Steroids and Derivatives

<p>Impurity Fluocinolone Acetonide EP Impurity D<br>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Fluocinolone acetonide-21-aldehyde, is a derivative of Fluocinolone Acetonide (F455800), which is a Corticosteroid, used in dermatology to reduce skin inflammation and relieve itching.<br>References Sammul, et al.: J. Assoc. Off. Agric. Chem., 47, 952 (1964), Emerson, M.V., et al.: BioDrugs, 21, 245 (2007),<br></p>

<p>Applications 5-Androsten-3,17-dione has been used in the synthetic preparation of androstenediones for treatment of hormone-related disorders.<br>References Davies, H., et al.: U.S. (2011), WO 2011127232 A2<br></p>

<p>Impurity Budesonide EP Impurity C, Budesonide Impurity C,<br>Applications 16α,17-[(1RS)-butylidenebis(oxy)]-11β-hydroxy-17-(hydroxymethyl)-D-homoandrosta-1,4-diene-3,17a-dione (Budesonide EP Impurity C) is an impurity of Budesonide (B689490), an antiinflammatory agent.<br>References Ferraboschi, P. et al.: J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 47, 636 (2008);<br></p>

<p>Applications A deuterated metabolite of Atorvastatin, a selective, competitive HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor. Atorvastatin is the only drug in its class specfically indicated for lowering both elevated LDL-cholesterol and triglycerides in patients with hypercholesterolemia.<br>References Smith, S., et al.: Am. J. Cardiol., 80, 10H (1997), Jacobsen, W., et al.: Drug Metab. Dispos., 28, 1369 (2000), Istvan, E., et al.: Science, 292, 1160 (2001), Tabernero, L., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 278, 19933 (2003), Bratton, L., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem., 15, 5576 (2007),<br></p>

<p>Applications N-[4-Nitro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-propanamide is an impurity of flutamide (F598850). Flutamide is a nonsteroidal antiandrogen drug; antineoplastic (hormonal).<br>References Neri, et al.: Endocrinology, 91, 427 (1972), Sogani, P.C., et al.: J. Urol., 122, 640 (1979), Greenway, B.A., et al.: Br. Med. J., 316, 1935 (1998),<br></p>

<p>Applications Dutasteride α-Dimer is a dimer impurity of Dutasteride (D735000); a dual inhibitor of 5α-reductase isoenzymes type 1 and 2. Dutasteride is structurally related to Finasteride (F342000) and is used in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia.<br>References Bakshi, R.K., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 38, 3189 (1995); Gisleskog, P.O., et al.: Brit. J. Clin. Pharmacol., 47, 53 (1999); Djavan, B., et al.: Expert Opin. Pharmacother., 6, 311 (2005)<br></p>

<p>Applications A 17β-estradiol ester as prodrug of Estradiol (E888000).<br>References Kabasakalian, P., et al.: J. Pharm. Sci., 55, 642 (1966), Marsh, M., et al.: Br. Med. Bull., 48, 426 (1992),<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic, Unstable in Solution<br>Applications (αR,​1S,​3S,​4R)​-α,​4-​Dimethyl-​2-​oxo-​3-​(3-​oxobutyl)​-​cyclohexaneacetic Acid is an impurity of Artemisin (A777500), an active antimalarial constituent of the tradional Chinese medicinal herb Artemisia annua L., Compositae, which has been known for almost 2000 years as Qinghao. Antimalarial.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Klayman, D.L., et al.: Science, 228, 1049 (1985), Price, R.N., et al.: Expert Opin. Invest. Drugs, 9, 1815 (2000), Meshnick, S.R., et al.: Int. J., Parasitol., 32, 1655 (2002),<br></p>

<p>Applications Isotope labelled 17β-Estradiol (E888000), which is the major estrogen (1) secreted by the premenopausal ovary (2).Drinking water contaminant candidate list 3 (CCL 3) compound as per United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), environmental, and food contaminants.<br>References 1. Salole, E. et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs. 1986 15, 23 283-3182. Lievertz, R. et al.: Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 1987 May;156(5):1289-93.<br></p>

<p>Applications A synthetic, anabolic steroid. Used to promote muscle growth and combat involuntary weight loss. It has also been used to treat cases of osteoporosis.<br>References Cadwallader, A., et al.: Mol. Pharm., 7, 689 (2010), Amundson, E., et al.: J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metabol., 95, 1355 (2010), Bovee, T., et al.: J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol., 118, 85 (2010), Fourches, D., et al.: Chem. Res. Toxicol., 23, 171 (2010),<br></p>

<p>Applications A metabolite of Cholesterol. It is formed from Cholesterol by the drug-metabolizing enzyme cytochrome P 450 3A4. A potential ligand for the nuclear receptor LXR and also a new endogenous CYP3A marker.<br>References Breuer, O., et al.: J. Lipid Res., 36, 2275 (1995), Pikuleva, I., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 273, 18153 (1998), Chawla, A., et al.: Science, 294, 1866 (2001), Bodin, K., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 276, 38685 (2001),<br></p>

<p>Impurity Clobetasol Propionate EP Impurity D<br>Applications 21-Chloro-9-fluoro-11β,17-dihydroxy-16β-methylpregn-4-ene-3,20-dione 17-Propionate (Clobetasol Propionate EP Impurity D) is an impurity of Clobetasol 17-Propionate (C583500), an topical corticosteroid with anti-inflammatory properties.<br>References Olsen, E.A., et al.: J. Am. Acad. Dermatol., 15, 246 (1986),<br></p>

<p>Applications A metabolite of Atorvastatin, a selective, competitive HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor. Atorvastatin is the only drug in its class specfically indicated for lowering both elevated LDL-cholesterol and triglycerides in patients with hypercholesterolemia.<br>References Smith, S., et al.: Am. J. Cardiol., 80, 10H (1997), Jacobsen, W., et al.: Drug Metab. Dispos., 28, 1369 (2000), Istvan, E., et al.: Science, 292, 1160 (2001), Tabernero, L., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 278, 19933 (2003), Bratton, L., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem., 15, 5576 (2007),<br></p>

<p>Impurity Estradiol EP Impurity C<br>Applications 4-Methyl Estradiol (Estradiol EP Impurity C) is an impurity of Estradiol (E888000).<br>References Zhu, B., et al.: Steroids, 70, 225 (2005), Enmark, E., et al.: J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 82, 4258 (1997),<br></p>

<p>Applications (7α,11α,12α,17α)-11,12-Epoxy-17-hydroxy-3-oxo-pregn-4-ene-7,21-dicarboxylic Acid Lactone, Methyl Ester is an impurity of eplerenone (E588775). Eplerenone is a selective aldosterone receptor antagonist (SARA), structurally similar to Spiranolactone. Eplerenone is used alone or in combination with other medications to treat high blood pressure. Eplerenone is in a class of medications called mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists. It works by blocking the action of aldosterone, a natural substance in the body that raises blood pressure.<br>References de Gasparo, M., et al.: J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 240, 650 (1987), Delyani, J.A., et al.: Cardiovasc. Drug Rev., 19, 185 (2001), Burgess, E., et al.: Expert. Opin. Pharmacother., 5, 2573 (2004), Ravis, W.R., et al.: J. Clin. Pharmacol., 45, 810 (2005),<br></p>

<p>Applications The 17β-metabolite of Equilin (E592800).<br>References Enmark, E., et al.: J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 82, 4258 (1997), Wang, Z., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 43, 2419 (2000), Jiang, X., et al.: Steroids, 71, 334 (2006),<br></p>