Aminoacids and derivatives

<p>Applications (S)-Carbidopa Methyl Ester N-cyclohexylideneis an impurity of Carbidopa (C175915), a prodrug inhibitor of aromatic amino acid decarboxylase.<br>References Sletzinger, M., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 6, 101 (1963)<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications L-Glutamic Acid, Magnesium Salt Hydrobromide is an metabolite of L-Glutamic acid, a non-essential amino acid. Its salt form (glutamate) is an important neurotransmitter that plays a key role in long-term potentiation and is important for learning and memory. It is also a key molecule in cellular metabolism. L-Glutamic Acid, Magnesium Salt Hydrobromide has also been investigated for sedative properties as a tranquilizer.<br>References McEntee, W., et al.: Psychopharmacology, 111, 391 (1993), Manev, H., et al.: Mol. Pharmacol., 36, 106 (1989), Hamanaka, T., et al.: Toho. Igakkai. Zasshi., 20, 663 (1973);<br></p>

<p>Applications L-Glutamine-2,3,3,4,4-d5 is the isotope labelled analog of L-Glutamine (G597000); an essential amino acid that is a crucial component of culture media that serves as a major energy source for cells in culture. L-Glutamine is very stable as a dry powder and as a frozen solution. In liquid media or stock solutions, however, L-glutamine degrades relatively rapidly. Optimal cell performance usually requires supplementation of the media with L-glutamine prior to use.<br>References Rivett, A., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 260, 300 (1985); Watford, M., et al.: Metabolism, 49, 141 (2000); Wilmore, D., et al.: J. Nutr., 131, 2543S (2001)<br></p>

<p>Applications Methyl 6-aminohexanoate is used as a reagent to synthesize straight chain hydroxamates, compounds that act as inhibitors of Human Histone Deacetylase (HDAC) that have the potential to treat cancer. Methyl 6-aminohexanoate is also sometimes used as a spacer unit for peptide synthesis.<br>References Matthews, S., et al.: J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Commun., 17, 1809 (1995); Remiszewski, S., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 45, 753 (2002)<br></p>

<p>Applications Labelled DL-Serine is used in the synthesis of novel tryptoline derivatives as IDO (indoleamine 2,3-Deoxygenase) inhibitors, for potential use in Alzheimer’s treatment.<br>References Tanaka, M. et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem., 21, 1159 (2013);<br></p>

<p>Stability Decomposes under acidic condition, Hygroscopic<br>Applications 1,1’-Ethylidenebis[L-tryptophan] is a L-tryptophan (T947210) contaminant found in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with functional somatic syndromes.<br>References Barth, H., et al.: Clin. Experiment. Inmmunol., 126, 187 (2001); Simat, T.J., et al.: Adv. Experi. Med. Biol., 467, 469 (1999);<br></p>

<p>Applications L-Homocysteine Thiolactone Hydrochloride is used to prepare substituted homocysteine analogs as inhibitors of peptidylglycine α-amidating monooxygenase. It is also used to synthesize (mercaptoacyl)alanylprolines as metalloprotease inhibitors.<br>References Erion, M., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 37, 4430 (1994); Slusarchyk, W., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 5, 753 (1995)<br></p>

<p>Applications 4-Aminobutyl-d8 Guanidine is the labelled analog of the decarboxylation product of the amino acid arginine (A769500) and also an intermediate in polyamine biosynthesis.<br>References Golding, B.T., et al.: Biochem. Soc. Trans., 22, 391S (1994);<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications rac Kynurenine-d4 Trifluoroacetic Acid Salt is the isotope labelled analog of rac Kynurenine (K661000) which is a tryptophan metabolite.<br>References Swartz, K., et al.: J. Neurosci., 10, 2965 (1990), Hasegawa, H., et al.: Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 377, 886 (2003), Tsai, Y., et al.: Anal. Biochem., 319, 34 (2003), Mitsuhashi, S., et al.: Anal. Chim. Acta, 584, 315 (2007),<br></p>

<p>Applications N-Methyl Lacosamide is the methly analogue of Lacosamide (L098500), a medication used for the adjunctive treatment of partial-onset seizures and diabetic neuropathic pain. Lacosamide is a potent anticonvulsant.<br>References Lees, G., et al.: Brain Res., 612, 190 (1993), Kuo, C., et al.: Mol. Pharmacol., 51, 1077 (1997); Barton, M., et al.: Epilepsy Res., 47, 217 (2001); Beyreuther, B., et al.: Eur. J. Pharmacol., 539, 64 (2006); Beyreuther, B., et al.: CNS Drug Rev., 13, 21 (2007)<br></p>

<p>Applications Minor Cisapride (C496400) metabolite.<br>References Meuldermans, W., et al.; Drug Metab. Disposition, 16, 410 (1988), Lowry J., et al.; Clin. pharmacol. ther., 73, 209 (2003), Shao L., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 19, 5679 (2009),<br></p>

<p>Applications N-Methyl-N-nitroso-1-octadecylamine was found to present in various hair-care products when investigated through thermal energy analyzer.<br>References Morrison, J.B., et al.: Food. Chem. Toxicol., 21, 69 (1983); Rainey, W.T., et al.: Biomed. Mass. Spec., 5, 395 (1978);<br></p>

<p>Applications Betaine, is the product of the enzyme oxidation of choline. It can also be used as an organic osmolytes. Betain is a methyl donor of increasingly recognized significance in biology. It can also be used for the treatment of homocystinuria which is an inherited disorder of the metabolism of amino acid methionine.<br>References J. Biol. Chem., 234, 1171 (1959); Alex, N. et al.: Org. Chem., (1987); Rees, W. et al.: Biochem., 32, 137 (1993);<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Essential cofactor of fatty acid metabolism; required for the transport of fatty acids through the inner mitochondrial membrane. Synthetized primarily in the liver and kidney; highest concentrations found in heart and skeletal muscle. Dietary sources include red meat, dairy products, beans, avocado.<br>References Mitchell, M.E., et al.: Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 31, 293 (1978), Lango, R., et al.: Cardiovasc. Res., 51, 21 (2001), Vaz, F.M., et al.: Biochem. J., et al.: 361, 417 (2002), Karlic, H., et al.: Nutrition, 20, 709 (2004),<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Carbocisteine Lactam is an impurity of the mucolytic agent Carbocisteine (C178760).<br>References Anonymous., et al.: Biochem. J., 219, 345 (1984); Sanger, F., et al.: Biochem. J., 59, 509 (1955); Hekman, C., et al.: J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 20, 763 (1999);<br></p>