Amino Acids (AA)

<p>3-Methylbutanoic acid is an antimicrobial agent that belongs to the group of isovaleric acids. It is a product of β-oxidation and has been shown to inhibit the growth of bacteria by reacting with their surface. 3-Methylbutanoic acid inhibits bacterial growth by binding to the pyrazole ring in DNA and altering its conformation, preventing DNA replication. This reaction occurs at a rate comparable to that of other fluoroquinolones, such as ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, and norfloxacin. 3-Methylbutanoic acid has been shown to have antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, particularly those that are resistant to erythromycin or lincomycin.</p>

<p>L-phenylalanine is an amino acid that has a sweet taste. It is one of the 20 amino acids encoded by the universal genetic code, and is classified as a polar amino acid because it has a hydroxyl group on its side chain. L-Phenylalanine is used in the food industry as a sweetener and to enhance salty or acidic flavors. Phenylalanine has been shown to be an important precursor for several important neurotransmitters in the brain. This includes serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine. Phenylalanine also plays a role in protein metabolism and enzyme activity, including aminopeptidases and racemases, which are enzymes that catalyze reactions involving racemic mixtures.</p>

<p>Boc-Ala-Ala-Pro-Ala-pNA is a synthetic peptide analog of the amino acid sequence Pro-Gly-Arg. It has been shown to inhibit the proliferation of prostate cancer cells, as well as to inhibit tumor growth in animals. This peptide also inhibits protease activity in subtilisin and has been used to study the inhibition of angiogenesis by endothelial cell proliferation. The peptide is an inhibitor of ion exchange and has been used to study the effects of fatty acids on carcinoma cell lines. Boc-Ala-Ala-Pro-Ala-pNA has also been shown to be active against other animal cells and could be used for research purposes.</p>