Amino Acids (AA)

(R)-(-)-Glycidyl nosylate is an epoxide that is used in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals. It has shown mutagenic activity and can be used to produce chiral glycidyl compounds. (R)-(-)-Glycidyl nosylate has been evaluated as a potential drug for the treatment of cancer, but was found to have limited pharmacological activity. This compound binds to protein kinases and may inhibit their activity. (R)-(-)-Glycidyl nosylate also possesses aliphatic properties and is an enantiopure molecule. The stereoisomers of glycidyl nosylate are also available, with the most common being (+)glycidylether.

3-Phenyl-1-propanol is an organic compound that belongs to the class of trifluoroacetic acids. It has a molecular weight of 134.24 and a molecular formula of C8H12O2F3. 3-Phenyl-1-propanol is a reactive compound that reacts with germinating seeds, causing them to stop growing. The reaction products are fatty acid esters, which may be responsible for the inhibition of seed germination. 3-Phenyl-1-propanol can be prepared by reacting phenylacetaldehyde with trifluoroacetic acid in the presence of potassium hydroxide at high temperature and pressure. This method also produces 4-vinylbenzyl alcohol as a side product, which is used in the production of polymers and plastics.

3-Methyl-1-pentyn-3-ol is a chemical that has been shown to have interactive effects on the metabolism of urea nitrogen and low light. 3-Methyl-1-pentyn-3-ol has been shown to produce a depressant effect in animals, which may be due to its ability to inhibit the production of acetylcholine by blocking the enzyme cholinesterase. This chemical has also been shown to react with hydroxyl groups, producing a pharmacological agent. The reaction mechanism for 3-methyl pentynol is via hydrolysis by hydrochloric acid or pentobarbital sodium.

H-Phe-Leu-Glu-Glu-Leu-OH is a synthetic vitamin B6 derivative that has been shown to be effective in treating infectious diseases. It inhibits the synthesis of proteins by inhibiting the carboxylase enzyme, which is involved in the reaction mechanism of amino acid metabolism. This drug also has a redox potential that is higher than that of other drugs and can react with coumarin derivatives to form quinones, which can inhibit protein synthesis. H-Phe-Leu-Glu-Glu-Leu-OH has been shown to be more effective than vitamin B6 in preventing stachyose accumulation and increasing body mass index. The drug also has an epoxidase activity that can lead to an increased production of reactive oxygen species, which may have antioxidant properties. H-Phe-Leu-Glu-Glu-Leu OH also contains a signal peptide and decarboxylated form

2-Acetyl-5-methylthiophene is a heteroatomic compound that can be used in cancer therapy. It has been shown to inhibit the growth of human cell lines and to have anticancer activity. This compound is also known for its potential interaction with fatty acids, which may be due to the molecular electrostatic potential. The molecule's structure contains a β-unsaturated ketone, which is an active site for many reactions and may interact with other compounds such as thiosemicarbazide. 2-Acetyl-5-methylthiophene has two isomers, namely 5-methylthiophen-2-yl acetate and 5-(acetyloxy)methylthiophen-2-yl acetate. These two molecules differ in the arrangement of their carbons and hydrogens on the central carbon atom and are not considered to be identical substances.

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DL-4-Hydroxyphenylglycine is an active analogue of the natural amino acid L-glycine, which is a precursor in the biosynthesis of sulfamides. DL-4-Hydroxyphenylglycine has been shown to be active as an anti-infective agent against many bacteria and fungi that are resistant to other sulfa drugs. It is synthesized by reacting sodium carbonate and ammonia with the amide of 4-hydroxybenzeneacetic acid. The cyclic peptide is then hydrolyzed to form free DL-4-hydroxyphenylglycine. This drug has also been shown to have a strong inhibitory effect on fatty acid metabolism in liver cells, which may be due to its ability to bind to fatty acids and reduce their uptake by cells.

2-Hydroxy-4-methylquinoline is an organic compound that has a chelate ring. It is soluble in deionized water and reacts with metal ions to form a fluorescent product. The molecule also has antibacterial activity, which may be due to its ability to inhibit the growth of bacteria by acting as a metal ion chelator. 2-Hydroxy-4-methylquinoline can react with halides and ammonium persulfate to form isomeric products, such as 4,5-dihydroxyquinoline, which have been shown to have antimicrobial properties. 2-Hydroxy-4-methylquinoline can also react with phosphorus oxychloride and alkylating agents such as chloroethane or chloroform to form substituted derivatives.

Z-NH-PEG2-CH2CH2COOH is a PEG compound with two different functional groups (also known as heterobifunctional). Unlike homobifunctional PEG compounds (same functional group on both ends), this type of compounds are more versatile as have two different anchor points. Z-NH-PEG2-CH2CH2COOH is used as a linker and spacer to add a PEG moiety, via pegylation (a bioconjugation technique) to proteins, peptides, oligonucleotides, small molecules and nanoparticles.

Proinsulin C-Peptide is a subunit of insulin. It is produced by proteolytic cleavage of proinsulin and has been used as a diagnostic agent for pancreatic beta cell function. Proinsulin C-Peptide encompasses the amino acids from 55 to 89 in the sequence of insulin. It can be used as a diagnostic agent for type 1 diabetes mellitus, which is characterized by an autoimmune destruction of beta cells, and other diseases such as multiple myeloma and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma that are associated with decreased levels of proinsulin C-Peptide.

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S-Methyl thiohexanoate is a fatty acid that is the product of the serine protease activity of the potato tuber. It has been shown to have a transcriptional regulatory effect on carbon source utilization and natural compounds production, which may be due to its ability to alter the phospholipid composition in plant cells. S-Methyl thiohexanoate can inhibit or induce natural compounds production depending on the concentration used. The effects of this compound are mediated by its ability to form hydrogen bonds with hydroxyl groups in phospholipids, altering their configuration and consequently disrupting membrane integrity. S-Methyl thiohexanoate also has been shown to act as an electron donor for covalent polymerization reactions catalyzed by DNA polymerases and reverse transcriptases. This may be due to its ability to form hydrogen bonds with phosphate groups in nucleic acids, altering their configuration and consequently disrupting DNA or RNA synthesis.

Azido-L-tyrosine CHA salt is a useful azide functionalised amino acid. Provides a handle for click chemistry.

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Isovaleryl-Phe-Nle-Sta-Ala-Sta-OH (IVAS) is a small molecule that has been shown to be an angiotensin system inhibitor. IVAS blocks the binding site of the angiotensin receptor and prevents the activation of this system. This effect is dose dependent and can be used to treat high blood pressure in humans. IVAS is a long-acting drug and has been shown to be effective in primates as well as humans. The drug is rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and eliminated by metabolism, mainly through hydrolysis by esterases or glucuronidases, oxidation by cytochrome P450 enzymes, reduction by glutathione reductase, or conjugation with glucuronic acid. IVAS also specifically binds to markers expressed at high levels in Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains (e.g., ESX-1 secretion system protein) and inhibits cell growth in culture.

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Z-NH-PEG5-CH2CH2COOH is a PEG compound with two different functional groups (also known as heterobifunctional). Unlike homobifunctional PEG compounds (same functional group on both ends), this type of compounds are more versatile as have two different anchor points. Z-NH-PEG5-CH2CH2COOH is used as a linker and spacer to add a PEG moiety, via pegylation (a bioconjugation technique) to proteins, peptides, oligonucleotides, small molecules and nanoparticles.

2-(2-Methoxyphenoxy)ethanol (2-MPE) is a metabolite of propanediol, which is a precursor in the synthesis of polyurethanes. 2-MPE can be oxidized by monooxygenases to form syringyl and other reactive metabolites. Basic hydrolysis may also produce monomers such as phenols, alcohols, and carboxylic acids. Syringyl is one of the metabolic products of 2-MPE, which has been shown to be resistant to degradation by basidiomycete fungi.