Botanical Source

Spinosin has neuroprotective, anxiolytic-like and anti-inflammatory effects, it ameliorated memory impairment induced through AβO, the serotonergic neurotransmitter system, it also potentiated pentobarbital-induced sleep via the serotonergic system.

Vitexicarpin has shown antitumor, cytotoxicity, anti-inflammatory, analgesic and immunoregulatory properties.Vitexicarpin can act as a novel angiogenesis inhibitor, it exerts good antiangiogenic effects by inhibiting vascular-endothelial-growth-factor-(VEGF-) induced endothelial cell proliferation, migration, and capillary-like tube formation on matrigel in a dose-dependent manner. It can significantly reduce vascular inflammation, through inhibition of ROS-NF-κB pathway in vascular endothelial cells.

Isoliquiritigenin(ILTG), a flavonoid constituent in the root of Glycyrrhiza glabra, has vasorelaxant effect, anti-platelet, anti-allergic and antiviral activities, also has protective effects in transient middle cerebral artery occlusion-induced focal cerebral ischemia in rats.

Tectochrysin is a promising inhibitor for the reversal of ABCG2-mediated drug transport, it leads to apoptotic cell death in NSCLC cells through activation of DR3 and Fas expression via inhibition of STAT3 phosphorylation.Tectochrysin has antioxidant effect, it also exhibits a significant hepatoprotective activity in hepatic damage induced by CCl4-intoxication in rats.

Mesaconitine increases the [Ca2+]i level in endothelial cells by influx of Ca2+ from extracellular spaces, suggests that mesaconitine-induced Ca2+ influx and activation of nitric-oxide synthase in endothelial cells and, thus, induced vasorelaxation in rat aorta.

Benzoylaconine and aconitine can induce reproductive toxicity in BeWo Cell, the amino acid metabolism was the main metabolic pathway and responsible for the placental and fetal toxicity of them.