Toxicology

<p>Applications Flucarbazone-sodium is a herbicide.<br>References Eliason, R., et al.: Weed Sci., 52, 857 (2004);<br></p>

<p>Applications CMPF-d3 is the labeled analogue of CMPF (C595000). CMPF is a drug-binding inhibitor which is also a constituent of urine. CMPF can inhibit specific T4 binding in serum by increasing the free concentration of direct competitors.<br>References Mabuchi, H., Nakahashi, H.: Nephron, 44, 277 (1986); Lim, C.F., et. al.: Metabolism Clin. Exp., 42, 1468 (1993);<br></p>

<p>Applications A Phenothiazine (P318040) analog. Antipsychotic.<br>References Sartorelli, A.C., et al.: Experientia, 21, 457 ( 1965),<br></p>

<p>Applications Labelled Clopidogrel, an antithrombotic.<br>References Mills, D.C.B., et al.: Arterioscler. Thromb., 12, 430 (1992), Feuerstein, G., et al.: Exp. Opin. Invest. Drugs, 4, 425 (1995)<br></p>

<p>Applications Misoprostol is a cytoprotective prostaglandin PGE1 analogue.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Graham, Y., et al.: Lancet, 2, 1277 (1988); Graham, D.Y., et al.: Ann. Int. Med., 119, 257 (1993); Fletcher, H., et al.: Obstet. Gynecol., 83, 244 (1994);<br></p>

<p>Applications Isotope labelled Melamine (M208703), which forms synthetic resins with formaldehyde. It remains largely non-metabolized in male Wistar rats with 90% of the administered dose excreted in the urine (1,2) and thus acts as a non-protein nitrogen food additive found in milk (3). Drinking water contaminant candidate list 3 (CCL 3) compound as per United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), environmental, and food contaminants.<br>References 1. Mast, R. et al.: Food Chem Toxicol. 1983 Dec;21(6):807-10.2. Smith, J. et al.: Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1994 Apr;125(2):296-308.3. Anirudhan, T. et al.: Food Chem. 2017 Jul 15;227:85-92.<br></p>

<p>Applications Sethoxydim is a neuroplastin isoforms, a member of Ig superfamily. It is expressed and important in stereocilia of outer hair cells function. Also, it is derived from Crotonaldehyde (C818650), which is an αβ-unsaturated aldehyde and an alkylating agent that is commonly found in tobacco smoke and some foods. Crotonaldehyde is also a known mutagen and carcinogen.<br>References Zeng, W., et al.: J. Neurosci., 36, 9201-9216 (2016); Scherer, G., et al.: Hum. Exp. Toxicol., 26, 37 (2007); Zhang, S., et al.: Chem. Res. Toxicol., 19, 1386 (2006)<br></p>

<p>Applications Thifensulfuron is used as a herbicide, a chemical compound that function by inhibiting the action of a plant enzyme, stopping plant growth, and eventually killing the plant.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Battaglin, W. A., et al.: Sci. Total Environ., 248, 123(2000)<br></p>

<p>Applications Estradiol-13C2 17-Benzoate is an intermediate in the synthesis of 17β-Estradiol-13C2 (E888003). Isotope labelled 17β-Estradiol (E888000) is the major estrogen (1) secreted by the premenopausal ovary (2).<br></p>

<p>Applications Heparin is a heterogeneous mixture of variably sulfated polysaccharide chains. It acts as an anti-coagulant, due to various antithrombin binding sites along the molecular structure.<br>References Kelton, J. et al.: J. Thromb. Haemost., 10, 1446 (2012); Gouin-Thibault, I. et al.: J. Thromb. Haemost., 101, 986 (2009); Merck Index 14th ed. 804;<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Chlorhexidine Digluconate Impurity K was found in a study of the kinetics of chlorhexidine hydrolysis.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Zong, Z., Lee, E.K.: J. Pharm. Sci., 101, 2417 (2012)<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications A metabolite of Lamivudine (L172500).<br>References Burgess, K., et al.: Chem. Rev., 100, 2047 (2000), Gallois-Montbrun, S., et al.: Biochem. Pharmacol., 68, 1749 (2004),<br></p>

<p>Applications It is a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) α/γ dual agonist.<br>References Barlocco, D., et al.: Curr. Opin. Invest. Drugs, 6, 427 (2005), Devasthale, P.V., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 48, 2248 (2005), Kendall, D.M., et al.: Diabetes care, 29, 1016 (2006),<br></p>

<p>Applications Shows antioxidant effects. Antiseptic.<br>References Wong, S., et al.: Clin. Chem., 33, 214 (1987), Daood, H., et al.: Food Chem., 55, 365 (1996), Zainol, M., et al.: Food Chem., 81, 575 (2003),<br></p>

<p>Applications N-Acetyl-S-phenyl-d5-DL-cysteine is the deuterium labelled form of N-Acetyl-S-phenyl-DL-cysteine, which is used as a reactant in the preparation of potent HIV-1 protease inhibitors that use D-amino acids as P2/P3 ligands.<br>References Jungheim, L., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 39, 96 (1996);<br></p>

<p>Applications 6-(Aminocarbonyl)-3-cyclohexene-1-carboxylic Acid is a useful building block for organic synthesis.<br></p>

<p>Impurity Azithromycin EP Impurity B<br>Applications Azithromycin B (Azithromycin EP Impurity B), is an impurity of Azithromycin (A927000), a semi-synthetic macrolide antibiotic, and related to Erythromycin A.<br>References Langtry, H.D., et al.: Drugs, 56, 273 (1998),<br></p>

<p>Applications Bictegravir, is a novel, potent inhibitor of HIV-1 integrase with an IC50 of 7.5 nM.<br>References Tsiang M. et al.: Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2016 Nov 21;60(12):7086-7097;<br></p>

<p>Stability Very Hygroscopic<br>Applications A sulfometabolite of Moxifloxacin (M745000).<br>References Dalhoff, A., et al.: Drugs, 58, 239 (1999), Ahmed, S., et al.: J. Pharm. Pharmacol., 60, 55 (2008),<br></p>