Biochemicals and Reagents
Biochemicals and reagents are fundamental substances for research and development in fields such as biotechnology, molecular biology, pharmacology, and medicine. These products are essential for a variety of applications, including compound synthesis, biological sample analysis, metabolic process research, and drug production. At CymitQuimica, we offer a wide selection of high-quality, high-purity biochemicals and reagents suitable for various scientific and industrial needs. Our catalog includes enzymes, antibodies, nucleic acids, amino acids, and many other products, all designed to support researchers and professionals in their research and development projects, ensuring reliable and reproducible results.
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Found 130132 products of "Biochemicals and Reagents"
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Biotin Apolipoprotein A-I (APOA1)(86-101)
Apolipoprotein A-I enables the efflux of fat molecules from within cells as high-density lipoprotein (HDL) particles for transport back into LDL particles or to the liver for excretion. HDLs are one of five major groups of lipoproteins. Increasing concentrations of HDL particles are strongly associated with decreasing accumulation of atherosclerosis within the walls of arteries. Apolipoprotein A-I is often used as a biomarker for prediction of cardiovascular diseases, such that low levels of APOA1 are associated with an increased risk of adverse events in patients with coronary artery disease. In such cases, APOA1 can be used as a biomarker to predict cardiovascular disease progression.This peptide contains a covalently bonded N-terminal Biotin tag that can be used for detection and purification.Molecular weight:2,157 g/molCD28 antibody (Tyr218)
Synthetic human CD28 phosphopeptide (Tyr218) immunogen; rabbit polyclonal CD28 antibody (Tyr218)Amylin (1-37) Human
Amylin, also known as islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP), is a peptide hormone which is deficient in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). Amylin is co-secreted with insulin from the pancreatic β-cells. It inhibits glucagon secretion, delays gastric emptying, and thus acts as a satiety agent. Amylin peptide is capable of forming aggregates, and pancreatic amyloid plaques are present in 90% of patients with DM. Formation of these plaques may be inhibited by insulin via the formation of heteromolecular complexes. Amylin is also involved in adiposity signalling and body weight regulation.Amylin is expressed in the human placenta during pregnancy where it may help regulate food intake by both the mother and foetus, and is involved in foetal development of bone, kidneys and pancreas.Color and Shape:PowderMolecular weight:3,901.85 g/molPEN, Human
Endogenous peptide GPR83 agonist derived from processing of precursor protein, proSAAS, a 26-kDa protein encoded by the PCSK1N gene (chromosomal localization Xp11.3 in humans). It is widely expressed in a number of species where it is involved in feeding, stress modulation and addiction and reward circuits.Molecular weight:2,214.2 g/molProapoptotic Peptide KLA
Proapoptotic peptide KLA is a cationic amphipathic peptide that disrupts the mitochondrial membrane. Proapoptotic peptide KLA cannot of its own accord cross eukaryotic cell membranes and is therefore not toxic to the latter. However, KLA has been fused to various protein transduction domains (PTDs) to study its effects in cells. With the fusion of PTDs such as penetratin, KLA becomes highly toxic to cancer cells, it disrupts the mitochondrial cell membrane releasing cytochrome C. This induces cytotoxicity and triggers apoptosis while not effecting normal cells. This selectivity makes KLA-fusion peptides an ideal candidate for further research into cancer treatments as it provides targeted delivery of a highly toxic peptide that only seems to effect cancerous cells. Proapoptotic peptide KLA is provided here to research grade quality, potential PTDs are also available in our catalogue.
Color and Shape:PowderMolecular weight:1,522 g/molPD-1 (24-38)
PD-1 (24-38) peptide is derived from the programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) which interacts with its ligand, PD-L1 to regulate immune homeostasis. PD-1 and its ligand PD-L1 are critical in regulating T cell activation, tolerance and immuno-pathology. PD-1 is an immune checkpoint and guards against autoimmunity through two mechanisms. First, it promotes apoptosis of antigen-specific T-cells in lymph nodes. Second, it reduces apoptosis in regulatory T cells.Several types of cancer cells overexpress PD-L1 in order to escape from the PD-1/PD-L1 immuno-surveillance mechanism. Consequently PD-1 inhibitors and PD-L1 inhibitors could be used as a therapeutic in the treatment of cancers.Color and Shape:PowderMolecular weight:1,773.8 g/molUbiquitin K63 Light
This sequence corresponds to the peptide bond between mammalian Lys63- (K63) linked Ub proteins- where (GG) corresponds to the C-terminus of the side chain appended Ub.K63-linked chains are the second most abundant linkage types found in cells and are modified with Met1-linked chains in mixed or branched architectures. K63-linked chains have a variety of non-degradative roles including: roles in intracellular trafficking- kinase signalling- DNA damage response- inflammatory signalling and NF-KB activation, however they may also be involved in some proteasome dependent pathways.Purity:Min. 95%Molecular weight:2,243.2 g/molGAD65 Antibody Positive Human Plasma
GAD65 Antibody Positive Human Plasma is a life science tool for use in IVD applications. Please enquire for more information about GAD65 Antibody Positive Human Plasma including the price, delivery time and more detailed product information at the technical inquiry form on this page.Secretin (rat)
CAS:Secretin is a gastrointestinal hormone secreted by S cells in the small intestine, targeting G-protein coupled secretin receptors in numerous cell types. Secretin is synthesised from the preprohormone pro-secretin and is involved in regulating gastric acid and bicarbonate ion secretion in the duodenum and regulating water homeostasis. During glucose intake, secretin stimulates the pancreas to release insulin.Secretin has clinical relevance as a method to detect gastrin-producing tumours. Administration of exogenous secretin to the duodenum for secretin stimulation test to occur. Secretin can also be used to detect pancreatic insufficiencies via s administration during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). This allows the detection of inflammatory and neoplastic conditions of the pancreas.Secretin plays a different role in the central nervous system, such that in secretin deficient mice, synaptic plasticity and hippocampal synaptic activity are altered. Thus, secretin can be categorised as a neuropeptide.Formula:C129H216N42O42Molecular weight:3,027.36 g/molCoagulation factor XI (FA11) (274-284) Heavy
Coagulation factor XI is an inactive protein precursor of the coagulation protease factor XIa, a major component of coagulation in the clotting cascade. Structurally factor XI is a disulfide dimer in which each subunit is made up of apple domains which are 90 or 91 amino acid repeats. At the C-terminus a catalytic domain is present. Within the blood it is found to be in complex with kininogen.Factor XI needs to be activated by either factor XIIa, α-thrombin, meizothrombin and factor XIa autoactivation through cleavage of factor XI Arg369-Ile370 bond. This produces active coagulation protease factor XIa, necessary for thrombin generation in the clotting cascade.The clotting cascade occurs in response to a vascular injury to reduce the amount of blood flow to the site of injury. It can be activated through the tissue factor pathway or the contact pathway.A deficiency in factor XI can contribute to bleeding disorders and can be the result of mutations on the FXI gene. Such mutations can include: Glu117Stop which results in the formation of a truncated protein and the missense mutation Phe283Leu effecting FXI dimer formation.Purity:Min. 95%Molecular weight:1,238.6 g/molH-ERPPPVPNPDYEPIR^-OH
Peptide H-ERPPPVPNPDYEPIR^-OH is a Research Peptide with significant interest within the field academic and medical research. This peptide is available for purchase at Cymit Quimica in multiple sizes and with a specification of your choice.Anti-2SC antibody
Succination is a stable post-translational modification of cysteine residues, which modifies protein function or turnover in response to a changing intracellular redox environment. Succination occurs when the Krebs cycle intermediate, fumarate, reacts with cysteine yielding S-(2-succino)cysteine (2SC). A wide range of proteins are subject to succination, including enzymes, adipokines, cytoskeletal proteins and ER chaperones and succination has been shown to have roles in regulatory biology. An increase in succination of adipocyte proteins is seen in diabetes mellitus and results from nutrient excess derived mitochondrial stress. 2SC therefore serves as a biomarker of mitochondrial stress or dysfunction in chronic diseases, such as obesity, diabetes, and cancer. 1mg/ml TEA (Rb 6772)Host: Rabbit Polyclonal IgG Used for: Rb 6772: IHC (1:400), IHC image provided courtesy of Prof. Anthony Gill: Photomicrographs demonstrating positive cytoplasmic staining for 2SC in a fumarate hydratase deficient (HLRCC related) renal carcinoma. Antigen Retrieval on FFPE tissue: heat-induced epitope retrieval (HIER) for 30 min at 97°C in the manufacturer's alkaline retrieval solution ER2 (VBS part no: AR9640) on the Leica BondMax Autostainer. Anti-2SC antibody 6773.Please note image is from a previous batch.Purity:Min. 95%Color and Shape:PowderComplement C4 protein
Complement C4 (200 kDa) is composed of three polypeptide chains – α (93 kDa), β (78 kDa), and γ (33 kDa). During complement activation, C4 is cleaved by the serine protease C1s to C4a (9 kDa) and C4b (190 kDa). C4b is further cleaved by factor I to C4d (45 kDa) and C4c (140 kDa). The current protocol yields C4c, however intact C4 and/or C4b and C4d may be co-purified.
Purity:≥95% By Sds-Page.Ara h 1 (555-577) peanut Allergen Heavy
Ara h 1 is one of the three major allergenic proteins from peanut (Arachis hypogaea) which contains approximately 13 potential allergenic proteins.Ara h 1 is a member of the 7/8 S globulin (vicilin) family of seed storage proteins belonging to the cupin superfamily and is the most abundant allergen present in the peanut kernel. Ara h 1 plays an important role in the allergy sensitising procedure and can be recognised by 90% of patients with a peanut allergy.This peptide represents a tryptic peptide of Ara h 1. The valine residue at position 11 of this peptide is isotopically labelled with carbon-13 (5) and nitrogen-15 (1), giving this peptide a mass increase of 6 compared to the unlabelled peptide.Purity:Min. 95%Molecular weight:1,381.7 g/molBMAP-18 (truncated)
BMAP-27 is a member of the cathelicidin family and is a potent inhibitor of microbial growth, however at higher concentrations it is also cytotoxic to mammalian cells. BMAP-18 has rapid bactericidal activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus uberis, and Escherichia coli.BMAP-18 has low toxicity to mammalian cells, insect cells and the tsetse bacterial symbiont Sodalis glossinidius while retaining an ability to kill a variety of species and life cycle stages of pathogenic kinetoplastid parasites including African trypanosomes, fish trypanosomes and Leishmania parasites. BMAP-18 also has immunomodulatory activity.Molecular weight:2,341.5 g/molUbiquitin (64-72) Heavy
Ubiquitin (64-72) is derived from ubiquitin, a protein which is added through a catalytic process to target proteins to initiate processes such as protein degradation, DNA repair, protein kinase activation and vesicle trafficking.When ubiquitin is added to a target molecule, it is first activated by an ubiquitin-activating enzyme E1 resulting in the formation of the E1-Ub thioester. It is then received by the E2 ubiquitin conjugating enzyme and then transferred onto a lysine residue of the target protein by the E3 ubiquitin ligase.Ubiquitin plays a major role in protein degradation due to the formation of a polyubiquitin chain. This is produced when the lysine-48 residue on ubiquitin is itself ubiquitinated and sequentially followed by the further addition of ubiquitin molecules. The target protein which now contains the polyubiquitinated chain is recognised by the 26s proteasome and degraded.Alternatively monoubiquitination signals can initiate processes such as receptor internalisation and DNA repair. Specifically polyubiquitin chains on lysine 63 residues can regulate processes such as protein kinase activation and vesicle trafficking.The arginine residue at position 9 is isotopically labelled with carbon-13 (6) and nitrogen-15 (4).Molecular weight:1,076.6 g/molCHKtide dual Heavy
CHKtide is a synthetic peptide substrate for checkpoint kinase 1 and 2 (CHK1/CHK2) as well as salt-inducible kinase (SIKs), for use in kinase assays. CHKtide has been derived from CDC25C which is phosphorylated by CHK1/CHK2 in one of the DNA repair pathways. SIKs are serine/threonine kinases that are part of a complex network that regulate sodium homeostasis and blood pressure.The valine residue at position 4 has been isotopically labelled with carbon-13(5) and nitrogen-15(1) and the leucine residue at position 19 has been isotopically labelled with carbon-13(6) and nitrogen-15(1). This isotopic labelling gives this peptide a mass increase of 13 compared to the unlabelled peptide.Purity:Min. 95%Color and Shape:PowderMolecular weight:2,712.5 g/molClick PTD-4
PTD-4 cell penetrating peptide labelled at the N-terminus with an alkyne attachment for ease of reaction with an opposite Click reactive partner (azide).Color and Shape:PowderMolecular weight:1,698.1 g/molComplement C5Heavy
Complement C5 is a fundamental factor of the complement system pathways and whose cleavage by C5 convertase produces the anaphylatoxins C5a and C5b. This cleavage occurs due to the C3b factor binding to the C3 convertases from all the complement pathways: the classical, lectin and alternative and generating the C5 convertases C4bC2aC3b and C3bBbC3b.Overall the main functions of the complement system are to mark cells for phagocytosis, the recruitment of inflammatory cells and the cell lysis of bacteria cell by the MAC. The anaphylatoxins C3a and C5a recruit neutrophils and causes the inflammatory response while the MAC produces pores in the bacterial membrane thus causing a Ca2+ influx into the cell and bacterial cell death.Complement C5 is vital for the assembly of the MAC as C5b, the product of C5, in complex with C6 can bind to target cells. C5bC6 can then form a complex with C7, C8 and C9 to create the MAC, also known as C5b-9. The complement system as a whole can be associated with the neurological diseases, bacterial meningitis, thrombotic disorders, neurological and autoimmune diseases.The leucine residue at position 4 of complement C5 is isotopically labelled with carbon-13 (6) and nitrogen-14 (1).Purity:Min. 95%Molecular weight:725.4 g/mol[Glp6,Pro9] Substance P (6-11)/Septide
Tachykinins are important neuropeptides throughout the nervous system involved in various roles including smooth muscle activity. Substance P is the natural ligand for neurokinin 1 (NK1) tachykinin receptor. Septide was originally identified from the C-terminus substance P and found to be a selective agonist of NK1 tachykinin receptor. Septide is a potent agonist able to stimulate muscle contraction in various models but not all. However, septide consistently lacks a high affinity for the NK1 tachykinin receptor compared to substance P or other applicable agonists. A 'septide sensitive' receptor is speculated, or it could be a conformation of NK1 tachykinin receptor. Further work is required to establish septide function and role in the nervous system. Septide is provided here with an N-terminal pyroglutamic acid to aid this investigation as is standardly used within the literature.Molecular weight:763.4 g/molOctreotide
CAS:Octreotide is a synthetic somatostatin analogue used for the treatment of acromegaly and neuroendocrine tumours. In clinical settings, Octreotide is used for the treatment of vasoactive intestinal peptide-secreting tumours, growth hormone producing tumours, and pituitary tumours. Octreotide also displays efficacy in the treatment of cluster headaches, acute haemorrhage from liver cirrhosis, malignant bowel obstruction, and idiopathic intracranial hypertension. Octreotide exerts its organ protective effects through several mechanisms, including its ability to decrease the levels of endotoxin and the proinflammatory cytokines TNF-alpha and IL-1β, and by inhibiting hepatocellular apoptosis. Octreotide also exerts a protective effect in hepatic ischemia-reperfusion (HIR) injury, which often occurs after complex liver surgeries such as major resection or transplantation.Molecular weight:1,018.4 g/molSMAC/DIABLO -TAT (48-60)-[Lys]
SMAC/DIABLO -TAT (48-60)-[Lys] is a pro-apoptotic peptide that is derived from the mitochondrial protein known either as Second Mitochondria-Derived Activator of Caspases (Smac) or Direct IAP Binding Protein with low isoelectric point, pI (DIABLO). During apoptosis the mitochondria has increased permeability to Smac/DIABLO, which causes the protein to diffuse into the cytosol. Here, Smac/DIABLO adheres to Inhibitors of apoptosis proteins (IAPs) and prevents them from binding to caspases, which in turn accentuates apoptosis.TAT (48-60) is present due to its properties as a cell penetrating cationic peptide (CPP). It derived from the N-terminus of the Tat protein, which is a trans-activator of the transcription protein present in the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). As a CPP, TAT (48-60) is able facilitate the delivery of the Beclin scrambled protein across the plasma membrane.This peptide has an additional lysine attached to the C-terminus of the TAT (48-60) sequence.
Color and Shape:PowderMolecular weight:2,650.6 g/molTritrpticin
CAS:An anti-microbial peptide (AMP) of the cathelicidin family, originally discovered in pig neutrophils. Tritrpticin has potent and broad anti-microbial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, some fungi, and protozoa.Tritrpticin is thought to exist in a range of conformations in solution, and recognise its targets with high selectivity and efficiency whilst displaying low haemolytic activity. The peptides three sequential tryptophan residues flanked by two prolines and four arginines are important for the peptides interaction with membranes and for its mechanism of action. The presence of these three tryptophan and four arginines residues, also class Tritrpticin as a member of the Arg/Trp-rich family of AMPs.Formula:C96H132N28O14Molecular weight:1,902.25 g/molTeduglutide (GLP2 2G)
CAS:Teduglutide is a GLP-2 analogue, in which the alanine at position 2 has been substituted with glycine making the peptide resistant to degradation by dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4)- Teduglutide therefore has a longer half-life than GLP-2 (2-3 hours for teduglutide vs 7 min for GLP-2). Teduglutide has high bioavailability after subcutaneous administration, suggesting that teduglutide has enhanced biological activity, relative to native GLP-2.GLP-2 is a gut hormone produced in the enteroendocrine L cells of gastrointestinal tract by the cleavage of the 160-amino-acid proglucagon molecule. GLP-2 is secreted following the ingestion of food and carries out its activities via the GLP-2 G-protein coupled receptors (GLP-2Rs). GLP-2 has a range of roles within the cell, including: anti-inflammatory effects- promoting the expansion of the intestinal mucosa- stimulating intestinal blood flow- inhibiting gastric acid secretion and gastric emptying- increasing intestinal barrier function and enhancing nutrient and fluid absorption.Formula:C164H252N44O55SColor and Shape:PowderMolecular weight:3,749.8 g/molPARP1 (487-496) peptide
Amino acids 487-496 of Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1). PARP1 is a nuclear DNA repair enzyme that binds to DNA when damage is detected. PARP1 coordinates double and single strand break repair by first cleaving NAD+ into nicotinamide and ADP-ribose, and then synthesising poly-(ADP-ribose) (PAR) chains from ADP-ribose on target proteins (PARylation). PARylation of histone proteins mediates relaxation of the chromatin and recruitment of DNA-break repair enzymes.PARP1 can also act as a transcriptional co-activator, modulating the expression of itself and many other genes by direct binding to or PARylation of enhancers and promoters. PARP1 is also involved in maintaining mtDNA.PARP1 belongs to the PARP family which has 7 known and 10 putative members. PARP1 accounts for >85% of the PARP activity in cellular systems.Purity:Min. 95%Color and Shape:PowderMolecular weight:1,106.6 g/molIDR 1002
Synthetic host defence peptide derivative with strong anti-inflammatory properties.
Molecular weight:1,651 g/molBiotin-Histone H3 (14-34) K23Me3
H3 is a core component of the nucleosome, functioning in DNA compaction and availability to transcription machinery. DNA accessibility is regulated via a complex set of post-translational modifications of histones, also called histone code, and nucleosome remodelling. Similar to the other core histone, H3 has a globular domain and a flexible N-terminal domain, 'histone tail' which can undergo modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation and ubiquitination. There is a wealth of data recording these modifications but understanding their significance is not as clear. H3K23me3, an enriched modification in heterochromatin, is known to bind histone demethylase KDM4A. H3K23me3 is also necessary for timely and accurate meiotic divisions.H3 amino acids 14-34 with lysine 23 trimethylated are provided here with a biotin label for easy use in detection by fluorescence microscopy, ELISA or western blots. Alternatively, it can be purified for protein-protein interactions with the appropriate affinity purification protocol.
Color and Shape:PowderMolecular weight:2,376.4 g/molCardiolipin IgM/β-2-glycoprotein-1 IgM Positive Human Plasma
Cardiolipin IgM/Beta-2-glycoprotein-1 IgM Positive Human Plasma is a life science tool for use in IVD applications. Please enquire for more information about Cardiolipin IgM/Beta-2-glycoprotein-1 IgM Positive Human Plasma including the price, delivery time and more detailed product information at the technical inquiry form on this page.GPS1573
GPS1573 is a potent and dose-dependent peptide antagonist of adrenocorticotrophic (ACTH) -stimulated melanocortin type 2 receptor (MC2R). Along with GPS1574, GPS1773 is an ACTH analogue and as such antagonises MC2R in the nanomolar range.The clinical relevance of GPS1573 is related to Cushing's disease and syndrome, which are both associated with a hypercortisolemic state. Selective antagonism of MC2R using GPS1573 may be a novel treatment modality for Cushing's disease and syndrome.Purity:Min. 95%Color and Shape:PowderAF10847
Activation of the inflammatory response is critical to various infectious agents. Pro-inflammatory cytokines like-IL-1α and IL-1β are upregulated upon the initial detection of infection and bind to IL-1R1 to activate the signalling cascade. However, a hyperinflammatory response can lead to oxidative stress, apoptosis, and conditions such as diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, cancer, and ischemia.To maintain homeostasis there are moderators of the inflammatory response. Binding of interleukin IL-1 to IL-1R1 stimulates the inflammatory cascade. Alternately, AF10847 binds to IL-1R1 resulting in significant conformational change of IL-1R1 but its lack of any cytokine activity locks IL-1R1 in an inactive state inhibiting a signalling event. AF10847 has an exceedingly high affinity for IL-1R1 compared to 1α and IL-1β.Extensive searches for lower molecular mass IL-1R antagonists-for oral delivery as a therapeutic for rheumatoid arthritis are being carried out. AF10847 is a 21-mer that has high affinity for the conserved IL-1R1 binding site that is also recognised by IL-1β. The remarkable high affinity of AF10847 for IL-1R1 makes it a perfect candidate for further investigations into novel IL-1R1 inhibitor development.Color and Shape:PowderMolecular weight:2,604.2 g/molGalanin (13-20) Mouse
Galanin is widely distributed in the central nervous, peripheral, and endocrine systems. Galanin's overarching function is as an inhibitory, hyper-polarizing neuromodulator for classical neurotransmitters like acetylcholine and serotonin. Galanin interacts with 3 receptor subtypes, GalR1-3 G protein-coupled receptors inserted into the plasma membrane. GalR1 is believed to activate a Gβγ pathway to regulate MAPK activation. GalR2 can also activate the MAPK pathway, but unlike GalR1, there is detectable inositol phosphate production. GalR3 is associated with the Galphai/o pathway. Activation of the receptor leads to a cellular influx of K+. Each receptor has been associated with neurological diseases such as GalR3 and epilepsy.Galanin is a key regulator of growth hormone and insulin release and adrenal secretion however the role galanin plays is not clear. Administration of galanin to animal models leads to inhibition of insulin secretion but this is not replicated in humans.N-terminal galanin fragments naturally occur in vivo, but their relevance is unclear. Some N-terminal fragments reduce metabolic and functional disorders in experimental heart damage. Their relative abundance varies, with fragment (13-20) being one of the lowest quantities detected. The physiological relevance of the galanin fragment (13-20) and its affinity to the various Gal receptors has yet to be made clear. Binding assays and displacement assays in rat brain tissue have been performed with similar N-terminal galanin fragments to try and elucidate their function. Using N-terminal fragments such as galanin (13-20) can help clarify the role of full-length galanin in various roles, such as during myocardial ischemia and reperfusion injury. This may highlight new agonists/antagonists for the galanin GalR receptors that can be therapeutic targets.Molecular weight:957.5 g/molPolybia-MPII
The crude venom of the wasp Polybia paulista consists of 30% polybia-MPII. Polybia-MPII is a mastoparan, it is rapidly distributed around the organism point of inoculation via the circulation. As a secretagogue, polybia-MPII has myotoxic action and minor neurotoxic effects. Polybia-MPII has been injected sub-cutaneously and intra-muscularly into mice for pathology and immunohistochemistry assays.As an antimicrobial agent, polybia-MPII is highly effective, with a lower haemolysis rate compared to other mastoparans. Polybia-MPII also shows considerable anti-fungal activity.Molecular weight:1,612 g/molInfluenza A NP (44-52) (HLA-A1)
Influenza A NP (44-52) (HLA-A1) is a CEF control peptide that is derived from Influenza A. Influenza A is an enveloped negative-strand RNA virus that is capable of interfering with host transcription, which can ultimately cause cell death. The action of the virus particles decreases the downstream gene occupancy of RNA polymerase II, as well as instigating cellular stress, resulting in the failure of polymerase II termination at poly(A) sites. Influenza A NP (44-52) (HLA-A1) is defined as a CEF control peptide due to its antigenic properties. Clinically, this peptide is a suitable epitope for CD8+ T cells and can be used to stimulate the release of IFNg. HLA-A1 refers to the cell HLA type that this peptide acts on.The nucleoprotein (NP) is a structural protein that encapsulates the negative strand of viral RNA. NP plays a critical role in the transition of influenza virus RNA synthesis from transcription mode to replication mode.Molecular weight:1,070.5 g/molSARS-CoV-2 Nucleoprotein (1-17)
The coronavirus (CoV) nucleoprotein is the major component of CoV structural proteins. The nucleoprotein has a critical role in virus assembly and RNA transcription. The nucleoprotein is essential in the formation of helical ribonucleoproteins and in regulating viral RNA synthesis. The nucleoprotein can also regulate infected host cellular mechanisms. It is highly expressed during infection and may induce protective immune responses against SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2.The nucleoprotein residues MSDNGPQNQRNAPRITF (1-17) from SARS-CoV-2 have been identified as a T-cell epitope with a predicted HLA restriction. Immune targeting of confirmed epitopes may potentially offer protection against SARS-CoV-2 and help the development of vaccines for long-lasting immunity.Molecular weight:1,944.9 g/molPTH (1-13) Human
N-terminal tryptic peptide of parathyroid hormone (PTH), used for quantification and optimisation in LC-MS/MS assays.PTH is an 84-amino-acid polypeptide hormone (PTH 1-84) which is secreted by the parathyroid glands along with its fragments (such as PTH 1-34 and PTH 7-84). PTH increases calcium and decrease phosphate levels in the blood and the abundance of PTH-derived peptides is regulated by blood calcium levels. PTH inhibits the bone growth-promoting activity of osteoblasts and induces osteoclasts to resorb bone and release calcium and phosphate ions into the blood. PTH binds to and activates the receptor parathyroid hormone receptor 1 (PTHR1). PTHR1 is a G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) which regulates mineral ion homeostasis, bone turnover and skeletal development
Molecular weight:1,454.8 g/molRAGE antagonist peptide
RAGE antagonist peptide is an S100P-derived peptide based competitive antagonist for receptor for advanced glycation end product (RAGE). Recent studies have shown it to disrupt the interaction between RAGE and its ligands, such as S100P, S100A4 and HMGB-1 in binding assays and in multiple cancer cell lines. As well as this, it also blocks RAGE-dependent NF-kB activation in MPanc96, MOH and HPAF II tumor cell lines.Systemic administration of RAGE antagonist peptide also diminishes NF-kB signaling in vivo and significantly reduces glioma tumour growth in murine models.
Molecular weight:1,271.7 g/molPTH (13-34) Human
PTH 13-34 is a biologically active fragment of parathyroid hormone (PTH) with hypertensive activities. PTH 13-34 is being trialled as a possible treatment for osteoporosis (to replace the existing recombinant human PTH 1-34 treatment peptide).PTH is an 84-amino-acid polypeptide hormone (PTH 1-84) which is secreted by the parathyroid glands along with its fragments (such as PTH 1-34 and PTH 7-84). PTH increases calcium and decrease phosphate levels in the blood and the abundance of PTH-derived peptides is regulated by blood calcium levels. PTH inhibits the bone growth-promoting activity of osteoblasts and induces osteoclasts to resorb bone and release calcium and phosphate ions into the blood. PTH binds to and activates the receptor parathyroid hormone receptor 1 (PTHR1). PTHR1 is a G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) which regulates mineral ion homeostasis, bone turnover and skeletal development.Molecular weight:2,806.5 g/molClick pep-1
Pep-1 is a synthetic cell penetrating peptide (CPP) and has been successfully used to deliver a variety of proteins and other biopharmaceutical macromolecules into cells in a non-disruptive manner. It is a CPP with primary amphipathicity, which results from its amino acid sequence as opposed to its folding structure. The primary structure of Pep-1 comprises three main domains: a tryptophan-rich, 'hydrophobic' domain, a hydrophilic domain derived from an NLS (nuclear localisation signal) of SV40 (simian virus 40) large T-antigen, and a spacer.Pep-1 is provided here with a N-terminal alkyne attachment. Two of the most regularly encountered functional groups for click chemistry are azides and alkynes, and the azide-alkyne cycloaddition has become the most popular click reaction. The use of click chemistry with alkyne-Pep1 allows a wide variety of applications particularly for conjugation, modification and peptide design.
Color and Shape:PowderMolecular weight:2,840.5 g/mol[5-FAM]-GLP-1
Glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1 is a gastrointestinal peptide hormone with multiple roles in relation to metabolism. The primary role of GLP-1 is increasing insulin secretion in the presence of high plasma glucose levels, in addition, GLP-1 also suppresses glucagon secretion from the pancreas. GLP-1 slows down gastric emptying and regulates appetite, both valuable in reducing food intake and body weight. These roles of GLP-1 make it a useful target in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).GLP-1 exerts its effects by binding to and activating the class B G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR): GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R). Receptor activation in turn activates signalling pathways which culminates in insulin secretion via CAMP and Ca2+ signalling.Recently evidence has increased for GLP-1 playing a cardio-protective role as well as regulating immune responses and even in kidney function. GLP-1 may also exert neuroprotective and neurotropic effects as it can decrease endogenous levels of amyloid-β (Aβ) and prevent Aβ-induced cell death.This peptide contains N-terminal 5-Carboxyfluorescein (5-FAM), a widely used green fluorescent tag.Purity:Min. 95%Color and Shape:PowderMolecular weight:4,467.1 g/mol(Cbz-LGR)2-[Rh110]
The protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi that causes South American trypanosomiasis expresses peptidases during its entire parasitic life cycle. Understanding better the function and specificity of the peptidases may lead to new inhibitors and potential therapies. It has been shown this alkaline peptidase has a preference for basic amino acids at position one and position two of the substrate. The sequence Leu-Gly-Arg was shown to have a high Km and high Vmax compared to other peptides tested.Provided here is a fluorogenic peptide substrate for Trypanosoma cruzi alkaline peptidase. In its entire state, this peptide is not fluorescent. However, this peptide is cleaved by T. cruzi alkaline peptidase. Upon rhodamine 110 fluorophore release, fluorescence can then be detected. This peptide, therefore, allows for the quantification of T. cruzi alkaline peptidase activity. Rhodamine 110 is a widely used red fluorescent probe.Molecular weight:1,250.6 g/molHistone H3 (1-21)
Histone H3 (1-21) is derived from Histone 3 (H3) which is one of the four core histones (H2A, H2B, H3 and H4) fundamental in compacting eukaryotic DNA into a structure known as the nucleosome. The nucleosome arises when 147 base pairs of DNA wrap around a H3-H4 tetramer and two H2A-H2B dimers, forming the histone octamer core. Both H4 and H3 are highly conserved and perform roles in binding to segments of DNA which enter and leave the nucleosome and in chromatin formation. Similar to the other core histone, H3 has a globular domain and a flexible N-terminal domain, 'histone tail' which can undergo modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation and ubiquitination. Due to histones containing a large number of lysine and arginine residues they have a positive net charge which interacts in an electrostatic manner with the negatively charged phosphate groups in DNA. The transcriptional activation or silencing of the chromatin is controlled by ATP-dependent chromatin remodelling factors and histone modifying enzymes which target histone proteins. Both processes function to alter the positioning of the nucleosome, allowing the DNA it to be either available or inaccessible to the transcription machinery.Histone H3 (1-21) has been utilised in research as a substrate for methyltransferase (Histone 3 K4 and K9) and acetyltransferase (Histone 3 K9 and K14) assays. Histone H3 (1-21) and these assays have already provided vital insights into the role's modifications play on the core histone functions. However, with so many histone modifications in different conditions still to be characterised the histone H3 (1-21) peptide still has a lot of insight to provide in the field.Molecular weight:2,253.3 g/molElf18
Translation elongation factor thermo unstable (EF-Tu), is a highly conserved protein in bacteria which is essential for the synthesis of new proteins through translation in the ribosome. EF-Tu is also a pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP) protein. PAMPs are elicitors of plant defences and are recognised by pattern recognition receptors in the plant. In Arabidopsis thaliana EF-Tu is recognised by EF-Tu Receptor (EFR), a leucine-rich repeat-receptor kinase XII family member.Elf18 represents the N-terminal of EF-Tu, the region specifically recognised by Arabidopsis. This N-acetylated peptide is a strong inducer of plant defence responses and results in the biosynthesis of ethylene in leaves which triggers resistance to subsequent infection by pathogenic bacteria.Color and Shape:PowderMolecular weight:2,068.1 g/molSARS-CoV-2 Membrane protein (141-158)
SARS-CoV-2 Membrane protein (141-158)Molecular weight:1,932.1 g/molGlutathione peroxidase 3 Heavy
Glutathione peroxidase-3 (GPx-3) is a plasma protein that scavenges reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the extracellular matrix (ECM). GPx-3 is a member of the selenocysteine-containing GPx family and accounts for nearly all the glutathione peroxidase activity in plasma.GPx-3 is highly expressed in the kidney and epididymis, but is also found localised to specific basement membranes in many tissues. The principal source of plasma GPx-3 is kidney proximal convoluted tubule (PCT) cells and the amount of Gpx3 in the kidney is greater than the amount circulating in the plasma. Deficiencies in GPx-3 impair the reductive metabolism of ROS, which leads to decreases in nitrous oxide (NO) bioavailability resulting in platelet-dependent thrombosis and stroke risk in young individuals. The Leucine residue at position 10 of this peptide is isotopically labelled with carbon-13 (6) and nitrogen-15 (1), giving this peptide a mass increase of 7 compared to the unlabelled peptide.Purity:Min. 95%Molecular weight:1,639.8 g/molGLP-1 (7-36) [Cys(Sulfocyanine5)]
The native form of GLP-1 in humans is the GLP-1 (7-36) amide. GLP-1 (7-36) amide is highly unstable (half-life <-2 minutes) due to proteolytic degradation by the serine protease, dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV). DPP-IV cleaves the N-terminal histidine and alanine residues from GLP-1 to generate two equipotent forms: GLP-1 (9-37) and GLP-1 (9-36) amide. This degradation mitigates against the therapeutic use of GLP-1 itself, therefore DPP-IV-resistant peptide analogues have been developed and licensed for clinical use.Contains a sulfo-Cyanine5 fluorescent dye, an analogy of Cy5® and one of the most popular fluorophores. Sulfo-Cyanine5 is a red emitting fluorescent dye which is highly hydrophilic and water-soluble. Compatible with various equipment such as plate readers, microscopes, and imagers.Color and Shape:PowderMolecular weight:4,162.9 g/mol[Cys]-Galanin (1-30) Human
Galanin (1-30) is an endogenous neuropeptide with endocrine, metabolic and behavioural effects. Galanin has a role in intestinal smooth muscle contraction, insulin and somatostatin release, and synaptic neurotransmission.Galanin is widely distributed in the central nervous, peripheral, and endocrine systems. Galanin's overarching function is as an inhibitory, hyper-polarizing neuromodulator for classical neurotransmitters like acetylcholine and serotonin. Galanin interacts with 3 receptor subtypes, GalR1-3 G protein-coupled receptors inserted into the plasma membrane. GalR1 is believed to activate a Gβγ pathway to regulate MAPK activation. GalR2 can also activate the MAPK pathway, but unlike GalR1, there is detectable inositol phosphate production. GalR3 is associated with the G alpha i/o pathway receptor activation leads to a cellular influx of K+. Each receptor has been associated with neurological diseases such as GalR3 and epilepsy.Galanin protects against various physiological insults in vitro, including excitotoxicity and β-amyloid toxicity. Changes in galanin have been widely studied concerning Alzheimer's disease, and galaninergic neurons are spared in late-stage Alzheimer's relative to non-galaninergic neurones.Galanin (1-30) has been used as an agonist for the GalR2 receptor in vitro for calcium mobilisation assays to understand the role Galanin/GalR2 play in multiple sclerosis.An N-terminal cysteine residue has been included on the galanin (1-30) peptide to allow ease of site-specific conjugation to various molecules.Molecular weight:3,258.6 g/molUromodulin (376-385) Heavy
Uromodulin (186-200) is derived from uromodulin which is produced by the kidney and excreted in the urine. It can be used as a marker of progressive kidney disease and to investigate renal tubular function.Purity:Min. 95%Molecular weight:1,134.6 g/mol
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