Lipids

Applications (8Z,11Z,14Z)-8,11,14-Heptadecatrienoic Acid, is a naturally occurring hydroxylated fatty acid that is found in Acinetobacter species. It acts as a partial agonist of free fatty acid receptor 1 (FFAR1/GPR40) and GPR84 receptors in vitro. It also inhibits bovine hepatic ligase (Ki = 4.4 μM) and mouse kidney mitochondrial medium-chain acyl-CoA synthetase by 48% at a concentration of 40 μM.
References Moss, C.W., et al.: J. Clin. Microbiol. 26(3), 484-492 (1988).; Kaspersen, M.H., et al.: Med. Chem. Commun. 8(6), 1360-1365 (2017).

Applications 3α,6α,7α-Trihydroxy-5β-cholanic Acid is one of the bile acids categorizes under muricholic acid, a group of bile acids found in human urine due to its additional hydroxyl groups. The synthesis of 3α,6α,7α-Trihydroxy-5β-cholanic Acid was shown to be promoted due to overexpression of cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase enzyme.
References Debray, D., et al.: Gastroenterol., 142, 1581 (2012); Li, T.G., et al.: Hepatol., 53, 996 (2011);

Applications 1,2-O-Dihexadecyl-sn-glycerol is used to prepare toll-like Receptor-2 Agonistic Diacylthioglycerol Lipopeptides. It is also used to syntheisze phospholipid analogs and evaluation as phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase inhibitors.
References Wu, W., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 53, 3198 (2010); Young, R., et al.: Eur. J. Med. Chem., 29, 537 (1994)

Applications Labelled all-cis-7,10,13,16,19-Docosapentaenoic Acid, also known as DPA, is a fatty acid derived from fish oils that potently inhibits platelet aggregation. DPA has been reported to block the cyclooxygenase pathway and stimulate the lipoxygenase pathway, which results in effective platelet aggregation inhibition. Peripheral blood mononuclear cell research demonstrates that DPA diminishes cyclooxygenase-2 levels intracellularly and inhibits pro-inflammatory prostaglandin E2 production.
References Ballin, G., et al.: Biol. Plant, 20, 81 (1988), Bigogno, C., et al.: Lipids, 37, 209 (2002), Hu, Q., et al.: Plant J., 54, 621 (2008), Li, M., et al.: Biotechnol. Lett., 33, 1823 (2011),

Applications Cholesterol 5beta,6beta-epoxide is an oxysterol produced as an oxidation product of cholesterol.

Applications 3-β-[N-(N’,N’-Dimethylaminoethane)-carbamoyl]cholesterol is a cationic liposome reagent. It has been investigated in cancer gene therapy and vaccine delivery system.
References Goyal, K., et al.: J. Liposome Res., 5, 49 (1995); Christensen, D., et al.: Exp. Rev. Vac., 10, 513 (2011); Gao, X., et al.: Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm., 179, 280 (1991)

Applications Cholic Acid-d4 is a labelled analog of Cholic acid (C432600) which is a choleretic produced by, and isolated from liver cells.
References Nomoto, M., et al.: Biol. Pharm. Bull., 32, 172 (2009), Simonsen, H., et al.: J. Agric. Food Chem., 57, 2056 (2009), Miyata, M., et al.: Drug Metab. Disposition, 37, 338 (2009),

Applications 1-Monopalmitolein is a component of bitter melons with possible inhibitory effect on the P-glycoprotein activity in intestinal Caco-2 cells. It may also be used as an apoptotic agent in T-cells.
References Konishi, T., et al.: Brit. J. Pharmacol., 143, 379 (2004); Philippoussis, F., et al.: Cell Death and Differentiation, 8, 1103 (2001)

Applications Lactosyl-C18-sphingosine has been found to have a strong interaction with HIV-1 Gp120.
References McReynolds, K.D., et. al.: Bioconjugate Chem., 10, 1021 (1999)

Applications (+)-α-Cyperone is used as an anti-inflammatory agent, isolated from the rhizomes of Cyperus rotundus.
References Jung, S. et al.: J. Ethnopharmacol., 147, 208 (2013);

Applications A major component of green tea, is a dual phosphoinositide-3-kinase/mTOR inhibitor.
References Van Aller, G., et al.: Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 406, 194 (2011),

Applications 1,2-Dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylethanolamine used in the synthesis ultra-thin membranes to facilitate the transfer of islets of Langerhans in the attenuation of early graft loss in avoidance of immunosuppressive therapy. Also used in the synthesis of immunoliposomes containing TAT cells for tumor cell internalization and cytotoxicity.
References Teramura, Y, et al.: Biomat., 34, 2683 (2013); Koren, E. et al.: J. Control. Rel., 160, 264 (2012);