Flavonoids and Polyphenols

<p>Applications The aglucon of Phlorizin. A glucose transport inhibitor. Also inhibits protein kinase C and has been shown to inhibit the entry of five enveloped viruses into human fibroblasts.<br>References Constantinescu, S.N., et al.: FEBS Lett., 292, 31 (1991), Mann, J., et al.: Appl. Physiol., 71, 410 (1991), Benga, G., et al.: Eur. J. Cell Biol., 59, 219 (1992), Kitanaka, J., et al.: J. Neurochem., 60, 704 (1993), Wang, X., et al.: Biochem. J., 290, 249 (1993)<br></p>

<p>Applications Silydianin is an active constituent of Silybium marianum and is known the exhibit anti-inflammatory activity which regulates caspase-3 activation which affects cell membranes and acts as a free radical scavenger.<br>References Zlelinska-Przyyjemska, M., et al.: Phytother. Res., 20, 115 (2006); Milan, M., et al.L Anal. Chimica. Acta., 486, 125 (2003); Liu, Y.Z., et al.: Chin. Herb. Med., 4, 237 (2012);<br></p>

<p>Applications Labelled 2-tert-Butyl-4-hydroxyanisole (B699300). 2-tert-Butyl-4-hydroxyanisole shows insecticidal activity.<br>References Newberne, P., et al.: Food Technol., 54, 66 (2000), Passone, M., et al.: Food Control, 19, 364 (2008),<br></p>

<p>Applications 2-Phenyl-2-propanol is an important raw material and intermediate used in organic synthesis, pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals and dyestuff.<br>References Kostjuk, S.V., et al.: Eur. Polym. J., 43, 968-979 (2007); Liu, X., et al.: J. Mol. Catal. A: Chem., 252, 176-180 (2006);<br></p>

<p>Applications trans-Resveratrol Triacetate is the acetylated analogue of Resveratrol (R150000) that is a natural antioxidant and a potential radioprotective agent. trans-Resveratrol Triacetate induces p53 activity and inhibits proliferation in breast and prostate tumor cell lines.<br>References Torres, P. et al.: J. Agric. Food Chem., 58, 807 (2010); Kotagiri, S. et al.: J. Chem. Pharmac. Sci., 3, 191 (2010); Koide, K. et al.: ACS Med. Chem. Chem. Lett., 2, 270 (2011);<br></p>

<p>Applications Neoponcirin is a flavonoid that was shown to exhibit anticancer properties by inducing apoptosis by inhibiting N-Myc and upregulating RKIP in neuroblastoma.<br>References Singhai, J., et al.: Cancer. Prev. Res., 5, 473 (2012); Sdiri, S., et al.: Postharv. Biol. Techol., 65, 13, (2012);<br></p>

<p>Applications It is an alkaloid isolated from Radix et Rhizoma Leonticis. It shows various pharmaceutical properties: bacteriostatic, wound healing, cytotoxicity, immunosuppression, acetilcholinesterase inhibition, and inhibition of the activity of tumor angiogenesis.<br>References Perdue, G.P., et al.: J. Pharm. Sci., 68, 124 (1979), Tsacheva, I., et al.: J. Biosci., 59, 528 (2004), Zhang, Y., et al.: Cancer Lett., 262 103 (2008),<br></p>

<p>Stability Light Sensitive<br>Applications Eugenol is used in perfumes, flavorings, and essential oils. It is also used as a local antiseptic and anaesthetic. Eugenol is a dental compound which shows cytotoxicity to human oral squamous cell carcinoma and oral cells. When glucosylated, this compound exhibits anti-inflammatory activity.<br>References Koh, T. et al.: In Vivo, 27, 85 (2013); Zhang, P. et al.: Arch. Pharm. Res., 36, 109 (2013);<br></p>

<p>Applications Carnosic Acid is a phenolic component of rosemary. It acts as a potent antioxdant and also has UV protective activity. Specifically protection for UV-A radiation and damage. Carnosic Acid also inhibits the free-radical chain reaction that leads to the oxidation of fats and oils, thereby stabilizing and increasing the shelf life of meats.<br>References Frankel, E. et al.: J. Agri. Food Chem., 44, 131 (1996); Offord, E. et al.: Free Rad Biol. Med., 32, 1293 (2002); Chem. and Eng. News Feb. 10, 2014 p. 13<br></p>

<p>Applications Methyleugenol is a phenylpropene that is commonly found in plants such as nutmeg, pimento, lemongrass, tarragon, basil, star anise, and fennel. Methyleugenol has been shown to inhibit histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity in the human colon carcinoma cell line HT29. Compounds that exhibit HDAC-inhibitory properties or disrupt the HDAC complex have potential applications in cancer therapy and chemoprevention. In addition, Methyleugenol is a flavoring agent often used in consumer products such as jellies, baked goods, beverages,chewing gums, ice cream, and fragrance.<br>References Groh, I. A., et al.: J Nutr Metab. 2013, 821082 (2013); R. L. Smith, et al.: Food Chem Toxicol 40, 851 (2002)<br></p>

<p>Applications (S)-Naringenin, an active flavanone, maintains antioxidative, anti-inflammatory and antitumorigenic activities. Used in the treatment of praquat (PQ)-induced oxidative stress.<br>References Podder, B. et al.: J. Microbiol. Biotech., 24, 605 (2014); Abd El Azim, M. et al.: Org. Chem. An Ind. J., 10,410 (2014);<br></p>

<p>Stability Very Hygroscopic<br>Applications Quercetin 3-O-β-D-Glucuronide is the major metabolite of Quercetin (Q509500).<br>References Ajay, M., et al.: Life Sci., 74, 603 (2003), Shen, S., et al.: Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 197, 84 (2004), Amira, S., et al.: Eur. J. Pharmacol. 599, 126 (2008),<br></p>

<p>Applications (+)-[6]-Gingerol is a bioactive compound found in ginger (Zingiber officinale) with antioxidant activity, which functions as an anti-inflammatory and antitumor agent. (+)-[6]-Gingerol down regulates proinflammatory cytokine release by macrophages. (+)-[6]-Gingerol has been shown to inhibit COX-2 expression by blocking the activation of p38 MAP kinase and NF-κB in phorbol ester-stimulated mouse skin.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Aeschbach, R. et al.: Food Chem. Toxicol., 32, 31 (1994); Tripathi, S. et al.: J. Surg. Res., 130, 318 (2006); Kim, S.O., et al.: Oncogene 24, 2558 (2005);<br></p>