Pharmaceutical Standards

Applications rac-Naproxen 2-Propyl Ester is an impurity of Naproxen (N377520) an non-steroidal antiinflammatory agent.
References Mermerian, A.H., et al.: J. Am. Chem. Soc., 127, 5604 (2005); Melgar-Fernande., et al.: Tetrahedron. Lett., 46, 1221 (2005);

Applications Tetrahydrocortisol 21-O-(1-Ethoxy Ethyl) Ether-d6 is an isotope labelled intermediate in the synthesis of Tetrahydro Cortisone-d6 (T293377), which is a normal mammalian metabolite of Cortisone (C696500).
References Schneider, et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 183, 365 (1950), Barkemeyer, et al.: Appl. Microbiol., 8, 237 (1960),

Applications A Nicotine metabolite. Carcinogen.

Applications Asomate is an organoarsenic fungicide used for various agricultural goods. Research has shown that arsenic pollution manifested permanently and extensively when asomate was used continuously in apple orchard.
Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package
References Zhao, Z.Y., et al.: Xuanyi. Xueboa., 34, 117 (2007); Kim, N., et al.: Food. Sci. Biotechnol., 14, 554 (2005);

Applications Riluzole N-β-D-Glucuronide is the glucuronide conjugate and metabolite of Riluzole (R510000), a neuroprotective agent.

Applications (S)-7,8-Dihydroxy Efavirenz is a metabolite of (S)-Efavirenz (E425000); a nonnucleoside HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor.
References Young, S. D., et al.: Antimicrob. Ag. Chemother., 39, 2602 (1995); Deng, Y., et al.: J. Sep. Sci., 38, 1529 (2015)

Stability Hygroscopic
Applications 25-​Cyclohexyl-​4'-​O-​de(2,​6-​dideoxy-​3-​O-​methyl-​α-​L-​arabino-​hexopyranosyl)​-​5-​demethoxy-​25-​de(1-​methylpropyl)​-​5-​oxo-avermectin A1a is an intermediate in synthesizing 22,23-Didehydro Selamectin (D439445), an impurity of Selamectin (S247990) which is a topical parasiticide. Selamectin (S247990) is also used as a veterinary antihelminithic agent on animals.
References Eshar, D., et al.: J. Am. Veterin. Med. Association., 241, 1056 (2012); Geis-Asteggiante, L., et al.: J. Chromatograph., 1258, 43 (2012)

Applications A glucuronide of monohydroxylated Warfarin metabolite, 7-Hydroxy Warfarin (H996130).
References Zielinska, A., et al.: J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 324, 139 (2008);

Applications 14,15-Epoxy-25-des(dimethylbutenyl)-25-(1,3-dimethyl-2,3-epoxybutnyl) Moxidectin is a by-product during the synthesis of 3,4-Epoxy-moxidectin (E589045), which is derived from the parent compound Moxidectin (M744800), a macrocyclic lactone and semisynthetic derivative of nemadectin. Moxidectin is a parasiticide used for the prevention and control of heartworm and intestinal worms. Moxidectin is found in veterinary medicine used to treat animals such as dogs, cats, horses, cattle and sheep.Also, it is one of the impurities of Moxidectin under stress conditions.
References Bisset, S.A. et al.: New Zeal. Vet. J., 40, 97 (1992); Monahan, C.M. et al.: Vet. Parasitol., 63, 225 (1996); Glickman, L.T. et al.: Int. J. Appl. Res. Vet. Med., 3, 49 (2005); Awasthi, A., et al.: Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 404, 2203-2222 (2012)

Applications 8-Chloro-6-(2-fluorophenyl)-1-methyl-4H-imidazo[1,5-a][1,4]benzodiazepine-3-carboxylic Acid Methyl Ester is an imidazodiaepine derivative and an impurity of Midazolam (M343000), an anesthetic, anticonvulsant, sedative and hypotic agent.

Applications Nucleosides as antiviral agent for the treatment of influenza; broad-spectrum inhibitor of viruses in the Flaviviridae family.
References Sidwell, R.W., et al.: Appl. Microbiol., 22, 797 (1971), Allen, B., et al.: J. Med. Che,., 18, 721 (1976),

Applications (1S,αS)-trans-Cypermethrin is an impurity in the synthesis of θ-Cypermethrin which a synthetic pyrethroid used as an insecticide in large-scale commercial agricultural applications as well as in consumer products for domestic purposes. It behaves as a fast-acting neurotoxin in insects. Cypermethrin can exhibit a toxic effect on the reproductive system.
References Hu, J., et al.: J. Appl. Toxicol., 33, 576 (2011); Singh, A., et al.: Neurobiol. Aging., 33, 404 (2012); Amer, S., et al.: J. Mut. Res., 155, 135 (1985)

Applications 4,4'-Diamino-2,2'-bipyridine is a bidendate chelator.

Applications Fumitremorgin C is a tremorgenic mycotoxin isolated from Aspergillus fumigatus. Recent research has determined fumitremorgin C as a potent inhibitor of the breast cancer resistance protein BCRP/ABCG2 multidrug transporter.
References Allen, J.D., et al.: Mol. Cancer. Ther., 1, 417 (2002); Jakub, H., et al.: Pharmacol. Res., 65, 312 (2012); Shen, B., et al.: Exp. Ther. Med., 2, 1151 (2011);

Applications N-(1-Ethylpropyl)-N-methyl-β-alanine is a compound useful in organic synthesis.