Benzenes

<p>2-Bromo-5-hydroxybenzoic acid methyl ester (2BB) is a phenoxy activator that activates the glucokinase activator. It has been shown to have a glucose lowering effect in both animal and human studies. 2BB is orally bioavailable and has an allosteric mode of action, which means it works by binding to the allosteric site on the enzyme's active site, thereby increasing its activity. It binds to the benzamide of glucokinase, which causes an increase in glucose uptake and utilization by cells. 2BB is being studied for use as an oral treatment for type II diabetes mellitus.</p>

<p>2,4,6-Trimethylbenzonitrile (TMBN) is a reactive unsaturated ketone that reacts with phosphorus pentachloride to form the corresponding chloroform. It is used in nucleophilic substitution reactions and can be hydrolyzed by hydrochloric acid to form an n-oxide. The reaction mechanism of TMBN with phosphorus pentachloride has been studied using molecular modeling and NMR spectroscopy. TMBN can be converted into an oxide, which can react with hydrogen chloride to form the corresponding chloroform. Reaction products include the 2,4,6-trichlorobenzonitrile (TCBN), which is a carcinogen.</p>