Enzymes in Recombinant Proteins

<p>Ribonuclease T1 is an endonuclease enzyme, which is derived from the fungus Aspergillus oryzae. It specifically cleaves single-stranded RNA at the 3' end of guanosine residues, which involves hydrolyzing the phosphodiester bond to produce 3′-phosphomononucleotides and 5′-hydroxylated oligonucleotides. This enzyme’s high specificity and catalytic efficiency make it valuable for various applications.</p>

<p>Ribonuclease A (RNase A) is widely used to break down RNA in DNA purification. RNase A catalyzes the endonucleolytic cleavage of phosphodiester bonds of RNA.</p>

Amidase (EC 3.5.1.4) is a hydrolase acting on carbon-nitrogen bonds in linear amides and can be used in the hydrolysis of amides to acids. Amidase 02 is of bacterial origin (R. erythropolis and has been produced in E.coli).

<p>Cellulose catalase is an enzyme-based product, designed specifically to act as a catalyst in the oxidative processes associated with cellulose applications. It is derived from a microbial source, where bacilli or fungi are employed to produce robust catalase enzymes in a fermentation process. The mode of action involves the catalase enzyme’s ability to facilitate the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen, thereby reducing oxidative damage during cellulose processing.</p>

<p>Citrate synthase (E.C. 2.3.3.1) is an enzyme that catalyzes the following reaction: acetyl-CoA + oxaloacetate + H2O → citrate + CoA-SHOne unit of citrate synthase will form 1.0 μmole of citrate from acetyl-CoA and oxalacetate per min at pH 8.0 and 37 °C.Origin is porcine heart.Molecular weight ~ 49kDa (monomer) and  ~ 98kDa (dimer)</p>

<p>Recombinant Isocitrate Dehydrogenase is a bioengineered enzyme, which is derived from microbial or eukaryotic expression systems designed to mirror its naturally occurring form. This enzyme catalyzes the oxidative decarboxylation of isocitrate to alpha-ketoglutarate, utilizing NADP+ as a cofactor in the process. Its mode of action involves the conversion of isocitrate to alpha-ketoglutarate with the concomitant reduction of NADP+ to NADPH.</p>

<p>Diaphorase (lipoyl dehydrogenase, EC 1.8.1.4) is an NAD+/NADH-dependent oxidoreductase. One unit of diaphorase will convert 1.0 μmole NADH into NAD+ the presence of substrate at pH 7.5 and 25 °C.</p>

<p>Lipoxidase is an enzyme, which is typically sourced from various plant tissues, animals, and some microorganisms. It functions by catalyzing the oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids in the presence of oxygen. This enzymatic action results in the formation of lipid hydroperoxides, which are key intermediates in various biochemical pathways, including those involved in cell signaling and the modulation of gene expression.</p>

<p>Chymase (alternative names mast cell protease 1, mast cell serine proteinase, skeletal muscle protease, EC 3.4.21.39) is a serine protease, found in mast cells and basophil granulocytes.</p>

Proteinase, Bacillus subtilis, sutilain is a proteolytic enzyme, which is derived from the bacterium Bacillus subtilis. This enzyme exhibits a serine-type mechanism of action, characterized by its ability to cleave peptide bonds in proteins efficiently. It catalyzes the hydrolysis of proteins into peptides and amino acids, facilitating the breakdown of complex proteins into simpler, soluble forms.

<p>Aconitase catalyzes isomerization of citrate to isocitrate via cis-aconitate. Systemic enzyme name is aconitate hydratase; EC 4.2.1.3.</p>

<p>Urate Oxidase, also known as uricase, catalizes the following reaction: Uric acid + O2 + H2O → 5-hydroxyisourate + H2O2.</p>

<p>Specific activity: &gt;500 units/mg-protein.Unit definition: One unit will polymerize 1.0 micro mole of ADP, releasing 1.0 micro mole of inorganic phosphate in 15 minutes at pH 9.1 at 37 °C.</p>

Aminopeptidase I is a specialized proteolytic enzyme derived from the actinobacterium Streptomyces griseus. This enzyme functions by catalyzing the cleavage of amino acids from the N-terminus of peptides, which plays a pivotal role in protein metabolism and regulation. The source of this enzyme, Streptomyces griseus, is well-regarded for producing a variety of bioactive compounds owing to its rich genetic and biochemical repertoire.

Carboxypeptidase Y (EC 3.4.16.1) is an exopeptidase enzyme. It hydrolyzes peptide bonds of C-terminal residues and it remains active in the presence of urea at low to moderate concentrations. One unit of the Carboxypeptidase Y will hydrolyze 1.0 μmole of a chromogenic peptide substrate, releasing C-terminal alanine and generating a light-absorbing product. Carboxypeptidase Y has been obtained from yeast S. cerevisiae, has a broad substrate specificity and can therefore be used in sequence analysis of proteins. Carboxypeptidase Y has a temperature optimum in the 20 – 30 °C range and pH optimum between pH 6 and 7.

<p>Lipases belong to the family of esterases and naturally act on triglycerides at lipid-water interfaces. Lipases/esterases can be used as versatile tools in hydrolytic reactions, esterifications and transesterification reactions in industrial and food applications. The CalB01 lipase has a temperature optimum in the 40 - 50 °C range and pH optimum between pH 5 and 8.</p>

<p>Ubiquitin Conjugating enzyme E2C (other names UBE2C, UBCH10, dJ447F3.2, ubiquitin conjugating enzyme E2 C; EC 2.3.2.24) is an essential mediator of mitotic destruction events and cell cycle progression. It catalyzes the destruction of cyclins A and B in conjunction with the anaphase-promoting complex, and therefore, plays an important role in the control of the cell exit from mitosis This activity is essential at then end of mitosis for the inactivation of their partner kinase Cdc2 and exit from mitosis into G1 of the next cell cycle. In addition, UBE2C bears homology to yeast PAS2, a gene that is essential for biogenesis of peroxisomes. UBE2C is useful for in vitro ubiquitinylation reactions.</p>

<p>Thermostable β-Glucanase 2 is an enzyme that hydrolases β-Glucans into glucose. One unit of β-Glucanase 2 will produce 1.0 μmole of glucose from β-glucan per minute at pH 5.8 and 70 °C.</p>

<p>Neuron-specific enolase human (ENO2, Enolase 2, Neural enolase, Gamma-enolase, Phosphopyruvate hydratase, 2-phospho-D-glycerate hydro-lyase; EC 4.2.1.11) is the enzyme that is catalyzes the following reaction:  2-phospho-D-glycerate ⇌ phosphoenolpyruvate + H2O  One unit of enolase will convert 1.0 μmole of 2-phosphoglycerate to phosphoenolpyruvate per min.</p>