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An endogenous retinoic acid receptor (RAR) agonist that upregulates forkhead box class O (FoxO) transcription factor. Suppresses activity and proliferation of sebaceous glands. Used for treating nodulocystic acne. Induces differentiation, neurite outgrowth and inhibits proliferation of neuroblastoma cells. A potential chemopreventive agent in non-small cell lung cancer, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and neuroblastoma.

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Dimethyl 4-nitrophthalate is a bioactive molecule that has been found to be effective in inhibiting the growth of bacteria, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Dimethyl 4-nitrophthalate binds to calcium ions in the bacterial cell wall, leading to inhibition of cell division. The biological activity of dimethyl 4-nitrophthalate can be measured by measuring the redox potential and calculating the constant, which is between -0.5 and -1.5 volts. This molecule also has strong anti-inflammatory properties due to its ability to reduce nitric oxide levels in macrophages.

4-N-Butoxycinnamic acid is a chemical compound with the molecular formula CH3(CH2)7COCH=CH(COOH). It belongs to the group of cinnamic acid derivatives, which are organic compounds that may be synthesized by condensation of malonic acid and benzene. 4-N-Butoxycinnamic acid has been shown to have anti-inflammatory properties in animal models. This compound inhibits inflammatory cytokines and their signaling pathways, thereby preventing the translocation of neutrophils into inflamed tissues.

3-Nitrophenylguanidine nitrate is a drug that targets the enzyme kinases, which are involved in the regulation of cell growth and division. It has been shown to inhibit the activity of stromal tumor cells, as well as chronic myeloid leukemia cells. 3-Nitrophenylguanidine nitrate inhibits protein synthesis by inhibiting demethylation and efflux, which enables imatinib to bind to the target site. This drug also has a rapid onset of action and can be used for monitoring chronic myeloid leukemia patients without the need for positron emission tomography (PET) scanning.

5-Nitrovanillin is a white crystalline solid with a molecular formula of C8H7NO2. It reacts with nucleophilic compounds, such as ammonia, in the presence of heat to produce a molecule containing an oxygen atom and two nitro groups. 5-Nitrovanillin has been found to undergo demethylation when heated in the presence of hydroxylamine. Reaction products include protocatechuic acid, nitromethane, and 5-nitrobenzoic acid. This compound can be identified by its characteristic nmr spectrum that includes a hydroxyl group and a hydrogen bond between the nitrogen atom and the hydroxyl group. The chemical ionization mass spectrometer can also be used to identify 5-nitrovanillin.

Fluvastatin is a statin that lowers blood cholesterol and triglycerides by inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase, an enzyme that plays a critical role in the synthesis of cholesterol. Fluvastatin has also been shown to reduce the incidence of myocardial infarction, and to reduce atherosclerotic lesions in animal models, reducing the incidence of cardiovascular disease. Fluvastatin also has been shown to inhibit the activation of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), which may be related to its anti-inflammatory effects. Furthermore, through lowering blood cholesterol, Fluvastatin also inhibits tubulointerstitial injury and prevents renal damage caused by high concentrations of the lipid.

Aspartic acid is an amino acid that belongs to the group of aspartates. It is synthesized in the human body and used in biochemical reactions. Aspartic acid has been shown to play a role in cancer, bowel disease, and fibrosis. The chemical properties of aspartic acid have been studied using various model systems such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and p-nitrophenyl phosphate assay. Aspartic acid is a substrate for the enzyme asparaginase, which converts it into asparagine, another amino acid that can be used by the body.