Nucleosides and Nucleotides

Applications 3-(3-Azido-2,3-dideoxy-β-D-erythro-pentofuranosyl)-5-methyl-2,4(1H,3H)-pyrimidinedione is an impurity of Zidovudine (A825000). Zidovudine is an antiviral agent used in the clinical treatment of HIV infections.
References Radatus, B.K., Org. Process. Res. Dev., 15, 1281 (2011)

Applications Des-(3-Oxo-3,4-dihydrogen) 3,6-Difluoro Favipiravir is a building block related to Favipiravir(F103350). Favipiravir is used for the treatment of advanced Ebola virus infection in a small animal model. Favipiravir suppressed the replication of Zaire Ebola virus and prevented a lethal outcome in 100% of the animals. Based on the studies, Favipiravir can be a candidate for the treatment of Ebola hemorrhagic fever.
References Oestereich, L., et al.: Antiviral Res., 105, 17 (2014); Baranovich, T., et al.: J. Virol. 87, 3741 (2013); Chem. and Eng. News p.8, Dec. 1 (2014)

Impurity Capecitabine EP Impurity E
Applications 5'-Deoxy-5-fluoro-N-[(3-methylbutoxy)carbonyl]cytidine (Capecitabine EP Impurity E) is a 5'-Desoxycytidine derivative and is used as an antitumor agent.

Applications 5-O-Trityl-2,3’-anhydrothymidine (cas# 25442-42-6) is a compound useful in organic synthesis.

Impurity Valaciclovir EP Impurity P
Stability Light Sensitive, Temperature Sensitive
Applications Bis Valacyclovir (~90%) (Valaciclovir EP Impurity P) is an impurity is listed in Ph. Eur. monograph for Valaciclovir HCl as impurity P and Bis-valaciclovir in USP monograph (impurity K).

Applications Labelled Uridine, a nucleoside; widely distributed in nature. Uridine is one of the four basic components of ribonucleic acid (RNA)
References Lorine, P., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 178, 439 (1949); Grakoui, A., et al.: J. Virol., 63, 5216 (1989); Strauss, J., et al.: Microbiol. Rev., 58, 491 (1994); Lin, Y., et al.: Virology, 292, 78 (2002);

Impurity Ganciclovir EP Impurity C
Applications 2’-Monodehydroxy-2’-chloro Ganciclovir is an Impurity of Ganciclovir (G235000). 2’-Monodehydroxy-2’-chloro Ganciclovir is a sugar modified acyclic analogue of guanosine (G837900). Studies have shown 2’-Monodehydroxy-2’-chloro Ganciclovir has potential to exhibit virucidal activity. Iso mono chloro ganciclovir
References Martin, J.C., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 29, 1384 (1986);

Impurity Lamivudine EP Impurity J
Applications (2R-cis)-1-[2-(Hydroxymethyl)-1,3-oxathiolan-5-yl]-2,4(1H,3H)-pyrimidinedione (Lamivudine EP Impurity J) is an impurity of Lamivudine (L172500). (2R-cis)-1-[2-(Hydroxymethyl)-1,3-oxathiolan-5-yl]-2,4(1H,3H)-pyrimidinedione is also being further studied to determine its potential as an anti-HIV agent.
References Jeong, L., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 36, 181 (1993)

Impurity Capecitabine EP Impurity D
Applications 5'-Deoxy-5-fluoro-N-[(2-methylbutoxy)carbonyl]cytidine (Capecitabine EP Impurity D) is a Capecitabine analog which shows antitumor activity.

Applications A labelled 2',3'-cyclic nucleotide phosphodiester
References Voegtli, W., et al.: Biochemistry, 39, 15365 (2000), Bernstein, N., et al.: Mol. Cell, 17, 657 (2005), Blondal, T., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 280, 5188 (2005), Shenoy, A., et al.: J. Mol. Biol., 365, 211 (2007),

Applications An intermediate used in the preparation of Zanamivir derivatives.
References Andrews, D., et al.: Eur. J. Med. Chem., 34, 563 (1999), Altamore, T., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem., 14, 1126 (2006),

Entecavir (1R,3R,4S) diastereomer is a synthetic compound and is an analytical standard for HPLC. This product is an impurity of the drug Entecavir. The impurity is characterized by a retention time of 17.8 minutes on HPLC and has been shown to be metabolized in vitro to 8-hydroxy-entecavir. The purity of this product is 98% with a CAS number of 1367369-78-5.

Gemcitabine hydrochloride is an analog of the natural nucleoside cytidine. It is a chemotherapeutic drug that is used in the treatment of pancreatic, lung and breast cancer. Gemcitabine hydrochloride is metabolized to its active form by deamination of cytosine residues in DNA. This conversion is catalyzed by the enzyme cytidine deaminase. Gemcitabine hydrochloride has been shown to be effective against metastatic pancreatic cancer and advanced-stage non-small cell lung cancer, as well as early-stage breast cancer. Gemcitabine hydrochloride has also been shown to be effective against certain types of lymphoma and leukemia.

Acyclovir Impurity K is a drug product that is used as an analytical reference standard for metabolism studies. Acyclovir Impurity K is a natural product and an impurity of acyclovir, which has CAS No. 1797131-64-6. The chemical name of this drug is 3-hydroxy-2,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-[1]benzopyran-2,4(3H)-dione. It can be synthesized in the laboratory by custom synthesis or it can be obtained from a commercial supplier as an impurity standard. This product is used to help with drug development and research and development in the pharmaceutical industry. It can also be used as a high purity HPLC standard for pharmacopoeia testing purposes.

Remdesivir related compound 12 is a synthetic drug product. It is an impurity standard used for the production of the active pharmaceutical ingredient, remdesivir. The substance is a custom synthesis and can be synthesized to meet customer specifications. Remdesivir related compound 12 has been studied in animal models for metabolism studies and human pharmacokinetic studies. This substance is also used for research and development, as well as niche drug development.

Triphenylmethanol (TPM) is an inhibitor of the enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase. It is synthesized by reacting p-hydroxybenzoic acid with a hydroxyl group in the presence of trifluoroacetic acid and potassium carbonate. The reaction solution was then analyzed by x-ray crystallography, revealing the molecular structure of TPM. TPM binds to the metal ion in a hydroxyl group, preventing alcohol dehydrogenase from oxidizing ethanol to acetaldehyde. This mechanism also explains why TPM inhibits other enzymes that use this same metal ion cofactor such as carboxypeptidase A and aminopeptidase P, which are involved in protein synthesis and degradation.

Intermediate in the synthesis of ribavirin

Enantiomer of Lamivudine

CAS No. 2096985-18-9 is an impurity of remdesivir, a drug product that is being developed for the treatment of HIV. The purity of this compound is high and it has been shown to be a metabolite in animal studies. Remdesivir impurity 11 has also been shown to have the same pharmacological activities as remdesivir. This compound may be used as an analytical standard or as a research and development tool.

2-Hydroxy-2,3-tetrahydrofuranyl entecavir is a drug product that is an impurity standard for 2-hydroxy-2,3-dihydrofuranilide. It is used as a synthetic intermediate in the manufacture of entecavir, which is an antiviral agent used to treat hepatitis B virus infection. 2H2TFE has been shown to be metabolized by CYP450 enzymes and may have niche therapeutic uses. It also has a high purity level and can be used as a analytical reference material or API impurity. CAS No. 1984788-96-6