Glycoscience

<p>Xylose (Xyl) is an aldopentose also known as wood sugar (Collins, 2006). The main sources of xylose are hemicelluloses found in hardwood and perennial plants, such as, grasses, cereals, and herbs (Petzold-Welcke, 2014) and some algae. Xylose is used in the production of xylitol, a low calory sugar substitute. Xylose is used in glycosaminoglycan (GAG) biosynthesis, which is initiated by peptide O-xylosyltransferases, which transfer xylose onto selected serine residues in the core proteins. The first enzyme in the pathway, peptide O-xylosyltransferase, catalyzes the transfer of xylose from uridine diphosphate (UDP)-α-D-xylose onto serine and thus determines the site(s) of GAG attachment on the core protein (Briggs, 2018).</p>

b-Lactopyranosyl phenylisothiocyanate is a synthetic carbohydrate that has been modified with fluorine, methylation, glycosylation, and click chemistry. It is used in the synthesis of saccharides and oligosaccharides. This compound can also be used to modify saccharides or oligosaccharides with fluorine, methylation, glycosylations, or click chemistry.

Methyl alpha-D-mannopyranoside is a methylated sugar used as an inhibitor of lectin-conjugate binding. It is commonly used in protein purification for eluting glycoproteins and other glycoconjugates from affinity chromatography columns of agarose lectin. In addition, Methyl alpha-D-mannopyranoside can be used in the mannosylation of lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) for vaccine or drug delivery which targets Antigen Presenting Cells (APCs) through mannose receptors. Methyl alpha-D-mannopyranoside is also known as Methyl alpha-D-mannoside or alpha-Methyl-D-mannoside.

<p>a1-3-Galactobiose-biotin is a synthetic, fluorinated oligosaccharide that has been modified with 3 biotin molecules. It is synthesized by the glycosylation of 1,3-galactobiose and is used as an intermediate in the synthesis of carbohydrates. The sugar moiety can be modified with different chemical groups and reactions such as methylation or click modification to change its properties.</p>

<p>High purity grade.  Used in synthetic organic chemistry and natural product synthesis. Induces apoptosis by inhibiting the synthesis and increasing the efflux of glutathione. It is used for synthesis of optically active dipyrrolyl alkanols from pyrroles on the surface of montmorillonite KSF clay.Due to its integral role in the formation of DNA, 2-Deoxy-D-ribose is critical in studies of genetic expression, DNA repair mechanisms, and the synthesis of nucleotides. Researchers utilize it extensively in molecular biology and biochemistry to understand cell replication and gene function, and it serves as a standard in research pertaining to oxidative stress, where its degradation may indicate the presence of reactive oxygen species. Additionally, it is involved in the development of various pharmacological agents, particularly those targeting cancer and viral infections, where the synthesis and function of DNA are pivotal aspects of pathogenesis and treatment response.</p>

<p>4-Methylphenyl 3-O-[(4-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-4,6-O-[(R)-phenylmethylene]-1-thio-α-D-mannopyranoside is a synthetic glycosaminoglycan. It is a complex carbohydrate that contains a saccharide and an oligosaccharide bound to each other by an aminosugar link. 4-Methylphenyl 3-O-[(4-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-4,6-O-[(R)-phenylmethylene]-1-thio-α-D mannopyranoside has been synthesized with the use of Click chemistry and fluorination. The CAS number for this compound is 1071226–24–8. This compound was custom synthesized in high purity.</p>

<p>4-Methylphenyl 4,6-O-[bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)silylene]-1-thio-β-D-galactopyranoside is a synthetic sugar that is used in the glycosylation of proteins. It is synthesized from 4-methylphenol and 1,1'-dimethylethylsilylene in the presence of trichlorosilane, followed by silylation with trimethylchlorosilane. The fluorinated site can be modified to suit your needs by following a Click chemistry protocol. This product has CAS No. 1242144-05-3 and is available for custom synthesis upon request.</p>

<p>GD1b (shown as sodium salt) is one of the major gangliosides in neuronal and glial membranes. It has a core tetrasaccharide structure (Galβ1,3GalNAcβ1,4Galβ1,4Glc) with it’s two sialic acids linked α2,3/α2,8 to the inner galactose residue and ceramide linked β to position 1 on the reducing terminal glucose residue (Ledeen, 2009). GD1b acts as a receptor for BK virus as well as for heat-labile LTII-a toxin, produced by enteropathogenic E. coli. GD1b ganglioside also interacts with tetanus neurotoxin (TeNT) and is crucial for its entry into cells (Kolter, 2012).</p>

<p>Hexa-guluronic acid sodium salt (1,4-linked α-L-sodium guluronohexaose) is one of a number of oligosaccharides obtained from alginate which is a polysaccharide in brown seaweeds containing: blocks of repeating mannuronic acid sequences (M-M-M-M etc), repeating guluronic acid sequences (G-G-G-G etc), and alternating M-G-M-G sequences. This oligosaccharide can be released by acid hydrolysis (Shimokawa, 1996) and a number of biological activities have been discussed in a recent review (Xing, 2020).</p>

2,3,5-Tri-O-benzoyl-a-D-arabinofuranosyl bromide is a glycosylation reagent that can be used in the synthesis of polysaccharides and oligosaccharides. It is also used to modify sugars with methyl and fluorination reagents. 2,3,5-Tri-O-benzoyl-a-D-arabinofuranosyl bromide has CAS number 434868 9.

4'-Sulfated Lewis X methyl glycoside sodium is a synthetic monosaccharide. It is used in the synthesis of oligosaccharides and polysaccharides. This compound can be fluorinated to produce 4'-fluoro-4'-sulfated Lewis X methyl glycoside sodium. The sulfate group on this compound can be replaced with other groups such as carboxyl, cyano, nitro, and acetyl.

<p>Propofol-4-Hydroxy-4-D-glucuronide is a fluorinated monosaccharide that has been synthesized using the glycosylation, polysaccharide and modification methods. This compound is a custom synthesis that has been modified with methylation and click chemistry. The CAS number for this product is 54910-87-6. This product is a complex carbohydrate with high purity.</p>

<p>Leucine-​derived gamma-hydroxynitrile glucoside</p>

Lactitol is a sugar alcohol that is used in the food industry as a low-calorie sweetener and preservative. Lactitol has physiological effects such as increasing the glomerular filtration rate and decreasing serum cholesterol levels. It also inhibits inflammatory bowel disease by suppressing the production of proinflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8, which are associated with intestinal inflammation. Lactitol is used as an excipient for tablets or capsules to improve their dissolution properties and to provide bulk. Lactitol does not show any significant toxicity in animal studies and has been shown to be safe for human consumption at up to 15g/day.

<p>2-Amino-3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid is an organic compound. It is a white solid that is soluble in water and polar organic solvents. 2-Amino-3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid is used as an anti-inflammatory agent and for the treatment of arthritis.</p>

2,3,4,6-Tetra-O-benzoyl-D-galactopyranose is a glycoside. It is synthesized by the glycosylation of galactose with benzoic acid chloride in the presence of sodium carbonate. This compound is a natural product that can be found in plants and animals. 2,3,4,6-Tetra-O-benzoyl-D-galactopyranose has been shown to inhibit topoisomerase I and II activity in mammalian cells and induce the uptake of galactose into human adenocarcinoma cells. The yields of this compound are low and it has not been studied extensively due to its limited availability.

<p>2,3-O-Isopropylidene-D-ribonic acid-1,4-lactone is an organic compound that belongs to the class of lactones. It is a chiral molecule with two asymmetric carbons and four stereogenic atoms. This compound can be used for the synthesis of optically active compounds. It is also a precursor for the synthesis of morpholines and phosphonates. 2,3-O-Isopropylidene-D-ribonic acid-1,4-lactone can be synthesized by reacting an enolate with an aldehyde in the presence of a base and acid catalyst. The acid catalyst causes elimination of water from the enolate to produce the desired product.</p>

<p>1,2-O-Isopropylidene-3-deoxy-3-fluoro-a-D-ribofuranose is a custom synthesis. It is a complex carbohydrate that has been modified by methylation and glycosylation. This molecule has been fluorinated to produce a high purity product with the desired properties. The 1,2-O-isopropylidene group provides for increased stability and solubility of the product.</p>

<p>Methyl 2,3,4-tri-O-benzyl-β-D-glucopyranoside is a modified sugar. It can be used in the synthesis of oligosaccharides and polysaccharides. This product is stable to organic solvents and has high purity. Methyl 2,3,4-tri-O-benzyl-β-D-glucopyranoside can be fluorinated by reacting with hydrogen fluoride gas to produce methyl 2,3,4-[tri(trifluoromethyl)oxy]benzyl β D glucopyranoside. The product is also available in the form of click modification (a type of chemical modification). Methyl 2,3,4-tri-O-benzyl-β D glucopyranoside is a custom synthesis that is CAS No. 435680 3.</p>

<p>1,2,3,4-Tetra-O-benzoyl-6-O-tert-butyldiphenylsilyl-b-D-galactopyranose is a modified oligosaccharide that is synthesized and offered at high purity. The chemical name of this compound is 1,2,3,4 tetra O benzoyl 6 O tert butyldiphenylsilyl b D galactopyranose. This compound is fluorinated at the 2 position of the sugar molecule with a silyl group on the 3 position. It has CAS number 1222709-87 6.</p>