Antifungals

Impurity Ipratropium EP Impurity C
Applications Tropic Acid (Ipratropium EP Impurity C) is a benzoic acid derivative and thus carries anti-fungal properties.
References Amborabe, B.E. et al.: Plant. Phys. Biochem., 40, 1051 (2002);

Applications Rhein 8-Glucoside has been seen to exhibit cytotoxic and DNA-damaging properties towards tumor and normal human cells. In addition it has been shown to be an inhibitor of PTP1B (Human Protein Tyrosine Kinase 1B) in vitro. It is an analog of Rhein (R318500) which is found in the free state and as glucoside in Rheum spp, Polygonaceae (rhubarb) and in Senna leaves. It is a potential antioxidant resource: endophytic fungi from medicinal plants.
References Wanitschke, Pharmacology, 20, Suppl. 1, 21 (1980); Raimondi, L., et al.: Pharmacol. Res. Commun., 14, 103 (1982); Franchi-Micheli, S., et al.: J. Pharm. Pharmacol., 35, 262 (1983); Li, S. et al.: J. Asian Nat. Prod. Res., 8, 281 (2006); Shi, Y.Q. et al.: Anticancer. Res., 21, 2847 (2001);

Applications Potassium Pentathionate Sesquihydrate is potassium salt of Pentathionic acid which is the fungicidal factor of sulfur..
References Young, H., et al.: Science, 67, 19 (1928)

Applications (E)-Cyano(methoxyimino)-acetic Acid is a degradation product of Cymoxanil (C988995), which is a fungicide applied as a seed treatment or as a foliar application to the plants to control late blight.
References Morrica, P., et al.: J. Agric. Food Chem. 52, 99 (2004); Dhingani, J. C., et al.: J. Pure. App. Microbiol., 6, 1683 (2012); Bakirici, G.T., et al.: Food. Chem., 135, 1901 (2012)

Applications 5,6-Dehydromethysticin is a proposed intermediate in the synthesis of 3-Hydroxyhispidin (H943133), a derivative of Hispidin. Hispidin (H436450) is a naturally occuring precursor to fungal luciferin responsible for luminosity in mushrooms.
References Lee, Y. et al.: Biol. Pharm. Bull., 31, 10 (1968); Purtov, K. et al.: Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 54, 8124 (2014);

Applications Difluocortolone is used as a topical therapy in the treatment of pediatric tinea corporis; a common mycotic infection in children.
References Veraldi, S., et al.: J. Dermatol. Treat., 29, 200 (2018)

Applications Bisabolol Oxide B is a metabolite of (-)-α-Bisabolol. In the metabolic pathway was used Glomerella Cingulata, a pathogenic fungus. Bisabolol Oxide A and B are in the composition of chamomile flower.
References Hoelzl, J., et al.: J. Biosci., 30, 853 (1975); Gibson, S.E., et al.: Org. Biomol. Chem., 1, 676 (2003);

Applications R406 is a potent Syk inhibitor which affects Dectin-1-mediated signalling in mammilian cells. R406 thus acts an anti-fungal agent. Also a potential anti-leukemia agent, through modulation of sphingosine-1 phosphate receptor 1 (S1PR1).
References Borge, M. et al.: J. Immunol., 193, 3165 (2014); Kimura, Y. et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 289, 31565 (2014);

Impurity Voriconazole EP Impurity A; Voriconazole USP Related Compound C
Applications 2,4-Difluoro-α-(1H-1,2,4-triazolyl)acetophenone (Voriconazole EP Impurity A; Voriconazole USP Related Compound C) is an antifungal activity, particularly toward Candida albicans and Candida parapsilosis
References Upadhayaya, R., et al.: Eur. J. Med. Chem., 39, 579 (2004), Sheng, C., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 49, 2512 (2006),

Applications An Cysteine prodrug, protective aginst the fungal T-2 toxin. It is also a precursor to pharmaceuticals used in the treatment of cataracts.
References Shirota, F., et al.: Biochem. Pharmacol., 43, 916 (1992), Wlodek, L., et al.: Int. J. Biochem., 25, 107 (1993), Rathbun, W., et al.: Biochem. Pharmacol., 51, 1111 (1996),