Steroids and Derivatives

<p>Applications Tasimelteon is a novel drug, used in the treatment of non-24 hour sleep-wake disorder. It helps to correct the circadian rhythm disorder often seen in patients who are visually impaired.<br>References Lahon, J. et al.: World. J. Pharm. Res., 3, 1521 (2014);<br></p>

<p>Impurity Budesonide EP Impurity J<br>Applications 9α-Bromobudesonide (Budesonide EP Impurity J) is an impurity of Budesonide (B689460), a non-halogenated glucocorticoid intended for the local treatment of lung disease.<br>References Ryrfeldt, Å., et al.: Eur. J. Respir. Dis., 122, 86 (1981); Vestbo, J., et al.: Lancet, 353, 1819 (1999)<br></p>

<p>Applications Labelled Estradiol (E888000) derivative. An estrogen.<br>References Salole, E.G., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 15, 283 (1986), Lievertz, R.W., et al.: Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol., 156, 1289 (1987),<br></p>

<p>Applications N-Des(1,1-dimethylethyl) N-Cyclohexyl Finasteride is an impurity of Finasteride (F342000); an inhibitor of 5α-reductase which is the enzyme that converts testosterone to the more potent androgen 5α-dihydrotestosterone.Also an antialopecia agent.<br>References Koronkowski, M.J., et al.: Pharmacotherapy, 13, 309 (1993); Tenover, J.L., et al.: Clin. Ther., 19, 243 (1997); McConnell, J.D., et al.: N. Engl. J. Med., 338, 557 (1998)<br></p>

<p>Impurity Levonorgestrel EP Impurity H<br>Applications 6β-Hydroxylevonorgestrel (Levonorgestrel EP Impurity H) is an impurity from the synthesis of Levonorgestrel (N689510), an oral contraceptive.<br>References Hu. S.H., et al.: Steroids., 63, 88 (1998); Nash, H.A., et al.: J. Pharma. Sci., 93, 2420 (2004); Choudhary, M.I., et al.: Natural. Prod. Res., 20, 1074 (2006);<br></p>

<p>Applications Fulvestrant 17-Ketone, is an impurity of Fulvestrant (F862500), a novel steroidal estrogen antagonist reported to lack any partial agonist activity. Antineoplastic (hormonal).<br>References Wakeling, A.E., et al.: Cancer Res., 51, 3867 (1991), Howell, A., et al.: Br. J. Cancer, 74, 300 (1996), Robertson, J.F., et al.: Cancer Res., 61, 6739 (2001),<br></p>

<p>Applications Dexamethasone Oxetanone is a potent antiglucocorticoid.<br>References Lamontagne, N., et al.: Endocrinology, 114, 2252 (1984);<br></p>

<p>Applications Testosterone (T155000) derivative.<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Prednisolone 21-Sulfate is a metabolite of Prednisolone (P703740).<br>References Hutzler, J., ET AL.: Drug Metab. Dispos., 30, 355 (2002), Sugiyama, D., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 278, 43489 (2003), Hagenbuch, B., et al.: Xenobiotica, 38, 778 (2008),<br></p>

<p>Applications A potential metabolite of Exemestane (E957000).<br>References Buzzetti, F., et al.: Steroids, 58, 527 (1993),<br></p>

<p>Applications Topical anti-inflammatory agent. Glucocorticoid.<br>References Stache, U., et al.: Arzneim.-Forsch., 35, 1753 (1985),<br></p>

<p>Applications Mestranol (M258755) derivative. It is used as contraceptive.<br>References Cullen, L.F., et al.: J. Pharma. Sci., 57, 1857 (1968),<br></p>

<p>Applications A metabolite of Cholesterol. It is formed from Cholesterol by the drug-metabolizing enzyme cytochrome P 450 3A4. A potential ligand for the nuclear receptor LXR and also a new endogenous CYP3A marker.<br>References Breuer, O., et al.: J. Lipid Res., 36, 2275 (1995), Pikuleva, I., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 273, 18153 (1998), Chawla, A., et al.: Science, 294, 1866 (2001), Bodin, K., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 276, 38685 (2001),<br></p>

<p>Applications 1-(2,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propan-1-one is an antioxidant and also has anti cancer effects on human breast cancer MCF-7 cells and Hep3B human hepatocellular carcinoma cells.<br>References Choi, Eun Jeong, et al.: Mol. Med. Rep., 9(1), 328-332 (2014);Choi, Eun Jeong, et al.: Onco.Lett., 6(6), 1784-1788 (2013);Choi, Eun Jeong, et al.: Inter. J.of Mol. Med., 31(3), 726-730 (2013)<br></p>

<p>Applications Protected Estradiol. Drinking water contaminant candidate list 3 (CCL 3) compound as per United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), environmental, and food contaminants.<br>References Miilunpohja, M., et al.: J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol., 100, 59 (2006), Ikonomou, M., et al.: Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 27, 243 (2008),<br></p>

<p>Applications Sodium salt of Dexamethasone β-D-Glucuronide is a potential prodrug for colonic delivery of the antiinflammatory corticosteroid Dexamethasone.<br>References Fotsis, T., et al.: J. Steroid Biochem., 14, 457 (1981), Choi, M., et al.: Steroids, 65, 54 (2000); Haeberlin, B. et al.: Pharm Res., 10, 1553 (1993);<br></p>

<p>Applications 15-Keto Latanoprost is a metabolite of Latanoprost (L177280).<br>References Sjoquist, B., et al.: Drug Metab. Dispos., 26, 745 (1998), Watson, P., et al.: Drugs Today, 35, 449 (1999),<br></p>

<p>Applications 1,2-Dihydro Triamcinolone is a derivative of Triamcinolone (T767165), a glucocorticoid, antiasthmatic (inhalant); antiallergic (nasal).<br>References Florey, K., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 1, 397 (1972); Bernstein, I.L., et al.: Chest, 81, 20 (1982);<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Tixocortol is an anti-inflammatory agent. Tixocortol is used in fluorescent chemoaffinity labeling.<br>References Torossian, D.R., et al.: Arzneim.-Forsch., 31, 453 (1981),<br></p>

<p>Applications A Dexamethasone Dipropionate metabolite.<br>References Miyachi, Y., et al.: Steroids, 52, 137 (1988), Soh H., et al.: Brit. J. dermatol., 125, 73 (1991), Civiale, C., et al.: J. Ocul. Pharmacol., Thera., 20, 75 (2004),<br></p>

<p>Applications Δ6-Gestodene, is an impurity of Gestodene (G368250), an orally active gestogen with progesterone-like profile of activity. Used in combination with estrogen as oral contraceptive.<br>References Duesterberg, B., et al.: Contraception, 24, 673 (1981); Duesterberg, B., et al.: Seroids, 43, 43 (1984); Losert, W., et al.: Arzneim.-Forsch., 35, 459 (1985);<br></p>

<p>Applications Progesterone (P755900) impurity.<br>References Liang, T., et al.: Biol. Chem., 256, 7998 (1981), Bratoeff, E., et al.: J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol., 111, 275 (2008),<br></p>

<p>Applications 17α-Hydroxy-progesterone Valerate acts as a synthetic Progesterone (P755900) reducing the chance of pre-term birth in women. Progesterone is a steroid hormone produced by the corpus luteum. Induces maturation and secretory activity of the uterine endothelium; suppresses ovulation<br>References Anderson, E., et al.: Breast Cancer Res., 4, 197 (2002), Lanari, C., et al.: Breast Cancer Res., 4, 240 (2002), Albrecht, E.D., et al.: Front. Biosci., 8, 416 (2003), Qiu, M., et al.: J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol., 85, 147 (2003),<br></p>

<p>Applications 2,5-Bis(trifluoromethyl)aniline is a haloalkul substituted aniline used in the preparation of anti-benign prostatic hyperplasia drug, Dutasteride (D735000).<br>References Liang, Y. et al.: Jil. Dax. Xueb. Lixeub., 45, 1035 (2007);<br></p>

<p>Applications 3-Aminobenzotrifluoride is a known human toxin that can cause bacterial mutation and hepatocyte unscheduled DNA synthesis.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Reinhold, D., et al.: T. ASAE, 49, 2077 (2006); Thompson, C., et al.: Environ. Mutagen., 5, 803 (1983)<br></p>

<p>Applications Cortisol derivative. A potential corticoid metabolite.<br>References Okihara, R. et al.; Chem. Pharm. Bull. 58, 344 (2010); Hosoda, H. et al.; Chem. Pharm. Bull. 32, 4023 (1984)<br></p>

<p>Applications 17α,21-Dideoxy-6α,​9α-Difluoroprednisolone is an impurity of the drug Difluprednate (D445925). Difluprednate is a corticosteroid (derivative of prednisolone), approved for the treatment of post-operative ocular inflammation.<br>References Kapp, A., et al.: J. Allergy and Clin. Immunol., 110, 277 (2002); Yasueda, S., et al.: J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 30, 1735 (2003); Yamaguchi, M., et al.: Int. J. Pharm., 301, 121 (2005)<br></p>

<p>Applications (16α)-21-[(Ethoxycarbonyl)oxy]-17-hydroxy-16-methylpregna-1,4,9(11)-triene-3,20-dione is an impurity of Dexamethasone (D298800), a glucocorticoid used as an anti-inflammatory agent.<br>References Spangler, M., et al.: Chromatographia, 54(5/6), 329-334 (2001);Wershil, B.K., et al.: Int. Arch. Allergy Immunol., 107, 323 (1995)<br></p>

<p>Applications 10β-Hydroxy D-(-)-Norgestrel is an impurity of Levonorgestrel (N689510).<br>References Gorog, S. et al.: J. Pharmac. Biomed. Anal., 14, 85 (1995); Berta, R. et al.: J. Pharmac. Biomed. Anal., 54, 458 (2011); Choudhary, M. I. et al.: Nat. Prod. Res., 20, 1074 (2006);<br></p>

<p>Applications Fulvestrant (F862500) impurity C.<br></p>

<p>Applications 23-Hydroxybudesonide is an metabolite of budesonide (B689490), a non-halogenated glucocorticoid related to triamcinolone hexacetonide. Used as an antiinflammatory agent.<br>References Edsbaecker, S., et al.: Drug. Metabol. Dispostion., 15, 403 (1987); Moore, C.D., et al.: Drug. Metabolism. Disposition., 41, 379 (2013);<br></p>

<p>Applications 20β-Dihydrocortisone is a metabolite of Cortisol (H714615), a steroid hormone, more specifically a glucocorticoid, produced by the zona fasciculata of the adrenal gland. Cortisol is released in response to stress and a low level of blood glucocorticoids. Its primary functions are to increase blood sugar through gluconeogenesis; suppress the immune system; and aid in fat, protein and carbohydrate metabolism.<br>References Reach, G., et. al.: Steroids, 30, 621 (1977); Vigore, L., et al.: Cancer Ther., 6, 699 (2008); Puurunen, J., et al.: J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 94, 1973 (2009); Lemos, D., et al.: J. Endocrinol., 201, 275 (2009); Chen, S., et al.: Am. J. Physiol., 296 (2009)<br></p>

<p>Applications Ulipristal is a selective progesterone receptor modulator. Ulipristal is used as an emergency contraceptive.<br>References Gronemeijer, H., et al.: J. Steroid Biochem., 40, 271 (1991), Spitz, I., et al.: Contraception, 48, 403 (1993), Conneely, O., et al.: Steroids, 68, 771 (2003), Chwalisz, K., et al.: Endocr. Rev., 26, 423 (2005),<br></p>

<p>Impurity Atorvastatin 2-Hydroxy Lactone<br>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications A metabolite of Atorvastatin, a selective, competitive HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor. Atorvastatin is the only drug in its class specfically indicated for lowering both elevated LDL-cholesterol and triglycerides in patients with hypercholesterolemia.<br></p>

<p>Applications 2-Hydroxy Estradiol 6-N3-Adenine is a depurinating adduct that is created by the interaction of specific metabolites of estrogens in the body with DNA. Unfortunately, these adducts are endogeneous initiators of various human cancers, such as breast &amp; prostate.<br>References Yang, L., et al.: Prostate, 69, 41 (2009); Zahid, M., et al.: Chem. Res. Toxicol., 19, 164 (2006); Zhang, Y., et al.: Metabol. Clin. Exp., 56, 887 (2007)<br></p>