Valproic Acid and Impurities

Applications Antiepileptic; increases levels of -aminobutyric acid(GABA) in the brain. Anticonvulsant that also has efficacy as a mood stabilizer in bipolar disorder.
References Chang, Z.L., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 8, 529 (1979), Della Paschoa, O.E., et al.: Br. J. Pharmacol., 125, 1610 (1998), Grimes, C.A., et al.: J. Neirochem., 73, 1384 (1999), Loscher, W., Prog. Neurobiol., 58, 31 (1999),

Applications Valproic Acid Ethyl Ester is the ethyl ester derivative of one of the major antiepileptic drugs, Valproic Acid (V094750). It has potential to be used as a biofuel, has a pleasant odor, and displays marked resistance to clouding and crystallization.
References Redecker, C., et al.: Neuropharmacology, 39, 254 (2000); Fontana, J.D., et al.: J. Chromatogr. Sci., 47, 808 (2009)

Impurity Valproic Acid USP Related Compound A
Applications Diallylacetic Acid (Valproic Acid USP Related Compound A), is a metabolite of Valproic Acid (V094750) as anticonvulsant agents. It can also be used for the synthesis of Velbanamine.
References Liu, H., et al.: Beilstein J. Org. Chem., 9, 983 (2013); Loscher, W., Prog. Neurobiol., 58, 31 (1999); Netzeva, T., et al.: Pharmac. Res., 17, 727 (2000);

Impurity Valproic Acid USP Related Compound B
Applications A constitutional isomer of Valproic acid; a potent anticonvulsant. Sodium valproate impurity C. Valproic Acid USP Related Compound B.
References Levy, R., et al.: Pharm. Res., 8, 551 (1991), Barton, M., et al.: Epilepsy Res., 47, 217 (2001), Fox, A., et al.: Pain, 105, 355 (2003), Archer, D., et al.: Anesth. Analg., 104, 180 (2007),

Applications 2-Ethyl-2-methylpentanoic Acid is a derivative of 2,5-Dimethyl-2-ethylhexanoic Acid (D461540), used in biological studies to evaluate environmental chemicals for estrogenicity.
References Rabinowitz, J.R., et al.: Chem. Res. Toxicol.,22, 1594 (2009); Judson, R., et al.: Environ. Health Perspect, 117, 685 (2009)

Applications 2-Methyl-Pentanoic acid is a useful building block for organic synthesis.
Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package

Applications Malonic Acid, is a small bioactive molecule, that can be used in variuos reactions. It is the classic example of a competitive inhibitor, which acts against succinate dehydrogenase (complex II) in the respiratory electron transport chain.
References Weiner, N., "Malonic acid", Org. Synth.; Coll. Vol. 2: 376;