Food Industry Standards

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Patulin (PAT), a mycotoxin produced by certain species of Penicillium, Aspergillus, and Byssochlamys, is mainly found in ripe apple and apple products. Patulin-induced genotoxicity and modulation of glutathione in Hep G2 cells. Patulin is an antibiotic. Patulin-induced nephropathy and gastrointestinal tract malfunction have been demonstrated in several animal models. The oral LD50 value of patulin ranges between 29 and 55 mg/kg body weight in rodents and 170 mg/kg body weight in poultry. The World Health Organization considers patulin cytotoxic and established a safety level of patulin in apple juice at 50 μM. At 100-200 μM, patulin can directly increase intracellular oxidative stress in HEK293 and HL-60 cells. In 1944, this compound was tested in a clinical trial for potential antibiotic<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Scott, P., et al.: J. Agric. Food Chem., 20, 450 (1972), Aden, D., et al.: Nature, 282, 615 (1979), Surralles, J., et al.: Mutat. Res., 341, 169 (1995), Alves, I., et al.: Mutagenesis, 15, 229 (2000), Liu, B., et al.: Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 191, 255 (2003), Puel, O., Galtier, P., and Oswald, I.P. Biosynthesis and toxicological effects of patulin. Toxins 2(4) 613-631 (2010). Liu, B., Wu, T., Yu, F., et al. Induction of oxidative stress response by the mycotoxin patulin in mammalian cells. Toxicol Sci 95(2) 340-347 (2007). Chalmers, I., and Clarke, M. Commentary: The 1994 patulin trial: The first properly controlled multicentre trial conducted under the aegis of the British Medical Research Council. Int J Epidemiol 32 253-260 (2004).<br></p>

<p>Applications T2 Tetraol is a type A trichothecene mycotoxin.<br></p>

<p>Applications Estrogenic mycotoxin produced by Fusarium fungi commonly found in grains. One of a group of compounds known as resorcylic acid lactones.Environmental contaminants; Food contaminants<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Tanaka, T., et al.: J. Agric. Food Chem., 36, 979 (1988), Hamilton, S., et al.: Anticancer Res., 16, 3597 (1996), Hecht, S., et al.: Cancer Lett., 150, 49 (2000), Hussein, H., et al.: Toxicology, 167, 101 (2001), Lim, H., et al.: J. Immunol., 175, 4180 (2005),<br></p>

<p>Applications Sterigmatocystin is a carcinogenic mycotoxin that is struturally related to Aflatoxin. Sterigmatocystin has been shown to inhibit RNA synthesis in rat liver nuclei.Environmental contaminants; Food contaminants<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Nel, W. et al.: Biochem. Pharmacol., 19, 957 (1970); Purchase, I.F.H. et al.: Food Cosm. Toxicol., 8, 289 (1970);<br></p>

<p>Applications Insecticide synergist, especially for pyrethroids and rotenone. Useful in cannabis testing kits as a component of pesticide mixes (P698230).<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Gaines, T. B., et al.; Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 14, 515 (1969),<br></p>

<p>Applications Hexahydrocoumarin,is the derivative of Coumarin (C755380). It was formerly used as a fragrance ingredient.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Letizia, C. S., et al.: Food and Chemical Toxicology, 38, S115 (2000);<br></p>

<p>Stability Unstable in Solution<br>Applications The main labelled metabolite of Artemisinin, Arteether, Artemether, Artesunate. An active antimalarial metabolite.<br>References e Vries, P., et al.: Drugs, 52, 818 (1996), Kamolrat, S., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 47, 3795 (2003), Mithwani, S., et al.: Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol., 57, 146 (2004),<br></p>

<p>Applications 2-Chloroethanol is used in the preparation of TTFTT (tetrathiafulvalene-2,3,6,7-tetrathiolate) and important building block in TTF syntheis. In addition, it is used in the synthesis of vinyltriazoles. This is the labeled analog.<br>Dangerous Goods Info This compound is forbidden to ship by air under IATA regulations.<br>References Svenstrup, N. et al.: Synthesis, 8, 809 (1994); Thibault, R. et al.: J. Am. Chem. Soc., 128, 12084 (2006);<br></p>

<p>Stability Moisture Sensitive<br>Applications Chlorfenvinphos is derived from α,2,4-Trichloroacetophenone (T774315), which is a reagent used in the synthesis of isoconazole, a potent anti-fungal agent. Pesticide.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Dulcevscaia, G. et al.: Polyhed., 52, 106 (2013); Wang, Y. et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 22, 5363 (2012); Olivieira, B. R., et al.: Environ. Sci. Pollut. R., 22, 11781-11791 (2015)<br></p>

<p>Applications Neosolaniol is a mycotoxin produced by Fusarium species commonly found in wheat and maize.<br>References Thrane, U., et al.: Int J Food Microbiol, 95, 257 (2004); Sulyok, M., et al.: Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom., 20, 2649 (2006);<br></p>

<p>Applications 8-Isoergocornine is an ergot fungus alkaloid related to Ergocornine (E597350). It is a mycotoxin found in moldy food products.<br>References Sulyok, M., et al.: Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 389, 1505 (2007); Krska, R., et al.: Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 391, 563 (2008); Sulyok, M., et al.: Food Chem., 119, 408 (2009);<br></p>

<p>Stability Appears to decompose in DMSO<br>Applications 3-Acetyldeoxynivalenol is a trichothecene mycotoxin that is produced in a plant-pathogenic fungus, Fusarium graminearum Schwabe.Environmental contaminants; Food contaminants<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Beyer, M., et al.: Int. J. Food. Microbiol., 119, 153 (2007); Schiefer, H.B., et al.: Can. J. Comp. Med., 49, 315 (1985); Mirocha, C.J., et al.: App. Enviro.Microbiol., 55, 1315 (1989);<br></p>

<p>Applications A mycotoxin produced by the fungi Fusarium culmorum and Fusarium graminearum, inhibits protein synthesis.Environmental contaminants; Food contaminants<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Ashraf, A.; et al.: Int. J. Biol. Biotechnol., 4, 391 (2007), Burlakoti, R., et al.: App. Environ. Microbiol., 74, 6513 (2008), Steinmetz, W., et al.: Eur. J. Med. Chem., 44, 4485 (2009), Zhang, Y., et al.: Phytopathol., 99, 95 (2009),<br></p>

<p>Applications Verruculogen is a mycotoxin and novel mammalian cell cycle inhibitors produced by Aspergillus fumigatus.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Cui, C. et al.: Jour. of Ant., 49(6), 527-533, (1996)<br></p>

<p>Applications N-Methyl-d3-N-nitroso-p-toluenesulfonamide is the labeled version of Diazald; Diazomethane precursor.<br>References Takizawa, et al.: J. Pharm. Soc. Jpn., 70, 490 (1950)<br></p>