease Inhibitor. An isomeric impurity of Bisfuranol.
References Surleraux, D.L. et al.: 48, 1813 (2005); Chen, X. et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 6, 2847 (1996);

Applications N-Acetyl Serotonine O-Sulfate Ester Triethylammonium Salt, is used as a urinary biomarker in metablomics studues. Metabolite of serotonin (S274980), a monoamine neurotransmitter.
References Johnson, C. et al.: Rad. Res., 178, 328 (2012); Kuraishi, Y., et al.: Biol. Pharm. Bull., 31, 2143 (2008); Morera, E., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 19, 6806 (2009); Gohil, V., et al.: Nat. Biotechnol., 28, 249 (2010);

Applications ((2R,5S)-5-(4-Amino-5-fluoro-2-oxopyrimidin-1(2H)-yl)-1,3-oxathiolan-2-yl)methyl hydrogen ((((R)-1-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)propan-2-yl)oxy)methyl)phosphonate is an impurity of Emtricitabine (E525000), a reverse transcriptase inhibitor. It is an effective antiviral agent against HIV, HBV, and other viruses replicating in a similar manner. A nucleoside analog structurally related to Lamivudine (L172500).
References FASEB J., 13, 1511 (1999), Molina, J.-M., et al.: J. InfecSchinazi, R.F., et al.: Antimicrob. Ag. Chemother., 36, 2423 (1992), Shockeor, J.P., et al.: Xenobioica, 26, 189 (1996), Feng, J.Y., et al.: . Dis., 182, 599 (2000)

Applications Saflufenacil is a herbicide of the pyrimidinedione chemical class used for the preplant burndown and selective preemergence dicot weed control in different field crops. It was found to inhibit protoporphyrinogen IX oxidase (PPO) enzyme.
Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package
References Knezevic, S., et al.: Crop Prot., 29, 148 (2010); Grossmann, K., et al.: Weed Sci., 58, 1 (2010);

Impurity Cefixime EP Impurity F
Applications Cefixime Ethyl Ester is an ester impurity of the third generation cephalosporin antibiotic, Cefixime (C242800).
References Bian, L. et al.: Yao. Fen. Zaz., 30, 872 (2010);

Applications Nucleosides as antiviral agent for the treatment of influenza; broad-spectrum inhibitor of viruses in the Flaviviridae family.
References Sidwell, R.W., et al.: Appl. Microbiol., 22, 797 (1971), Allen, B., et al.: J. Med. Che,., 18, 721 (1976),