Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) Standards

<p>Applications Chloroform is generally used in NMR spectroscopy as a solvent, in trimethylsilane solution. It has been used an an anaesthetic due to its action on the central nervous system.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Johansson, J. et al.: Photochem. Photobiol., 77, 89 (2003); Fryczkowski, R. et al.: Synth. Metals, 166, 14 (2013); Guo, S. et al.: Tetra. Asymm., 24, 480 (2013);<br></p>

<p>Applications 1,1-Dichloro-2-propanone is a disinfection byproduct in drinking water. It may cause bladder cancer and other adverse health effects.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Farre, M., et al.: Water Sci. Tehnol., 12, 573 (2012); Catherine, M., et al.: Water Res., 47, 3231 (2013); Neale, P., et al.: Environ. Sci. Technol., 46, 10317 (2012)<br></p>

<p>Applications 1,2-Dichloroethane is one of the major waste products of the Vinyl Chloride industries, and has also been classified as a potential human carcinogen.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Hung, W., et al.: Appl. Surf. Sci., 255, 2205 (2008); Rannug, U., et al.: Chem.-Biol. Int., 20, 1 (1978)<br></p>

<p>Applications A metabolite of Toluene.<br>References Gargas, M., et al.: Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 98, 87 (1989), Commandeur, J., et al.: Pharmacol. Rev., 47(2), 271 (1995), Campo, P., et al.: Neurotoxicol. Teratol., 21, 427 (1999), Lohse, C., et al.: J. Agr. Food Chem., 48, 5913 (2000),<br></p>

<p>Applications Tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol (cas# 97-99-4) is a useful research chemical.<br></p>

<p>Applications 2-Bromoethanol is an widely used intermediate in organic synthesis.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Tian, Z., et al.: Int. J. Quant. Chem., 111, 631 (2011); Thayer, F.K., et al.: Org. Syntheses., 6, (1926);<br></p>

<p>Stability Very Volatile<br>Applications 1,1-Dichloroethane is used as a chemical solvent in the preparation of precursors of quinolizine, isoquinoline and indole alkaloids(1). Groundwater contaminant, DDT biodegredation product(2,3). Drinking water contaminant candidate list 3 (CCL 3) compound as per United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Environmental contaminants; Food contaminants.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References 1. Butler, E. et al.: Env. Sci. Tech. 2000, 34 (3), pp 422–429.2. Ren, L. et al.: Chemosphere. 2017 Feb;168:244-253.3. Grewal, J. et al.: J. Environ. Sci. Health. B. 2016 Dec;51(12):809-816.<br></p>

<p>Applications 1-Bromo-3-chloropropane can be used safer and equally efficient alternative to chloroform as a phase-separation agent in the 1-step method of RNA isolation from biological samples such as animal and plant tissue.<br>References Chomczynski, P. et al.: Anal. Biochem., 225, 163 (1995); Chey, S. et al.: Anal. Biochem., 411, 164 (2011);<br></p>

<p>Applications 2,2,2-trichloroethanol (TCE) is an active metabolite of Trichloroacetaldehyde monohydrate [chloral hydrate (CH)] (T774055), a sedative/hypnotic that increases cerebral blood flow (CBF).<br>References Parelkar, N., et al.: J. Pharma. Exper. Ther., 332, 803 (2010); Merdink, J., et al.: Toxicol, 245, 130 (2008)<br></p>

<p>Stability Light Sensitive, Polymerize easily<br>Applications Mesityl Oxide, a α,β-unsaturated ketone, and has a strong peppermint odor. It is mainly used as a solvent and in the production of methyl isobutyl ketone by hydrogenation.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Conant, J. B., et al.: Org. Synth.: Coll., 1, 345 (1941); Jalali-Heravi, M., et al.: J. Chromatography A, 1218, 2569 (2011);<br></p>

<p>Applications It is used as a solvent.<br></p>

<p>Applications 1,4-Dichlorobenzene, is a versatile building block and a small bioactive molecule, used in various organic synthesis. It is also used as disinfectant, deodorant, and pesticide.This compound is a contaminant of emerging concern (CECs).<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Fahey, D. R., et al.: Macromolecules, 24 (15), 4242 (1991); Rossberg, M., et al.: Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, (2006);<br></p>

<p>Stability Volatile<br>Applications 1-Propanol is a low molecular weight alcohol that is currently being investigated as an alternative fuel for direct methanol/oxygen fuel cells. 1-Propanol is also used as a coupling and dispersing agent in the pharmaceutical and chemicals industries.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Gupta, M., et al.: Fluid Phase Equil., 244, 26 (2006); Lamy, C., et al.: J. Appl. Electrochem., 31, 799 (2001); Wang, J., et al.: J. Electrochem. Soc., 142 (1995)<br></p>

<p>Stability Light Sensitive, Volatile<br>Applications Trichloroacetonitrile is a by-product of the chlorine disinfection of water and is commonly used as a fumigant. It is also used as a direct alkylating agent and reacts with primary and secondary aliphatic amines to produce N-substituted trichloroacetamidines.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Christ, S.: J. Toxicol. Env. Health A, 47, 233 (1996); Davies, M. &amp; Jenkin, D.: J. Chem. Soc., No vol. given, 2374 (1954); Grivas, J. &amp; Taurins, A.: J. Chem., 36, 771 (1958)<br></p>

<p>Applications A volatile halogenated methane present in trace amounts in drinking water as a result of the water treatment process. It is useful as chain transfer agents in PVC polymerization.<br>References Stanaback, R.J.: Tech. Pap. Soc. Plast. Engin., 23, 262 (1977); Nestmann, E.R. et al.: Water Chlorin. Env. Impact Health. Eff., 4, 1151 (1983);<br></p>

<p>Applications 1,2-Dichlorobenzene is used as an organic solvent in a wide array of chemical reactions. Also known to cause oxidative stress and induction of apoptotic markers in lung epithelial cells. 1,2-Dichlorobenzene is a side product of the production of chlorobenzene.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Peljo, P. et al.: J. Am. Chem. Soc., 134, 5974 (2012); Morbt, N. et al.: J. Proteome Res., 10, 363 (2011); Serguchev, Y.A., et al.: Theoretic. Experiment. Chem., 47, 123 (2011); Aracil, I., et al.: Environ. Sci. Technol., 44, 4169 (2010);<br></p>

<p>Applications 2-Methoxypropanol is a susbtance used in the relative parameter sensitivity in prenatal toxicity studies with substances classified as developmental toxicants. Also applied in the studies for the analysis of volatile organic compounds in cigarette packaging materials by SPME-GC/MS.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Rorije, E., et al.: Reprod. Toxicol., 34, 284 (2012); Hong, W, et al.: Fujian Fenxi Ceshi, 19, 24 (2010)<br></p>

<p>Applications Tetrachloroethylene is a common industrial solvent that is often found as a contaminant in groundwater. Tetrachloroethylene is also a suspected carcinogen to humans and is difficult to degrade biologically as it has no natural source. This compound is a contaminant of emerging concern (CECs).<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Fathepure, B. &amp; Boyd, S.: Appl Environ. Microb., 54, 2976 (1988); Ryoo, D., et al.: Nat. Biotech., 18, 775 (2000); Vogel, T. &amp; McCarty, P.: Appl. Environ. Microb., 49, 1080 (1985)<br></p>

<p>Applications cis-1,3-Dichloropropene (CAS# 10061-01-5) is a useful research chemical compound.<br></p>

<p>Applications Isotope labelled 1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane is a material used in the manufacturing of thermoelectric material including carbon nanotubes. It was primarily used as a solvent however due to toxicity it is no longer a viable compound.<br>References Basu, D. et al.: J. Environ. Sci. Health. A. Tox. Hazard. Subst. Environ. Eng., 47, 638 (2012);<br></p>

<p>Applications Tetrabromoethane (CAS# 79-27-6) is a useful research chemical compound.<br></p>

<p>Applications Hexachloro-1,3-butadiene is used as an urinary biomarker as a tool for early screening of potential kidney toxicity. Hexachloro-1,3-butadiene (HCBD) causes kidney injury. Flame Retardant; One of the new POPs under the Stockholm Convention.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Wolf, C., et al.: J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 228, 202 (1984), Birner, G., et al.: Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 132, 203 (1995), Kirby, G., et al.: Toxicol. Pathol., 23, 303 (1995), Kharasch, E., et al.: Toxicol. Sci., 90, 419 (2006),<br></p>

<p>Stability Volatile<br>Applications n-Hexane is an industrial chemical and also found in natural gas, crude oil and gasoline. It is used as an organic solvent for extraction.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Laily, N., et al.: Pharmacogn J. 9, 280 (2017); Nyaba, L., et al.: J. Mol. Liq. 231, 154 (2017)<br></p>

<p>Stability Light Sensitive<br>Applications 1,1-DCE is mainly used as a comonomer in the polymerization of vinyl chloride, acrylonitrile, and acrylates. It is also used in semiconductor device fabrication for growing high purity silicon dioxide films.<br> E3<br>References Otsu, T., et al.: J. Polym. Sci. A Polym. Chem., 30, 1559 (1992); Jenkins, A., et al.: Macromol. Symposia, 111, 159 (1996); Eur. Polym. J., 10, 481 (1974)<br></p>