Glycoscience

Dextran is α-(1,6)-linked α-D-glucan with α-(1,3)-linked glucose branch points produced by fermentation of Leuconostoc mesenteroides via the action of the enzyme dextransucrase on sucrose.  The main use for native dextran is as an extender in blood transfusions and products having a range of sharp cutoff molecular weights are produced commercially for this and other applications.  A complex of iron with dextran, known as iron dextran, is used as a source of iron for baby piglets which are often anaemic at birth.

3,4-Di-O-acetyl-D-arabinal is a spiroketal monofluoride that is known to be an efficient method for the synthesis of β-unsaturated aldehydes. It can be prepared by the hydration of enantiopure allyl chloroformate followed by reductive elimination with triflic acid and acidic hydrolysis. 3,4-Di-O-acetyl-D-arabinal has been used in the synthesis of biologically active molecules such as polyketides, peptides and natural products.

(5S, 8S, 9S) -8- [(4S) - 2, 2-Dimethyl- 1, 3- dioxolan- 4- yl] - 9- hydroxy- 2, 2- dimethyl- 1, 3, 7- trioxaspiro[4.4] nonan- 6- one is a synthetic molecule that has been modified to include fluorine atoms at the C3 and C4 positions. It is a sugar that is found in many plants and animals. This sugar can be methylated or modified with other molecules to form complex carbohydrates. The ability of this sugar to form oligosaccharides and polysaccharides makes it an important part of carbohydrate metabolism.

Synthetic carbohydrate building block

2,3,4,6-Tetra-O-acetyl-β-D-thiogalactopyranose sodium salt is a high purity custom synthesis sugar with a click modification. The fluorination and glycosylation are carried out to give the desired product. It has CAS No. 73962-00-2 and is a synthetic carbohydrate that can be used in oligosaccharides, monosaccharides, saccharide and complex carbohydrates.

1,2,3,4-Tetra-O-benzoyl-6-O-tert-butyldimethylsilyl-b-D-glucopyranose is a custom synthesis. It is an oligosaccharide that is glycosylated with methyl groups and fluorinated. This product has a purity of >99% and can be used as a substitute for natural glycosides in pharmaceuticals or other applications.

GD2 oligosaccharide is the core trisaccharide structure of the ganglioside GD2 (sodium salt) (GalNAcβ1,4Galβ1,4Glc) with its two sialic acids linked α2,3/α2,8 to the central galactose residue (Ledeen, 2009). GD2 ganglioside is expressed at a low concentration in the central nervous system, nerves, skin melanocytes and stem cells in healthy adults. On the other hand, GD2 ganglioside is overexpressed in a number of tumors, including: neuroblastoma, melanoma, small cell lung carcinoma and brain tumors. Recently, GD2 ganglioside has been found in low concentrations on breast cancer stem cells (CSC) that possess: self-renewal properties (division without disrupting the undifferentiated state) and tumor-initiating capabilities. It has been suggested that GD2 ganglioside may be developed as an effective target antigen for CSC immunotherapy (Fleurence, 2017).