Vitamins

Applications (24S)-24,25-Epoxycholesterol is a derivative of 4β-Hydroxy Cholesterol (H917980), a metabolite of Cholesterol. It is formed from Cholesterol by the drug-metabolizing enzyme cytochrome P 450 3A4. A potential ligand for the nuclear receptor LXR and also a new endogenous CYP3A marker.
References Breuer, O., et al.: J. Lipid Res., 36, 2275 (1995), Pikuleva, I., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 273, 18153 (1998), Chawla, A., et al.: Science, 294, 1866 (2001), Bodin, K., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 276, 38685 (2001),

Stability Light Sensitive
Applications CDDO Imidozolide (CDDO-Im) is a synthetic triterpenoid CDDO-Im inhibits fatty acid synthase expression and has antiproliferative and proapoptotic effects in human liposarcoma cells. Studies show that CDDO-Im is highly active in suppressing cellular proliferation of human leukemia and breast cancer cell lines as well as being an effective therapeutic agent in the treatment of other types of cancers.
References Hughes, D.T. et al.: Cancer Invest., 26, 118 (2008); Place, A.E. et al.: Clin. Cancer Res., 9, 2798 (2003); Samudio, I. et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 280, 36273 (2005);

Applications AC 55649 is a potent and selective RARβ2 receptor agonist (1). RARβ2 receptor agonists are potential drug candidates for developing treatment for type 2 diabetes and hepatic steatosis (2).
References (1) Lund, B. W., et al.: J Med Chem. 48, 7517 (2005) (2) Trasino, S. E., et al.: Diabetes Obes Metab. 18, 142 (2016)

Applications 1-O-Hexadecyl-sn-glycerol restores plasmalogen levels in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells and human pulmonary arterial endothelial cells (PAEC). Plasmalogen may play a role in protecting animal cells against photosensitized killing.
References Zoeller, R., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 263, 11590 (1988); Zoeller, R., et al.: Am. J. Physiol., 283, H671 (2002)

Applications A cell-permeable, selective and irreversible PPARγ antagonist (IC50 = 3.3 nM, 32 nM, and 2 µM for PPARγ, PPARα, and PPARδ, respectively). Reported to covalently modify a cysteine residue in the binding site of PPAR. At a concentration of 10 µM, also acts as an agonist of human pregnane X receptor (PXR) and farnesoid X receptor (FXR). Does not activate liver X receptor-a (LXRa), retinoic acid receptor (RAR), retinoid X receptor-a (RXRa) and thyroid receptors a and b (TRa and TRb
References Huang, J.T., et al.: Nature, 400, 378 (1999), Wilson, T.M., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 43, 527 (2000), Leesnitzer, L.M., et al.: Biochemistry, 41, 6640 (2002)

Applications Isotope labelled d3; 1,4-Dihydro-1,4-dioxo-2-methylnaphthalene-d3; (Vitamin K3), precursor to various types of Vitamin K. Used as a micronutrient for livestock and pet foods.
References Sakamoto, S., et al.: Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 396, 2955 (2010), Gohil, V., et al.: Nat. Biotechnol., 28, 249 (2010), Hu, W., et al.: Anal. Biochem., 398, 245 (2010),

Applications Auraptene is a natural bioactive monoterpene coumarin ether. Auraptene has shown a remarkable effect in the prevention of degenerative diseases.
References Brunhofer, G., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem., 20, 669 (2012); Furukawa, Y., et al.: Int. J. Mole. Sci., 13, 5338 (2012);

Applications (20S)-Protopanaxatriol acts as an inhibitor in the production of corticosteroids in fasciculata cells. Used in the clinical treatment of heart diseases.
References Hasegawa, E. et al.: Life Sci., 92, 687 (2013); Wang, X. et al.: Pathobiol., 79, 285 (2012);

Applications SR9243 is used in new compounds targeting warburg effcts, killing cancer cells and inhibiting lipid production.
References Anon.: Cancer Discovery, 5, 898 (2015)

Stability Light Sensitive, Temperature Sensitive
Applications The vitamin that mediates intestinal calcium absorbtion, bone calcium metabolism and probably, muscle activity. Occurs in and is isolated from fish liver oils. Vitamin D acts through a receptor that is a member of the ligand-dependent transcription factor superfamily. Modulates the proliferation and differentiation of both normal and cancer cells. Has antiproliferative and antimetastatic effects on breast, colon, and prostate cancer cells. Activated vitamin D receptors in intestine and bone maintain calcium absorbance and homeostasis.
Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package
References Haussler, R., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 247, 2328 (1972), Holick, M.F., Rec. Res. Canc. Res., 164, 3 (2003), Palmer, H.G., et al.: Cancer Res., 63, 7799 (2003), Welsh, J., et al.: J. Nutr., 133, 2425S (2003),

Applications The main metabolite of Vitamin D3. It has potent biological activity. Vitamin D3-sulfate had <5% of the activity of vitamin D3 to mobilize Ca from bone and .apprx.1% of the ability of Vitamin D3 to stimulate Ca transport, elevate serum P, or support bone calcification.
References Bell, P.A., et al.: Biochem. J., et al.: 115, 663 (1969), Kumar, R.S., et al.: J. Clin. Invest., 65, 277 (1980), Reeve, L.E. , et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 256, 823 (1981), Armas, L., et al.: J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 89, 5387 (2004),