Pharmaceutical and Veterinary Compounds and Metabolites

<p>LXA5 is made from EPA by leukocytes, contracts guinea pig lungs like LXA4/LXB4, but doesn't dilate aorta.</p>

<p>Dioctanoylphosphatidic acid sodium serves as a modulator of phagocyte respiratory bursts, a precursor to diacylglycerol and lyso-phosphatidic acid, and influences the phosphorylation of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). Additionally, it enhances the viability of gallbladder cancer cells inhibited by histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACI). This compound is derived from glycerophospholipids through the action of phospholipase D.</p>

<p>AubipyOMe serves as an effective inhibitor of Tartrate-resistant Acid Phosphatase (TRAP/ACP5), a metalloenzyme identified in activated osteoclasts and macrophages. It exhibits inhibitory IC50 values of 1.3 μM against TRAP5a and 1.8 μM against TRAP5b. Additionally, it effectively suppresses TRAP activity in extracts from mouse macrophages and human lung tissues.</p>

<p>7α,24(S)-Dihydroxycholesterol ((3β,7α,24S)-Cholest-5-ene-3,7,24-triol) acts as a ligand for liver X receptors (LXR), specifically binding to the ligand-binding domains of LXRα and LXRβ. This compound is synthesized through the E-α,β-unsaturated ketone process, starting with arsindole and J-secondary-butyl dimethylsiloxy-bis-positive-5-cholestenal as the initial materials. It undergoes a series of transformations to produce 7α,24(S)-dihydroxycholesterol.</p>

<p>3-Ferrocenylpropionic anhydride is extensively used in compound synthesis, serving as an intermediary for producing various bioactive compounds. Additionally, by modulating specific enzyme activities, 3-Ferrocenylpropionic anhydride has demonstrated potential anti-tumor properties.</p>

<p>Homomoschatoline is an antibacterial isolated from Artabotrys crassifolius.</p>

<p>2,4-Dihydroxybutanoic acid is typically not found in extracts of normal human urine and is present only in trace amounts in newborns, while cases of succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency consistently exhibit elevated levels of this metabolite.</p>

<p>RBM14C12 is a compound known for its cell signaling activity. It plays a crucial role in researching lipid metabolism and cell membrane structure. Additionally, RBM14C12 can be utilized in the development of novel compounds aimed at modulating the biological mechanisms associated with lipid-related diseases.</p>

<p>9-cis-β-Carotene, a precursor of retinal, is cleaved by beta-carotene oxygenase 1 (BCMO1) to produce 9-cis-retinal.</p>

<p>Mesembrine is a serotonin reuptake inhibitor and is also a weak inhibitor of the enzyme phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4).</p>

<p>c-di-GMP sodium: STING activator, regulates bacteria biofilm, motility, virulence.</p>

<p>Magnesium ionophore III (ETH 4030) is an ion carrier that regulates intracellular magnesium ion concentrations. It enhances cellular functions and metabolic activities by increasing the permeability of cell membranes to magnesium ions. Additionally, Magnesium ionophore III is utilized in research to explore the significance of magnesium ions in biological processes and their impact on cellular physiology.</p>

<p>Rostratin A, a disulfide from Exserohilum rostratum, is cytotoxic to HCT-116 cells with an IC50 of 8.5 μg/mL.</p>

<p>Urobilin hydrochloride, a metabolic byproduct of Hemoglobin, is excreted through urine and feces in various mammals. It also serves as an indicator of human waste contamination.</p>

<p>S-MTC acetate (S-Methyl-L-thiocitrulline acetate) serves as a potent inhibitor of inducible nitric oxide synthases and is especially effective in inhibiting the constitutive (neuronal) type rather than the inducible (endothelial) type.</p>

<p>Inosine 5'-diphosphate sodium, a purine ribonucleoside diphosphate with inosine as its nucleobase, plays a role in intracellular energy metabolism and signal transduction processes.</p>

<p>(S)-CPP sodium serves as an inhibitor of the branched-chain α-keto acid dehydrogenase complex (BCKDC) kinase, commonly referred to as BDK or keto acid dehydrogenase kinase. As a negative regulator of BCKDC activity, (S)-CPP (IC50 of 6.3 μM) inhibits BDK, which activates the complex, leading to a significant reduction in the levels of leucine/isoleucine and valine in the plasma of wild-type mice.</p>

<p>Diethylumbelliferyl phosphate (DEUP) is a potent and selective inhibitor of cholesterol esterase that does not inhibit protein kinase A activity in vitro. It disrupts steroidogenesis by blocking cholesterol transport to mitochondria in steroidogenic cells, with an IC50 of 11.6 μM. This compound may also limit the absorption of dietary cholesterol.</p>

<p>RS 61756-007 is a selective thromboxane receptor (TP) agonist.</p>

<p>6′SLN is a characteristic glycan found on the surface of cancer-related extracellular vesicles (EVs) and serves as the primary form of protein glycosylation within EVs. Additionally, 6′SLN, a derivative of sialic acid, interacts with hemagglutinins (HAs) from both human and avian influenza strains, making it relevant in the study of anti-influenza drugs.</p>

<p>Fusarisetin A, a pentacyclic fungal metabolite, is an acinar morphogenesis inhibitor .</p>

<p>Morocromen is a 2-benzamidobenzoic acid derivative characterized by its ability to enhance coronary activity.</p>

<p>1-Phenylethanamine, a potential central nervous system stimulant related to β-phenylethylamine (β-phenylethylamine), exhibits diminished glycogenolysis activity in the brain due to its benzene ring being replaced by an indole group. This reduction in activity makes it useful for investigating how the chemical structure of phenylethylamine derivatives influences their effects on the central nervous system. Additionally, 1-Phenylethanamine is also utilized in the synthesis of the tyrosine kinase (tyrosine kinase) inhibitor CLM3.</p>

<p>EpoY (SD-142) is an irreversible inhibitor of the primary brain microtubule-associated tyrosine carboxypeptidase (TCP), a complex formed by vasohibin-1 (VASH1) and small vasohibin-binding protein (SVBP). By inhibiting TCP with an IC50 value of approximately 500 nM, EpoY effectively reduces the levels of detyrosinated α-tubulin, which is crucial for microtubule dynamics and neuronal differentiation. This inhibition results in significant differentiation defects and is linked to potential issues related to cancer and cardiomyopathy.</p>

<p>Lumirubin is a water-soluble photoproduct of bilirubin formed in vivo during phototherapy.</p>

<p>DOCP (2-((2,3-Bis(oleoyloxy)propyl)dimethylammonio)ethyl hydrogen phosphate) is a lipid characterized by an opposite charge orientation compared to traditional phosphatidylcholine (PC) lipids, featuring quaternary ammonium near the bilayer interface and phosphate groups projecting into the aqueous environment. This unique structure of iPC lipids presents an excellent opportunity to investigate the biophysical characteristics and biological activities influenced by the reversal of surface charges on bilayers.</p>

<p>L-Sepiapterin aids in making BH4, a coenzyme essential for eNOS, enhancing artery function and angiogenesis, while suppressing ovarian cancer cell growth.</p>

<p>Substituted piperidines-1 can promote the release of growth hormone in humans and animals.</p>

<p>SAR114137 is a highly effective pharmaceutical compound characterized by potent bioactivity. It exhibits variations in its amorphous content during the physical processing of crystalline active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). The amorphous API content of SAR114137 significantly decreases when subjected to various jet milling techniques. Additionally, SAR114137 demonstrates good chemical stability in drug formulations.</p>

<p>IDX375 is a non-nucleoside inhibitor that selectively targets the HCV NS5B enzyme. It shows promising selectivity for genotypes 1a and 1b. The structure and binding sites of IDX375 have been confirmed through X-ray co-crystallization studies.</p>

<p>RO5101576 is a potent antagonist of LTB4 receptor.</p>

<p>Porphobilinogen act as a phytotoxin, a metabotoxin, and a neurotoxin.</p>

<p>D-Citrulline (H-D-Cit-OH), a stereoisomer of L-citrulline, effectively reduces cardiac contractile dysfunction caused by polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) in isolated perfused rat hearts undergoing ischemia/reperfusion. This protective effect is mediated through a non-NO-mediated mechanism.</p>

<p>Sphingomyelin (d18:1/12:0) is a polar lipid known for its role in modulating cell signal transduction. It plays a critical role in cell membranes, influencing their fluidity and stability. Additionally, sphingomyelin (d18:1/12:0) is involved in lipid metabolism and has potential in promoting neuronal cell growth. This compound is essential for the functioning and development of the nervous system.</p>

<p>15-keto-Prostaglandin E2, an endogenous metabolite, inhibits STAT3 activation through binding to Cys259 and regulates breast cancer cell growth and progression.</p>

<p>3-Benzylidenecamphor, a UV absorber, is noted for its excellent photostability and antioxidant activity. It is extensively utilized in sunscreen products to shield the skin from UV damage. Additionally, 3-Benzylidenecamphor is used in cosmetics to enhance product shelf life and safety.</p>

<p>LTF4, made in vitro from LTE4 with enzymes, contracts vascular muscle weakly; potency is LTD4 &gt; LTC4 &gt; LTE4 &gt;&gt; LTF4.</p>

<p>JX237 is an SLC6A19 inhibitor, a transporter protein that neutralizes amino acid uptake by the liver, and can be used in the study of cardiovascular disease.</p>

<p>8-Dehydrocholesterol is a compound whose elevated concentration is a diagnostic biochemical hallmark of classical Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome.</p>

<p>3-Deoxy-galactosone, a 1,2-dicarbonyl compound, originates from the degradation of galactose. It forms in food during Maillard and caramelization reactions.</p>

<p>Trichloroacetic acid, commonly used for facial chemical resurfacing, is a metabolite of trichloroethylene, believed to contribute to its hepatocarcinogenic effects in mice.</p>

<p>L-Cysteine S-sulfate sodium salt sesquihydrate is a useful organic compound for research related to life sciences. The catalog number is T64782 and the CAS number is 150465-29-5.</p>

<p>2-Methylcitric acid trisodium (Methylcitric acid) is an endogenous metabolite in the 2-methylcitric acid cycle, which accumulates in methylmalonic and propionic acidemias.</p>

<p>O-Allylvanillin, an O-allylchalcone derivative, exhibits anti-cancer properties by inhibiting the growth of THP-1, HL60, Hep-G2, and MCF-7 cells with IC50 values of 74.76 μM, 63.52 μM, 90.99 μM, and 90.11 μM, respectively [1].</p>

<p>Dichloroiodomethane is a natural compound found in human beings[1].</p>

<p>1-Arachidoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine is a lysophospholipid (LyP).</p>

<p>Vitamin D3 octanoate, an ester derived from vitamin D3, is commonly known as cholecalciferol. Cholecalciferol is a naturally occurring form of vitamin D with notable properties such as inducing cell differentiation and impeding cancer cell proliferation.</p>

<p>Beta-Cortol is a metabolite of androgen present in adults.</p>

<p>3-Hydroxy-4-aminopyridine is a natural product for research related to life sciences. The catalog number is T66009 and the CAS number is 52334-53-9.</p>

<p>1-(2,3-Dichlorphenyl)-piperazine (DCPP) is a potent DHCR7 inhibitor. DHCR7 is the last enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis.</p>

<p>N1,N8-Diacetylspermidine hydrochloride is a polyamine found in human urine.</p>

<p>Neuraminic acid: acidic amino sugar, 9 carbon chain, from pyruvic acid + D-mannosamine, in active mucoproteins.</p>

<p>2-(Methoxycarbonyl)benzoic acid is a natural product for research related to life sciences. The catalog number is T67426 and the CAS number is 4376-18-5.</p>

<p>GDP-D-mannose disodium is a natural product for research related to life sciences and the catalog number is T65209.</p>

<p>(±)-α-Tocopherol nicotinate is a useful organic compound for research related to life sciences. The catalog number is T64563 and the CAS number is 51898-34-1.</p>

<p>(S)-3-Hydroxyisobutyric acid is an important interorgan metabolite.</p>

<p>Creatinine-D3 is a deuterium-labeled Creatinine which is a break-down product of creatine phosphate in muscle.</p>

<p>Gamma-glutamylcysteine is a natural product for research related to life sciences. The catalog number is T38024 and the CAS number is 636-58-8.</p>

<p>L-Glyceric acid sodium, a urinary metabolite, is predominantly found in individuals with the rare inherited metabolic disorder L-glyceric aciduria. This compound is a diagnostic tool for identifying primary hyperoxaluria type 2 (PH2) and distinguishing it from primary hyperoxaluria type 1 (PH1) based on its excretion pattern.</p>

<p>4-Nitrophenyl N-acetyl-β-D-galactosaminide is a useful organic compound for research related to life sciences. The catalog number is T67691 and the CAS number is 14948-96-0.</p>

<p>Lichenase, an enzyme, breaks down β-glucans in grains into GOS, aiding polysaccharide degradation in cell walls.</p>

<p>MRS2802 is a P2Y14 receptor agonist, its EC50 value for P2Y14 receptor is 63 nM.</p>

<p>3-Hydroxyhippuric acid is an acyl glycine, which are normally minor metabolites of fatty acids.</p>

<p>3-Methylcrotonylglycine is an acyl glycine, a normal amino acid metabolite found in urine.</p>

<p>Cysteinylglycine TFA is an endogenous metabolite. It is used in disease diagnosis.</p>

<p>4-Hydroxybenzyl cyanide (4-Hydroxyphenylacetonitrile) shows strong antioxidative activity.</p>

<p>Isonicotinic acid is a metabolite of Isoniazid.Isonicotinic acid is a useful isomer of nicotinic acid. Isoniazid is converted to Isonicotinic acid by hydrazinolysis, with the biotransformation also to be catalyzed by cytochrome P450 enzymes, such as CYP2C.</p>

<p>p-Toluic Acid (4-Methylbenzoic acid) belongs to the class of organic compounds known as benzoic acids. 4-Methylbenzoic acid has been primarily detected in saliva. Within the cell, 4-methylbenzoic acid is primarily located in the cytoplasm.</p>

<p>Coumaran (2,3-Dihydrobenzofuran) is an acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor isolated from leaves of L. camara. Coumaran(2,3-Dihydrobenzofuran) can be used as a biopesticide. 2,3-dihydrobenzofuran is a member of the class of 1-benzofurans that is the 2,3-dihydroderivative of benzofuran. It has a role as a metabolite.</p>

<p>10Z-Nonadecenoic acid is a long-chain fatty acid with anti-tumor activity.</p>

<p>Applications Derivative of Artemisinin (A777500). Antimalarial, used to treat strains of malaria which are multi-drug resistant.<br>References Hombhanje, F., et al.: Pharma., 3, 3581 (2010), Michael, O., et al.: Malaria J., 9, 335 (2010), Cesar, I., et al.: J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 54, 114 (2011),<br></p>

<p>1-Methyladenine is a DNA alkylation product that undergoes damage reversal through oxidative demethylation for repair purposes.</p>