Peptides

<p>Peptide H-ILDTAGHEEY-OH is a Research Peptide with significant interest within the field academic and medical research. This peptide is available for purchase at Cymit Quimica in multiple sizes and with a specification of your choice.</p>

<p>Peptide H-EPVLKGVKL-OH is a Research Peptide with significant interest within the field academic and medical research. This peptide is available for purchase at Cymit Quimica in multiple sizes and with a specification of your choice.</p>

<p>Peptide H-QPTESIVRF-OH is a Research Peptide with significant interest within the field academic and medical research. This peptide is available for purchase at Cymit Quimica in multiple sizes and with a specification of your choice.</p>

<p>Peptide H-KIGDFGLATEK-OH is a Research Peptide with significant interest within the field academic and medical research. This peptide is available for purchase at Cymit Quimica in multiple sizes and with a specification of your choice.</p>

<p>Peptide H-SGSDEVQVGQQR-OH is a Research Peptide with significant interest within the field academic and medical research. This peptide is available for purchase at Cymit Quimica in multiple sizes and with a specification of your choice.</p>

<p>Peptide H-TGREIVDLMCHATFT-OH is a Research Peptide with significant interest within the field academic and medical research. This peptide is available for purchase at Cymit Quimica in multiple sizes and with a specification of your choice.</p>

<p>Peptide H-LLGAEEK-OH is a Research Peptide with significant interest within the field academic and medical research. This peptide is available for purchase at Cymit Quimica in multiple sizes and with a specification of your choice.</p>

<p>Peptide H-YLTQETNK-OH is a Research Peptide with significant interest within the field academic and medical research. This peptide is available for purchase at Cymit Quimica in multiple sizes and with a specification of your choice.</p>

<p>Peptide H-NSLYLQMNSLR-OH is a Research Peptide with significant interest within the field academic and medical research. This peptide is available for purchase at Cymit Quimica in multiple sizes and with a specification of your choice.</p>

<p>Peptide H-KLAELFTSW-OH is a Research Peptide with significant interest within the field academic and medical research. This peptide is available for purchase at Cymit Quimica in multiple sizes and with a specification of your choice.</p>

<p>Peptide H-RVDPVNF-OH is a Research Peptide with significant interest within the field academic and medical research. This peptide is available for purchase at Cymit Quimica in multiple sizes and with a specification of your choice.</p>

<p>Peptide H-HLIPAANTGESK-OH is a Research Peptide with significant interest within the field academic and medical research. This peptide is available for purchase at Cymit Quimica in multiple sizes and with a specification of your choice.</p>

<p>Peptide H-LFDLVDGFAESTK-OH is a Research Peptide with significant interest within the field academic and medical research. This peptide is available for purchase at Cymit Quimica in multiple sizes and with a specification of your choice.</p>

<p>Peptide H-TELLPGDR-OH is a Research Peptide with significant interest within the field academic and medical research. This peptide is available for purchase at Cymit Quimica in multiple sizes and with a specification of your choice.</p>

<p>Peptide H-LLAHAFPPG-OH is a Research Peptide with significant interest within the field academic and medical research. This peptide is available for purchase at Cymit Quimica in multiple sizes and with a specification of your choice.</p>

<p>Peptide H-HAAAAA-OH is a Research Peptide with significant interest within the field academic and medical research. This peptide is available for purchase at Cymit Quimica in multiple sizes and with a specification of your choice.</p>

<p>Peptide H-VDWENVSPELNSTDQ-OH is a Research Peptide with significant interest within the field academic and medical research. This peptide is available for purchase at Cymit Quimica in multiple sizes and with a specification of your choice.</p>

<p>Peptide H-SCDTPPPCPR-OH is a Research Peptide with significant interest within the field academic and medical research. This peptide is available for purchase at Cymit Quimica in multiple sizes and with a specification of your choice.</p>

<p>Β-sheet amyloid aggregate peptide is a short peptide that has been shown to form β-sheet amyloid aggregates in vitro. Proteins that contain such sequences are likely to be problematic for a cell, due to their potential to aggregate into toxic structures. This peptide is available for purchase at Cymit Quimica in multiple sizes and with a specification of your choice.</p>

<p>Peptide H-LQEEDAGEYGCMVDGAR-NH2 is a Research Peptide with significant interest within the field academic and medical research. This peptide is available for purchase at Cymit Quimica in multiple sizes and with a specification of your choice.</p>

<p>Peptide H-LLPRELFPPL-OH is a Research Peptide with significant interest within the field academic and medical research. This peptide is available for purchase at Cymit Quimica in multiple sizes and with a specification of your choice.</p>

<p>Ovalbumin (257-264) is an acetate salt of a fragment of the protein ovalbumin.</p>

Cyclo[Arg-Gly-Asp-D-Phe-Lys(H-Ser)], is a peptide that mimics the amino acid sequence of the RGD motif found in fibronectin, which has been shown to be involved in cell attachment and proliferation. Cyclo[Arg-Gly-Asp-D-Phe-Lys(H-Ser)] binds to integrin receptors and inhibits tumor growth. It also shows potential as a targeting agent for anticancer drugs. Cyclo[Arg-Gly-Asp-D-Phe-Lys(H-Ser)] is a cyclic peptide that can be derivatized with reactive groups such as azides, alcohols, esters, haloalkanes, and isocyanates.

<p>FK18 is a basic fibroblastic growth factor that has been shown to promote neuronal survival and is neuroprotective. It also can prevent glutamate-induced neurotoxicity in the central nervous system (CNS) by inhibiting glutamate release from the synaptic cleft, which leads to neuronal death. FK18 has been shown to have anti-inflammatory properties, which may be due to its ability to inhibit the production of prostaglandins and other inflammatory mediators. FK18 has also been shown to reduce necrotic cell death by decreasing mitochondrial membrane potential.</p>

<p>TentaGel resin; constructed with a backbone of low cross-linked polystyrene grafted with polyoxyethylene (polyethylene glycol). The typical chain length of POE (n) is approximately 68 ethylene oxide units or an average MW of 3000. This long chain creates a spacer that effectively separates the reactive site (X) from the crosslinked backbone matrix.<br>TentaGel; HL (High Load) (mean particle size 110 µm: capacity 04-06 meq/g)</p>

<p>H-Asp(2-ClTrt-Resin)-OtBu (α Ester) is a building block that is used in peptide synthesis. It can be resubstituted with the amino acid, aspartic acid, and used in the formation of peptides. This resin is insoluble in water and soluble in dichloromethane and dimethylformamide. The H-Asp(2-ClTrt-Resin)-OtBu (α Ester) can also be used to form disulfides or thioethers.</p>

<p>Proinsulin is a peptide hormone that is made up of the amino acid chain, insulin. It is synthesized in the beta cells of the pancreas and is stored in granules with other hormones. The proinsulin molecule consists of two chains linked by disulfide bonds, which are broken down to release insulin when needed. Proinsulin can activate receptors on cells, which leads to a number of physiological responses including changes in metabolism and ion channels. It has been shown to be an important research tool for studying protein interactions and pharmacology. Proinsulin also has potential as a therapeutic agent for the treatment of diabetes mellitus type I due to its ability to inhibit glucose production in the liver.</p>

<p>Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal esterase L5 is a peptide that belongs to the ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase family. It is expressed in humans as an approximately 20 kDa protein. Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal esterase L5 is an activator of the ion channel TRPM4 and also inhibits the protein interactions of SH2 domain proteins. This enzyme has been used as a research tool for studying ion channels, cell biology, and pharmacology.</p>

<p>H-Trp(Boc)-2-ClTrt-Resin (200-400 mesh) is a resin that contains amines and thiols. It can be used as a building block of peptides and proteins. H-Trp(Boc)-2-ClTrt-Resin (200-400 mesh) can also be used in the synthesis of alcohols, which are important chemicals for industry.</p>

<p>Presenilin 1 (349-361) is a peptide that is a substrate for glycogen synthase. It is cleaved from the precursor protein presenilin 1 and has a molecular weight of 4.5 kDa. Presenilin 1 (349-361) is an enzyme substrate that can be used in biochemical assays to research glycogen metabolism.</p>

<p>Angiotensin II is a peptide hormone that is secreted by the kidneys. It stimulates the release of aldosterone and causes vasoconstriction, leading to an increase in blood pressure. Angiotensin II is also involved in other physiological functions such as the regulation of fluid balance, electrolyte levels, and blood coagulation. The drug is used to treat congestive heart failure and high blood pressure. Sar1-Angiotensin II has been shown to inhibit transcriptional regulation by binding to the angiotensin receptor type 1 (AT1). This binding disrupts conformational changes in the receptor, preventing signal transduction from occurring and decreasing the activity of enzymes such as protein kinase A, which are needed for activation of transcription factors.</p>

Cyclo(Arg-Ala-Asp-D-Tyr-Cys) is a peptide that has been shown to activate ion channels, which may lead to an increase in the permeability of the membrane. Cyclo(Arg-Ala-Asp-D-Tyr-Cys) has also been shown to inhibit ligand binding to receptors and antibody production. Cyclo(Arg-Ala-Asp-D-Tyr-Cys) is not intended for use as a research tool or in cell biology.

<p>Tylotoin is a peptide that has been shown to have a proliferative effect on endothelial cells. It also acts as an inhibitor of cell proliferation in keratinocytes and fibroblasts, without affecting the proliferation of other cell types. Tylotoin is structurally similar to the disulfide-rich peptides from the salamander Tylototriton verrucosus, which are known for their wound healing properties. The proliferative effects of tylotoin are thought to be due to its ability to inhibit the proteolytic enzymes that degrade extracellular matrix proteins in endothelial cells.</p>

<p>Unsubstituted Resins for Solid Phase Synthesis; 0.3-0.65 meq/g</p>

CLEAR-Base Resin (HCl) is a high-purity resin that has been used in the study of protein interactions, such as receptor and ligand binding. CLEAR-Base Resin (HCl) is also an inhibitor that can be used to block ion channels.

<p>Fmoc-Lys(Alloc)-Wang Resin (100-200 mesh) is a research tool that is used in the study of protein interactions. It has been shown to be an effective inhibitor for ion channels and cell biology. This resin can also be used to identify ligands and receptors, as well as their binding affinities. Fmoc-Lys(Alloc)-Wang Resin (100-200 mesh) is a high purity product that can be used in pharmacology and peptide synthesis.</p>

<p>Abz-Ser-Pro-Tyr(NO2)-OH is a peptide that has been shown to be an angiotensin I converting enzyme II (ACE) substrate and an inhibitor of ACE. It also inhibits the release of renin from the juxtaglomerular apparatus, which is needed for the production of angiotensin II. This peptide is used in biochemical research and as a standard for measuring enzymatic activity.</p>

<p>Fmoc-Asp(OtBu)-Rink-Amide MBHA Resin is a building block for peptides. It is an acid labile resin that can be cleaved with TFA to provide amine-protected dipeptides and tripeptides. This product is used as a building block for peptide synthesis.</p>

Fmoc-Thr(tBu)-Rink-Amide MBHA Resin is a resin that can be used for the synthesis of peptides. It is an inhibitor of Protein interactions, Activator, Ligand, and Receptor. This resin can be used in research to study ion channels and antibodies. Fmoc-Thr(tBu)-Rink-Amide MBHA Resin is also a high purity product with CAS No.

<p>Fmoc-Met-Wang Resin (100-200 mesh) 1% DVB is a resin that has been synthesized by the Fmoc group. The resin is used to attach peptides, proteins and other organic molecules to a solid support for use in research. The resin is also an activator of ligands and can be used as a receptor for the binding of antibodies. The resin has high purity and is made from methacrylate polymer. It contains no detectable levels of hydroquinone and 4-Vinylpyridine.<br>Fmoc-Met-Wang Resin (100-200 mesh) 1% DVB can be used as a research tool in cell biology, immunology, pharmacology, protein interactions, receptor binding, ion channel activation and more. CAS No.: 58897-27-6</p>

<p>Ac-His-D-Phe(p-Iodo)-Arg-Trp-NH2 is a peptide that binds to the melanocortin receptor. It is a potent antagonist of MSH and related peptides and has been shown to be effective in the treatment of cancer, including melanoma.</p>

<p>Fmoc-ß-Ala-Rink-Amide MBHA Resin is a peptide synthesis resin that can be used in the production of peptides and proteins. It is an activator for antibody production, as well as an inhibitor of ion channels. Fmoc-ß-Ala-Rink-Amide MBHA Resin also has high purity and excellent solubility. This product is used in life science research to study protein interactions and receptor pharmacology.</p>

<p>H-ε-Aca-2-ClTrt-Resin (100-200 mesh) is a resin that can be used for peptide synthesis. It is a building block which contains amines, thiols and alcohols. It also contains DVB (dibenzylideneacetone) which is an additive that stabilizes the resin and prevents it from swelling or dissolving. The resin will be soluble in organic solvents such as chloroform and methanol. H-ε-Aca-2-ClTrt-Resin (100 - 200 mesh) is used for peptide synthesis because it provides good yields of product with low side reactions.</p>

<p>OD1 toxin is a peptide that belongs to the scorpion family. It is a potent activator of voltage-gated sodium channels and has been shown to be effective in the treatment of pain, inflammation, and other neurological disorders. OD1 toxin also has the ability to regulate the release of neurotransmitters in the central nervous system. The peptides are produced by Odonthobuthus doriae and are structurally rich in disulfide bonds. These molecules have been shown to act as channel activators, which bind to voltage-gated sodium channels at depolarized membrane potentials, increasing neuronal excitability and triggering action potentials.</p>

<p>H-Asp-[Pen-Phe-Trp-Lys-Tyr-Cys]-Val-OH is a peptide that belongs to the class of biochemicals. It is a disulfide-rich peptide that is found in the brain, and has been shown to increase blood flow and activate the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis in animals. Urotensin II and related peptides are also found in the brain, but have not been shown to have any effect on blood flow or hormone levels.</p>

<p>Fmoc-Asn(Trt)-Rink-Amide MBHA Resin is an ion channel blocker and a research tool that can be used to study the effects of peptides and other small molecules on ion channels. It is a high purity resin with a CAS number of 47794-33-4. The Fmoc-Asn(Trt)-Rink-Amide MBHA Resin is an inhibitor of the Ca2+ channel and the K+ channel and it can be used in pharmacology, cell biology, and immunology research.</p>

<p>Hypertension is a condition that affects the heart and blood vessels. It is caused by a number of factors, including increased blood pressure, high levels of cholesterol, diabetes, and genetics. Hypertension can lead to stroke, kidney disease, heart failure, or death. This drug was designed to target hypertension by activating protease-activated receptor (PAR) peptides in the body. PAR peptides are found in many tissues throughout the body and are involved in inflammation and coagulation. PAR2 has been shown to be involved in cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease. The drug was designed for use as an oral treatment for hypertension and related conditions.</p>

<p>H-Thr-Phe-Arg-Gly-Ala-Pro-NH2 is a peptide that activates coagulation. It is a biologically active peptide and has been shown to activate protease activated receptor (PAR) peptides, PAR2, and PAR3. H-Thr-Phe-Arg-Gly-Ala-Pro-NH2 regulates hypertension by inhibiting the activity of angiotensin II type 1 receptors.</p>

<p>Beta-2 Microglobulin Human is a research tool that can be used to study the activation of receptors, ion channels, and protein interactions. It is a ligand that binds to cell surface receptors. It is also an inhibitor that blocks the formation of antibodies by binding to human immunoglobulin G (IgG) and prevents it from binding to antigens. Beta-2 Microglobulin Human is a high purity protein with a CAS number of 1768-01-7.</p>

<p>H-Phe-2-ClTrt-Resin (100-200 mesh) 1% DVB is a building block that is used in peptide synthesis. It has been shown to react with amines and thiols, as well as alcohols, yielding a resin that can be used for the protection of amino acids during peptide synthesis. This product is supplied as a dry powder containing 1% DVB, 100 to 200 mesh.</p>

<p>GO-CoA-Tat is a cell-penetrating peptide that inhibits ghrelin O-acyltransferase, a key enzyme in the production of ghrelin. GO-CoA-Tat has been shown to reduce body weight and improve glucose tolerance in animal models of obesity. It has also been shown to be an effective inhibitor of cell proliferation.</p>

<p>M-CSF is a protein that is involved in the regulation of the immune system. It is an activator of macrophages, and it also binds to receptors on cells of the immune system. It can be used as a research tool for studying how cells communicate with each other, and how certain proteins interact with each other. M-CSF is also an antibody that can bind to ion channels and other proteins. This antibody can be used for pharmacological studies to find inhibitors for specific proteins or peptides. M-CSF has been shown to have effects on many different types of cells, including lymphocytes, monocytes, neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, and mast cells.</p>

<p>H-Nle-2-ClTrt-Resin (200-400 mesh) 1% DVB is a resin that is used as a building block for peptide synthesis. It is an alcohol resin that contains amines, thiols, and alcohols. This resin has been shown to be useful in the synthesis of peptides and proteins.</p>

Retatrutide is a 39 amino acid single peptide with triple agonist activity at the glucagon receptor (GCGR), glucosedependent insulinotropic polypeptide receptor (GIPR), and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R). The backbone is conjugated to a C20 fatty diacid moiety at position 17. Retatrutide has a Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) peptide backbone, which then contains three non-coded amino acids. Aib2 (α-amino isobutyric acid) residues at positions 2 and 20 provide stability against Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 (DPP4) cleavage and contribute to GIP activity. αMeL13 (α-methyl-L-leucine)at position 20 also contributes to GIP and glucagon activity. Retatrutide can be used for the research of obesity obesity, diabetes, and fatty liver disease. It is a works in three ways: stimulating insulin release, suppressing appetite, and promoting fat breakdown.

<p>Unsubstituted Resins for Solid Phase Synthesis</p>

<p>Nesfatin-1 is a peptide hormone that is synthesized in the brain, pancreas, and gut. It can be found in human plasma and cerebrospinal fluid. Nesfatin-1 has been shown to decrease food intake through its effects on the hypothalamus. This peptide hormone also stimulates insulin secretion from pancreatic beta cells, which may be due to its ability to inhibit the release of glucagon. Nesfatin-1 has been shown to have a strong effect on glucose homeostasis and may be used as an adjunct therapy for diabetes mellitus type 2 patients who are resistant to metformin treatment.</p>

<p>H-Leu-Ser-Ile-Gly-Arg-Leu-NH2 is a peptide that has been shown to have coagulation and cardiovascular effects. It also has protease-activated receptor (PAR) and PAR2 activity, which may be the mechanism for its observed antihypertensive effects. H-Leu-Ser-Ile-Gly-Arg-Leu NH2 is a biologically active peptide that belongs to the group of protease activated receptor (PAR) peptides. It has been shown to activate PAR2 in human endothelial cells and stimulate vasodilation and nitric oxide production.</p>

<p>Antimicrobial peptide consisting of disulfide bonds between Cys2-Cys30, Cys4-Cys19, and Cys9-Cys29. Alpha-defensin-4 is a small, cationic peptide that is part of the alpha-defensin family of antimicrobial peptides in humans. It is primarily produced by neutrophils, which are a type of white blood cell that plays a critical role in the immune response to bacterial infections.<br>Alpha-defensin-4 is known to have broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity against a wide range of bacterial pathogens, including both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Like other alpha-defensins, alpha-defensin-4 achieves its antimicrobial activity by disrupting the cell membranes of the pathogens, leading to cell lysis and death.<br>In addition to its antimicrobial activity, alpha-defensin-4 has been found to have other functions in the body, including modulating the immune response and promoting tissue repair. It has also been implicated in the pathogenesis of certain inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis and psoriasis.<br>Alpha-defensin-4 is typically found in various bodily fluids, including blood, urine, and semen, and its levels can be used as a diagnostic marker for certain conditions. For example, elevated levels of alpha-defensin-4 in joint fluid can be indicative of a bacterial infection in the joint, which can help to guide treatment decisions.</p>

<p>TNF-α is a cytokine that regulates the immune system by stimulating the production of other proteins called cytokines. It also inhibits the growth of bacteria such as Escherichia coli and some viruses. TNF-α has been shown to have a wide range of effects on cells, including inducing cell death (apoptosis) and inhibiting protein synthesis.<br>It is a non-glycosylated polypeptide with molecular mass of 17.3kDa.</p>

<p>TentaGel; resins are grafted copolymers consisting of a low cross-linked polystyrene matrix on which polyethylene glycol (PEG or POE) is grafted. The PEG spacer is attached to the matrix via an ethyl ether group which increases stability towards acid treatment and minimizes PEG-leaching. As PEG is a "chameleon type" polymer with hydrophobic and hydrophilic properties, the graft copolymer shows modified physico chemical properties which are highly dominated by the PEG moiety (and no longer by the polystyrene matrix). These graft copolymers are pressure stable and can be used in batch processes as well as under continuous flow conditions. The PEG spacer is in the range of M.W. 3000 Da. The micro spherical shape and the monosized character of this resin allow applications in automated sorters, for creating huge libraries, high speed synthesis etc.<br>Particle size: 20 µm monosized capacity: 0.2 - 0.3 mmol/g.</p>

<p>Fmoc-Cys(Trt)-Wang Resin (100-200 mesh) 1% DVB is a research tool that is used as an activator, ligand or receptor for cell biology, antibody production or ion channels. It has been used in the study of protein interactions and pharmacology. Fmoc-Cys(Trt)-Wang Resin (100-200 mesh) 1% DVB is a high purity resin that can be used to synthesize peptides and compounds for life science purposes. It is also an inhibitor that can be used to block enzymatic reactions.</p>

IL-13 is a cytokine that belongs to the IL-4 family of cytokines. IL-13 is an activator of B cells and mast cells. It binds to the IL-4 receptor and can activate lymphocytes, macrophages, eosinophils, basophils, and neutrophils. This cytokine has been shown to inhibit ion channels in airway epithelium cells and also bind to the alpha1 subunit of the N-methyl d-aspartate receptor. IL-13 is also a ligand for the IL-4 receptor, which may be important for its function as a regulator of other cytokines such as TNFα or IFNγ.

<p>H-His(Trt)-2-ClTrt-Resin (100-200 mesh) 1% DVB is a resin that is used in the synthesis of peptides. It is a building block for synthesizing peptides and proteins. H-His(Trt)-2-ClTrt-Resin (100-200 mesh) 1% DVB is also used as an alcohol for amine coupling. This resin has been shown to be useful in the synthesis of thiols, amines, and building blocks.</p>

<p>HiGom is a venom that belongs to the group of proteins that can produce reactive oxygen species. It has been shown to inhibit mitochondrial membrane potential, cellular viability, and the production of reactive oxygen species. HiGom has also been shown to inhibit the production of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in response to chronic pain. This protein may be useful for cancer treatment as it has been shown to inhibit tumor growth by inducing apoptosis and inhibiting angiogenesis.</p>

<p>Fmoc-Arg(Pbf)-Wang resin is a building block for the synthesis of peptides. It is a resin that is used for the solid phase synthesis of peptides and oligonucleotides with Fmoc chemistry. This resin is provided in powder form, as well as in various particle sizes from 100 to 200 mesh. The resin has been shown to be stable in the presence of DIC/HOBT coupling reactions and can be used with other resins for automated peptide synthesizers.Substitution: 0.3meq/gSwelling: 4.4ml/g (DCM - 30min)</p>

Suc-Glu-Ala-Leu-Phe-Gln-pNA is a substrate for human rhinovirus 3C protease. The peptide is a mixture of four amino acids and has been synthesized to serve as an inhibitor of the HRV3C protease enzyme. Suc-Glu-Ala-Leu-Phe-Gln-pNA is expected to inhibit the HRV3C protease by binding to the active site, thereby preventing cleavage of viral proteins that are needed for replication.

H-Asp(OtBu)-2-ClTrt-Resin (200-400 mesh) 1% DVB is a tool for peptide synthesis. It contains a set of building blocks including thiols, alcohols, amines, and resin. The resin is used as the solid support for peptide synthesis. The thiols react with the resin to form a covalent bond that anchors the building blocks to the solid support. The alcohols and amines can be reacted with amino acids or other activated carboxylic acids to synthesize peptides on this type of resin.

<p>MOCAc-Pro-Cha-Gly-Nva-His-Ala-Dap(Dnp)-NH2 is a peptide that inhibits the activity of various proteases, including collagenase, MMPs and stromelysin. It has been shown to inhibit cancer cells in vitro and to reduce tumor growth in vivo. MOCAc-Pro-Cha-Gly-Nva-His-Ala-Dap(Dnp)-NH2 may be useful for the treatment of angiogenesis and metastasis, which are hallmarks of cancer.<br>MOCAc is an inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), which are enzymes that break down the extracellular matrix and basement membrane during tissue remodeling. MOCAc inhibits both type I (collagenases) and type II (gelatinases) collagenase activity, as well as other proteolytic activities such as stromelysin or elast</p>

<p>Cyclo(Arg-Gly-Asp-D-Tyr-Lys) is a new synthetic peptide with anticancer activity. It has been shown to inhibit the growth of bladder cancer cells in vitro and in vivo, with no evidence of toxicity to normal bladder cells. Cyclo(Arg-Gly-Asp-D-Tyr-Lys) is a light sensitive molecule that can be delivered by an injection or as a pill. The peptide has been shown to have synergistic anticancer effects when combined with epirubicin, a chemotherapeutic drug used for the treatment of solid tumours, such as glioma and other cancers. Cyclo(Arg-Gly-Asp-D-Tyr-Lys) is also taken up by cells and causes DNA damage at the cellular level, leading to apoptosis.</p>

<p>This is a vivitide catalogue product. Please send your vivitide product enquiry to sales@vivitide.com for an up-to-date price and availability.</p>

<p>Fmoc-ß-Ala-Wang Resin (100-200 mesh) 1% DVB is a high purity reagent for peptide synthesis. It is used in the production of cell biology research tools, such as inhibitors and activators of ion channels, ligands for receptor binding, and antibodies. Fmoc-ß-Ala-Wang Resin (100-200 mesh) 1% DVB is a reagent that is used to synthesize peptides. This resin can be used in the production of various types of research tools, including inhibitors and activators of ion channels, ligands for receptor binding, and antibodies.</p>

<p>H-Ser(tBu)-2-ClTrt-Resin (100-200 mesh) 1% DVB is a resin that is designed for the synthesis of peptides. It can be used as a building block and has been shown to react with thiols, alcohols, amines, and other building blocks.</p>

<p>Ac-Arg-[Cys-Met-Ava-Arg-Val-Tyr-Ava-Cys]-NH2 is a peptide that has antagonist activity against melanin, the hormone receptor. This peptide can be used to treat skin pigmentation disorders such as vitiligo, which is an autoimmune disorder in which the melanocytes are destroyed. Ac-Arg-[Cys-Met-Ava-Arg-Val-Tyr-Ava-Cys]-NH2 is also an aminovaleric acid derivative, which can inhibit the production of aminovaleric acid and related compounds.</p>

Fmoc-b-(7-methoxy-coumarin-4-yl)-Ala-OH is a reagent with the CAS No. 524698-40-6, which is used in organic synthesis. It is a versatile building block and useful intermediate that can be used to synthesize other organic compounds. Fmoc-b-(7-methoxy-coumarin-4-yl)-Ala-OH is also used as a reaction component in the synthesis of peptides and proteins, as well as in the preparation of polymers. It has been shown to be an effective building block for complex compounds.

<p>H-Gln(Trt)-2-ClTrt-Resin (100-200 mesh) 1% DVB is a resin for the synthesis of peptides. It is a building block that can be used to synthesize peptides. H-Gln(Trt)-2-ClTrt-Resin (100-200 mesh) 1% DVB is an alcohols, amines, and thiols resin that can be used to synthesize peptides. H-Gln(Trt)-2-ClTrt-Resin (100-200 mesh) 1% DVB has been shown to react with thiols, alcohols and amines, which are building blocks for peptide synthesis.</p>

<p>Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) is a type I integral membrane glycoprotein of the immunoglobulin superfamily (Ig) found exclusively in mammals. The 26-28 kDa protein is located on the external surface of the oligodendrocyte membrane, mostly on the peripheral lamellae of myelin sheaths of the Central nervous system (CNS). The immunodominant 35-55 epitope of MOG (MOG 35-55) is a primary target for both cellular and humoral immune responses1. Anti-MOG antibodies and the abnormal activation of encepalitogenic T cells upon recognition of MOG (35-55) peptide cause the destruction of myelin sheath during Multiple sclerosis (MS), a common inflammatory autoimmune disorder of the CNS. Although MOG is a minor component of the CNS, the 35-55 epitope of MOG (MOG 35-55) is strongly immunogenic and therefore is widely used for in vivo biological evaluation and immunological studies of the Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis (EAE), a mouse animal model for T-cell-mediated inflammatory demyelinating autoimmune diseases of the CNS. Administration of MOG (35-55) peptide in mice produces anti-MOG antibodies that cause demyelination and a chronic Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis. Anti-MOG antibodies are observed in cerebrospinal fluid (CFS) and the serum of MS pateints. There is a direct correlation between the severity of the MS symptomes and anti-MOG titers. The progression of Multiple sclerosis is rapid and relapses occur more frequently in presence of anti-MOG antibodies. Therefore, anti-MOG antibodies are an indicator for the prognosis and progression of Multiple sclerosis. They can be detected by MOG (35-55) epitope-coated ELISA for quantification. MOG (35-55)-induced EAE models can help elucidating the immunopathological mechanism of Multiple sclerosis and promote the developement of novel therapeutics. One therapeutic approach consists on the administration of a mixture of peptides, representing immunodominant epitopes of different myelin proteins including MOG peptide at a proper dose to modulate the immune response and induce tolerance.</p>

<p>Melittin is a 26-residue cationic, haemolytic peptide isolated from honeybee venom. Melittin lowers the surface tension at the plasma membrane and causes cell lysis. It also exhibits potent anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activity. Melittin has been extensively used as a model peptide for observing membrane lipid-protein interaction. In Melittin [Cy5] the fluorophore Cy5, a member of the Cy-Dye fluorescent molecule group which are most commonly used in DNA-related applications is added to the melittin peptide.</p>

<p>T regulatory cell epitopes (Tregitopes) are a set of natural T cell epitopes derived from immunoglobulin G. These peptides are Treg-activating and show some promise in prophylactic and therapeutic studies in type 1 diabetes mellitus: which is associated with effector T cell (Teff) destruction of insulin-producing pancreatic β-islet cells. In non-diabetics, self-reactive T cells are deleted during thymic development, rendered anergic, or converted into natural regulatory T cells (Tregs) that suppress autoimmune responses.Tregitopes are processed and presented by MHC class II molecules. They can suppress effector T cell responses, and up-regulate Treg-associated cytokines and chemokines. Tregitopes help stimulate 'antigen-specific adaptive tolerance induction' (ASATI) to modulate antigen-specific transplant rejection and to reduce immune responses to allergens in vitro and in vivo.</p>

<p>Desmoglein-3 DSG3 (50-79) is derived from the pemphigus vulgaris antigen DSG3 and is involved in cell-cell adhesion. It can exist as non-junctional and junctional and is one of the desmosomal cadherins. Within the epithelial cells non-junctional DSG3 takes part in E-cadherin signalling.The overexpression of DSG3 has been observed in squamous cell carcinoma and can be used as a biomarker for cervical sentinel lymph nodes. DSG3 in tumours is considered as being pro-metastatic through DSG3 ability to activate AP-1 and the PKC/Ezrin pathway.Biotin (B7) has been added to the N-terminus.</p>

<p>Histone 4 (H4) is one of the four core histones (H2A, H2B, H3 and H4) which are essential for compacting eukaryotic DNA into the nucleosome. Due to the high lysine and arginine content, histones have a net positive charge and therefore electrostatically interact with negatively charged DNA. The nucleosome arises when 147 base pairs of DNA wrap around a H3-H4 tetramer and two H2A-H2B dimers, forming the histone octamer core. Like other core histones, H4 has a globular domain and a flexible N-terminal domain, the histone tail, which can undergo modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation and ubiquitination.Gene transcriptional activation or inactivation is controlled by ATP-dependent chromatin remodelling factors and histone modifying enzymes. Both processes function to alter the positioning of the nucleosome, allowing the DNA within to be either accessible to the transcription machinery or inaccessible. H4 lysine rich tail plays a role in the higher order chromatin folding.The lysine at position 16 has been acetylated, which neutralizes the positive charge on the amino acid, loosening the chromatin structure. This alteration to the accessibility of chromatin promotes the initiation of transcription.Acetyl-Histone H4 (1-23) K16Ac-GG-[Lys(5-FAM)] has a C-terminal GGK linker labelled with 5-Carboxyfluorescein (5-FAM), a widely used green fluorescent tag. Additionally, this peptide has an uncharged C-terminal amide and is protected from N-terminal modifications by a covalently bonded acetyl group.</p>

<p>ID4 is a highly versatile epitope tag. The peptide sequence is highly specific to rhodopsin and related photoreceptor proteins, meaning when used with monoclonal antibodies off-target signals are virtually non-existent. ID4 is also devoid of charged residues therefore reducing nonspecific ionic interactions. Monoclonal antibodies also bind to ID4 with high affinity therefore there is less need for inserting multiple copies of ID4.</p>

<p>Residues 1-10 of the gastrointestinal hormone motilin, secreted from endocrine cells in the small intestines, mainly from the jejunum and duodenum, in response to the fasting, drinking water or the mechanical stimulus of eating.</p>

<p>The identification of T cell epitopes is vital for a range of immunological functions including viral vaccine design. Current influenza vaccines are designed to induce protective humoral immunity by exposure to inactivated influenza leading to an induction of potent CD4+ T cell memory.  However, little is known about how these primed CD4+ T cells effect the response to other viruses that share a common T cell epitope.Sendai Virus nucleoprotein (324-332) has been identified as a T cell epitope and used in T cell assays to stimulate a response. Further use of Sendai virus nucleoprotein (324-332) epitope in vitro could help uncover the effect of immune response to heterologous viruses with common epitopes. It may also help understand the impact of using primed CD4+ T cell as vaccines. This could have consequences for future vaccine design to improve specificity and potency of the immune cells.</p>

<p>Neurokinin A (NKA) is a member of the classical tachykinins family of peptides which also includes substance P and neurokinin B. These peptides are primarily found in the nervous system where they act as neurotransmitters and neuromodulators. They also play key roles in neuronal inflammation, and high levels of NKA have been linked to poor prognosis of some tumours.The tachykinin peptides are characterised by a common C-terminal sequence, Phe-X-Gly-Leu-Met-NH2, where X represents either an aromatic (Phe, Tyr) or a branched aliphatic (Val, Ile) amino acid.This C-terminal region is thought to be responsible for activating the receptor. The divergent N-terminal region is thought to play a role in determining the receptor subtype selectivity. NKA binds preferentially to the NK2 receptor.</p>

<p>Substrate peptide for C-terminal Src kinase (Csk) for use in kinase assays. Csk is a cytosolic tyrosine kinase that is closely related to the kinase Src and is a well-known negative regulator of Src family kinases. Csk has both tumour suppressor and oncogenic properties and has also been implicated in regulating blood pressure, making Csk a novel therapeutic target for hypertension disorders.</p>

<p>Tetanus Toxin (1084-1099) is a protein that is derived from the single-chain polypeptide neurotoxin produced by Clostridium tetani. The neurotoxins produced by Clostridium tetani are among the most potent molecules known to humankind. Once in the body, the toxin binds to the basal lamina at the neuromuscular junction. From here, the toxin is transported to inhibitory interneurons in the spinal cord, where it prevents the release of neurotransmitters, which causes spastic paralysis.</p>

<p>Highly specific protein tag that can be added to a protein using recombinant DNA technology. FLAG is an artificial antigen to which high affinity monoclonal antibodies have been raised, therefore allowing for highly effective protein purification by affinity chromatography as well as accurate localisation of FLAG tagged proteins within living cells, or Western blots. FLAG peptide can be used to effectively purify complexes with multiple proteins as its mild purification procedure tends not to disrupt such complexes. It can be used to obtain proteins of sufficient purity for x-ray crystallography.</p>

<p>Fluorogenic peptide substrate for flavivirus non-structural 3 (NS3) and non-structural 2B/3 (NS2B/3)- highly conserved serine proteases that performs several enzymatic functions critical for virus replication. The flaviviruses include: zika virus- west nile virus- dengue virus- yellow fever virus, and tick-borne encephalitis. Flaviviruses require proteolytic processing of polyprotein precursors to yield a functional viral particle. This processing is carried out by the two-component protease, consisting NS2B a small integral membrane protein, and NS3, a cytosolic protein. In its intact state this peptide is not fluorescent, however this substrate peptide is cleaved by NS3 or NS2B serine proteases in two successive steps to release Rhodamine 110. Upon rhodamine 110 fluorophore release fluorescence can then be detected. This peptide therefore allows for the quantification of NS3/ NS2B/3 serine protease activity. Rhodamine 110 is a widely used red fluorescent probe.</p>

<p>Biotin-PEG2-Claudin-6 is derived from the tight junction protein Claudin-6 which is encoded by the CLDN6 gene and can be found within epithelial cell to cell contacts. The Claudin family are transmembrane proteins containing two extracellular loops and are involved in maintaining cell polarity and controlling paracellular ion flux.The expression of Claudin-6 is most commonly seen in early embryonic development where it plays a role in the regulation of blastocyst formation through tight junction enhancement. It is also an important factor for epidermal differentiation and barrier formation. Although it is more commonly seen in embryonic development it is also expressed in mammary epithelial cells. Studies have also shown Cldn6 to be a tumour suppressor in breast cancer.This peptide has a covalently bonded N-terminal Biotin tag that can be used for detection and purification and contains a polyethylene glycol spacer (PEG2).</p>

<p>SynB3 is a cell-penetrating peptide (CPP) with high efficacy at crossing the cell membrane with no significant toxicity. SynB3, like other CPPs, can cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Although the mode of crossing remains unclear, synB3 has been conjugated to a few cargoes and shown to be adequately present in the brain. Synb3 provides promise for the delivery of antisense oligonucleotides as therapy for conditions such as Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) and spinal muscular atrophy (SMA). The treatment of these conditions has been hampered by the lack of cargo delivery methods that can be tissue-specific and cross the BBB. SynB3 in mouse models was shown to be an effective method of delivering therapeutics across the BBB for SMA treatment.SynB3 is labelled at the N-terminus with an alkyne attachment for ease of reaction with an opposite Click reactive partner (azide). Azide-alkyne cycloaddition has become the most popular Click reaction. Alkyne-synB3 allows various applications, particularly for protein conjugation, modification, and drug delivery.</p>

<p>C5A is an anaphylatoxin produced along with C5b, by the cleavage of complement C5, a fundamental factor of the complement system pathways.</p>

<p>Polyproline-13 (Pro13) forms a helix, and it is a naturally occurring secondary structure. Pro13 is used as a model peptide to help understand the folding mechanisms and intermediates of the proteome. Pro13 can exist in a cis-orientation leading to the formation of the right-handed PPI helix- this is more favourable in non-polar solvents. Alternatively, Pro13 can have a trans-orientation leading to a left-handed PPII helix favoured in polar solvents. Pro13 can interchange these forms by altering the solvent composition, as determined by circular dichronism spectroscopy. The ability to observe the reversible transition between PPI and PPII, and its intermediates, has been hampered by a lack of methodologies, and thus the mechanistic pathway remains unclear. There is PPII helix content in proteins, and the role that PPII conformations play in the non-structured state of polypeptides is still being investigated. Free energy landscapes of polyprolines in various solvents have helped to understand their relative stability and improve the information about the transition pathway between the helices.</p>

<p>Albumin (237-251) Bovine is derived from the globular protein Albumin and is found in the blood-plasma of humans (known as Human Serum Albumin, HSA) where it serves to maintain plasma pressure and nutritional balance. Another role it carries out is the transportation of bound molecules through the blood. Bovine serum albumin (BSA), composed of 583 amino acids, is very similar to HSA thus allowing BSA to be used as a successful model and a standard protein in laboratory experiments.Although BSA and HAS share homology in their three domains, I, II and III, BSA contains 2 tryptophan whereas HAS only contains 1 tryptophan residue.In agriculture the presence of the albumin protein has been used to assess the health of cows to ensure that a suitable quality of milk and meat are produced. Moreover it is important to detect bovine albumin in food and pharmaceutical products due to it being an allergenic protein.</p>

<p>Portion of Influenza A</p>

<p>Binds to the cysteine rich domain of the Frizzled 7 receptor and inhibits Wnt signalling in cultured cells and stem cell function in intestinal organoids.</p>

<p>Ovalbumin (OVA) is the primary protein in egg-white, and is involved in initiating food allergies and asthma. It is a highly immunogenic protein and can be used for peptide conjugation in the development of antibodies.OVA (324-338) is a class I (Kb)-restricted peptide epitope of OVA. The ovalbumin fragment is presented by the class I MHC molecule, H-2Kb.</p>

<p>Peptide substrate for the kallikrein-related peptidase 7 (KLK7), the most abundant KLK family protease in the stratum corneum (outermost layer of the epidermis). KLK family have been implicated in several key homeostatic processes and in skin diseases that feature impaired desquamation. Increased levels of KLK7, have been identified in the stratum corneum of patients with atopic dermatitis (AD). T-helper type 2 cytokines, including interleukin 4 (IL-4) and-IL-13, can stimulate expression of KLK7, suggesting a direct link between inflammation in AD and KLK7 levels.KLK7 cleaves its substrates after tyrosine or phenylalanine residues. This peptide contains a C-terminal 7-amino-4-methylcoumarin (AMC) fluorescent tag, which is quenched when linked to the peptide via the amide bond. AMC is cleaved from the peptide by KLK7, upon cleavage the AMC fluorescence is activated.</p>

<p>Bombesin/GRP receptor agonist derived from the pro-apoptotic protein BIM, which is a member of the BCL-2 family proteins and activates the BAX and BAK proteins to promote apoptosis.The process of apoptosis can be activated by the intrinsic or extrinsic pathways, the former is activated by stress stimuli such as DNA damage and nutrient deficiency, while the latter is induced through activation of the death receptors FAS and TRAIL.The BCL-2 family's transmembrane anchor at the C-terminus allows them to locate at the mitochondrial outer membrane and play a vital role in apoptosis.Within the mitochondria BIM is a member of the BH3 molecules alongside, BIM, PUMA and NOXA which can all be activated by the intrinsic pathway. These in turn can initiate the homo-oligomerisation of BAX and BAK which induce mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilisation (MOMP) and the release of cytochrome c into the cytosol. Here cytochrome c associates with APAF-1 and dATP, ultimately activating effector caspase3/7 and apoptosis.BIM can be activated by CHOP-mediated transcription and phosphatase 2A-mediated dephosphorylation during endoplasmic reticulum stress. However when BIM is phosphorylated it undergoes degradation by the proteasome.</p>

<p>Ara h 1 is one of the major allergenic proteins from peanut (Arachis hypogaea) which contains approximately 13 potential allergenic proteins.Ara h 1 is a member of the 7/8 S globulin (vicilin) family of seed storage proteins belonging to the cupin superfamily and is the most abundant allergen present in the peanut kernel. Ara h 1 plays an important role in the allergy sensitising procedure and can be recognised by 90% of patients with a peanut allergy.This peptide represents a tryptic peptide of Ara h 1.</p>

<p>LL-37 is a member of the large cationic family of anti-microbial peptides called cathelicidins which have broad-spectrum anti-microbial activity and are expressed in many species. The only cathelicidin found in humans is LL-37, this is produced in epithelial cells, by proteolytic cleavage from the C-terminal of the hCAP-18 protein. LL-37 can be processed into different forms of anti-microbial peptides. As well as its anti-microbial properties LL-37 also regulates many aspects of the innate immune system and overexpression of LL-37 has been linked to autoimmune diseases such as asthma and psoriasis, making LL-37 the most studied form of the human cathelicidin peptides.More recently, studies have shown that LL-37 binds to SARS-CoV-2 S protein and inhibits binding to its receptor hACE2, which may inhibit viral entry into the cell. LL-37 is upregulated by vitamin D, therefore this may be one mode of action for the positive outcomes seen with vitamin D treatment for Covid-19.</p>

<p>SARS-CoV-2 NSP7 is part of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase heterotetramer for mediating coronavirus RNA synthesis. NSP7 and NSP8 form a channel to confer processivity on RNA polymerase. NSP7 aids in stabilising NSP12 regions involved in RNA binding and is essential for a highly active NSP12 polymerase complex. These factors make NSP7 a good target for developing new antiviral drugs. In addition, the identification of epitopes within the NSP7 sequence can help design more effective SARS-CoV-2 vaccines.Models have predicted epitopes exhibiting antigenicity, stability and interactions with MHC class-I and class-II molecules. NSP7 (46-60) is an epitope candidate with various HLA restrictions. This epitope can be used to better vaccine design for more durable CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses for long-lasting immunity.</p>

<p>SFLLRN-amide.</p>

<p>Formyl-MLF-[Cys(AF488)] is composed of the chemotactic peptide: N-formyl-methionine-leucine-phenylalanine. N-formyl-methionine is the N-terminal amino acid present on bacteria and allows the bacteria to interact with phagocytic cells such as macrophages and monocyte-derived dendritic cells through surface formyl-MLF receptors. As a result Formyl-MLF labelled with the fluorescent dye, Alexa Fluor 488 can be used as a marker of bacterial infections. It has also been demonstrated that the use of multiple formyl-MLF moieties can target polymeric drug delivery molecules to phagocytic cells. In addition to Alexa Fluor 488's application in marking bacterial infections, its properties of being photo-bleaching resistant and having a high quantum yield allow it to carry out its most common use in the visualisation and location of dendritic structures and synapses.</p>

<p>The SARS-CoV-2 non-structural protein 13 (NSP13) has been identified as a target for anti-viral therapeutics due to its highly conserved sequence and is essential for viral replication.  NSP13 is part of the helicase superfamily 1B. As an NTPase and RNA helicase, NSP13 binds to RNA-dependent RNA polymerase and acts in concert with the replication-transcription complex to stimulate backtracking and further activate NSP13 helicase activity. These factors make NSP13 a good target for developing new antiviral drugs. In addition, the identification of epitopes within the NSP13 sequence can help design more effective SARS-CoV-2 vaccines.Models have predicted epitopes exhibiting antigenicity, stability and interactions with MHC class-I and class-II molecules. NSP13 (231-245) is an epitope candidate with various predicted HLA restrictions. This epitope can be used to better vaccine design for more durable CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses for long-lasting immunity.</p>

<p>(KFF)3K is a cationic cell penetrating peptide which can be conjugated to PNA oligomers to aid in their penetration of the bacterial cell wall to function as anti-microbials. It contains 5-Carboxyfluorescein (5-FAM), a widely used green fluorescent tag.</p>

<p>AD01 is a derivative of the FK506 binding protein-like (FKBPL), and exerts potent anti-angiogenic activity in vitro and in vivo to control tumour growth.Recent studies have shown that AD-01 inhibits Rac-1 activity, and up-regulates RhoA and the actin binding proteins, profilin and vinculin.In this way, the anti-angiogenic proteins, FKBPL, and AD-01, offer a promising and alternative approach for targeting both CD44 positive tumours and vasculature networks. Recent clinical studies have shown that AD01 and other FKBPL-based peptides may offer an alternative for targeting treatment-resistant breast cancer stem cells.</p>

<p>Peptide derived from the HIV transactivator of transcription protein. TAT is a cationic cell-penetrating peptide.</p>

<p>Custom research peptide; min purity 95%.</p>

<p>PD-1 (21-35) peptide is derived from the programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) which interacts with its ligand, PD-L1 to regulate immune homeostasis. PD-1 and its ligand PD-L1 are critical in regulating T cell activation, tolerance and immuno-pathology. PD-1 is an immune checkpoint and guards against autoimmunity through two mechanisms. First, it promotes apoptosis of antigen-specific T-cells in lymph nodes. Second, it reduces apoptosis in regulatory T cells.Several types of cancer cells overexpress PD-L1 in order to escape from the PD-1/PD-L1 immuno-surveillance mechanism. Consequently PD-1 inhibitors and PD-L1 inhibitors could be used as a therapeutic in the treatment of cancers.</p>

<p>B-peptide is an arginine-rich cell-penetrating peptide which can be used in a chimeric fusion peptide which includes a morpholino oligomer (PMO). B-peptide enables the convalently conjugated PMOs or peptides to be transported across cell membranes and can therefore be a useful tool in delivering targeted therapies.</p>

<p>H-Glu[Cyclo(Arg-Gly-Asp-D-Tyr-Lys)]2 is a cyclic peptide that contains the sequence of amino acids Arg, Gly, Asp, D, Tyr and Lys. It is a peptide macrocycle that has been shown to be effective against tumor cells. This peptide has been derivatized for targeting purposes and has been shown to be an effective imaging agent for tumor cells in vivo. H-Glu[Cyclo(Arg-Gly-Asp-D-Tyr-Lys)]2 is also biochemically active and can inhibit the growth of cancer cells through multiple mechanisms.</p>

<p>β-Amyloid 1-11 (Aβ1-11) is one of many short Aβ species found in vivo and is formed by the cleavage of amyloid β precursor protein by β- and α-secretase. Amyloid β-protein (Aβ) has been identified as the key subunit of the extracellular plaques found in the brains of patients with Alzheimer disease (AD) and Down syndrome (DS). Aβ has therefore been extensively studied as a potential target for treatment of AD.Aβ is formed from the cleavage of the large, transmembrane protein- APP (amyloid precursor protein). Cleavage of APP by β- and then &amp;γ--secretases results in the formation of Aβ. Aβ can aggregate to produce amyloid-β oligomers, which are thought to be highly neurotoxic. Over time Aβ can further aggregate to produce the characteristic senile plaques present in AD and DS. Aβ can be degraded by enzymes such as neprilysin, insulin degrading enzyme or endothelin converting enzyme. At physiological levels Aβ may be involved in controlling synaptic activity and neuronal survival.Biotin is C-terminally linked to the peptide via ethylenediaminefor convenient detection and purification. Alternative β-Amyloid fragments and labels are also available, please refer to our peptide catalogue for availability.</p>

<p>Histone H3 (32-38) K36Me2 is derived from Histone 3 (H3) which is one of the four core histones (H2A, H2B, H3 and H4) fundamental in compacting eukaryotic DNA into the nucleosome. The nucleosome arises when 147 base pairs of DNA wrap around a H3-H4 tetramer and two H2A-H2B dimers, forming the histone octamer core. Both H4 and H3 are highly conserved and perform roles in binding to segments of DNA which enter and leave the nucleosome and in chromatin formation. Similar to the other core histone, H3 has a globular domain and a flexible N-terminal domain, 'histone tail' which can undergo modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation and ubiquitination. Due to histones containing a large number of lysine and arginine residues they have a positive net charge which interacts in an electrostatic manner with the negatively charged phosphate groups in DNA. The transcriptional activation or silencing of the chromatin is controlled by ATP-dependent chromatin remodelling factors and histone modifying enzymes which target histone proteins. Both processes function to alter to change the positioning of the nucleosome, allowing the DNA it to be either available to the transcription machinery or inaccessible.The Histone H3 (32-38) lysine 36 has been dimethylated.</p>

<p>The HSA (55-66) peptide is derived from human serum albumin (HSA), a protein present in the blood plasma. It is involved in the transportation of compounds through the blood stream, the maintenance of osmotic blood pressure and could be used to improve drug delivery.</p>

<p>Truncated version of SBP1, the fragment of the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) peptidase domain (PD) alpha1 helix important for the interaction of ACE2 with the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS coronavirus receptor binding domain (SARS-CoV-2-RBD). Unlike SBP1, SBP2 does not associate with the spike RBD protein.</p>

<p>Intracellular Sigma peptide is a membrane-permeable peptide mimetic of protein tyrosine phosphatase sigma (PTPσ) wedge. PTPσ is a neural receptor that binds with very high affinity to chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs). Inhibition of this interaction has been shown to promote regeneration of damaged nerves and improve nerve function in animal models. ISP has a protein transduction domain from HIV's trans-activating regulatory protein (Tat). This domain allows facilitates membrane-penetration.</p>

<p>SARS-CoV-2 NSP7 (21-35)</p>

<p>C5a receptor 2 (C5aR2, or C5L2) is a seven transmembrane non-G-protein-signalling receptor which binds the complement activation peptide C5a ligand. The complement cascade is a highly sophisticated network of innate immune proteins that are activated in response to invading pathogens or tissue injury. C5aR2 regulates the release of certain cytokines and is involved in a number of inflammatory conditions. C5aR2 can recruit and form a complex with β-arrestins, which can modulate ERK1/2 signalling in macrophages and neutrophils. C5aR2 has both pro- and anti-inflammatory actions. P32 is a functionally selective C5aR2 ligand which is able to recruit β-arrestin 2 with high efficacy, inhibit C5a-induced ERK1/2 activation and can selectively inhibit LPS-induced IL-6 release from human monocyte-derived macrophages (HMDMs). Functionally selective ligands for C5aR2 such as this are novel tools that can selectively modulate C5a activity and are therefore valuable tools in investigating C5aR2 function.</p>

<p>Histone 3 (H3) is one of the four core histones (H2A, H2B, H3 and H4) fundamental in compacting eukaryotic DNA into the nucleosome. The nucleosome arises when 147 base pairs of DNA wrap around a H3-H4 tetramer and two H2A-H2B dimers, forming the histone octamer core. Both H4 and H3 are highly conserved and perform roles in binding to segments of DNA which enter and leave the nucleosome and in chromatin formation. Similar to the other core histone, H3 has a globular domain and a flexible N-terminal domain, 'histone tail' which can undergo modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation and ubiquitination. The transcriptional activation or silencing of the chromatin is controlled by ATP-dependent chromatin remodelling factors and histone modifying enzymes which target histone proteins. Both processes function to alter the positioning of the nucleosome, allowing the DNA it to be either available or inaccessible to the transcription machinery.The lysine at position 4 of this peptide has been tri-methylated and it is implicated in studies that this modification may remodel the chromatin so that it is more accessible to transcription factors, which may ultimately increase the level of gene expression. The lysine at position 9 has been acetylated, which neutralizes the positive charge on the amino acid, loosening the chromatin structure. This alteration to the accessibility of chromatin promotes the initiation of transcription. Moreover, the serine at position 10 has been phosphorylated, and studies have suggested that this may induce chromatin condensation, and subsequently repress transcription and gene expression.This peptide contains a C-terminal GGK linker labelled with 5-Carboxyfluorescein (5-FAM), a widely used green fluorescent tag. This peptide also has an uncharged C-terminal amide.</p>

<p>PAF26 is a cell penetrating antimicrobial peptide (CP-AMP) with strong activity against fungi that cause postharvest decay in fruits, such as strains of Penicillium italicum, Penicillium digitatum, and Botrytis cinerea and is also active against Fusarium oxysporum.PAF26 has reduced toxicity to Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, demonstrating selectivity towards certain filamentous fungi. PAF26 is endocytically internalized at low fungicidal concentrations and accumulates in vacuoles before being actively transported into the cytoplasm where it exerts its antifungal activity. PAF26 is not lytic or cytotoxic to human cells.</p>

<p>Alyerserin-1b is a C-terminally α-amidated 23 residue Cationic anti-microbial peptide (AMP). Anti-microbial peptides (AMPs) are produced by the innate immune system and are expressed when the host is challenged by a pathogen. The Alyerserin family of peptides was first identified in norepinephrine-stimulated skin secretions of the midwife toad-Alytes obstetricans-(Alytidae). Alyteserin-1 peptides have limited structural similarity to the ascaphins from the skins of frogs of the Leiopelmatidae family. Alyteserin-1 peptides are selective at inhibiting growth activity of Gram-negative bacteria-such as Escherichia coli and show weak haemolytic activity against human erythrocytes.Alyteserin contain at least 50% hydrophobic amino acids. Hydrophobic residues contribute to the insertion of the peptide into the hydrophobic membrane core which results in membrane disruption and death of the pathogen. Due to their mechanism of action it is less likely for resistance to develop towards them compared to conventional antibiotics.</p>

<p>Mastoparan is a 14-residue cationic peptide toxin isolated from the wasp Vespula lewisii venom which shows an important potency as an antimicrobial and anticancer agent but also as a Cell Permeable Peptide.<br>Mastoparan is mainly known to be a receptor-independant and allosteric regulator of G-protein by stimulating GTPase activity.<br>Besides modulating the activity of G-protein, Mastoparan have the ability to bind other intracellular targets such as Ca2+-ATP (implicated in Ca2+ release), small GTP binding proteins rho and rac, and many others.<br>Mastoparan also belongs to the cell permeable peptide (CPP) family. As such, Mastoparan increases the membrane conductance and permeability of planar lipid bilayer and liposomal membranes which leads to enhanced the penetration of Ca2+, Na+ or K+ ions.<br>Mastoparan have also a potential antibiotic effect due to its potent antimicrobial activity which can turn Mastoparan to a potential drug for infectious diseases.<br>Some studies have also reported that Mastoparan exhibits potent anti-cancer activities toward leukemia, myeloma, and breast cancer cells with an approximately half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 9µM, 11µM and 22µM respectively.<br>Mastoparan have shown to be more specific to cancer cells than to normal cells.</p>

<p>C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) is a novel urinary biomarker which is part of the natriuretic peptide family. CNP is produced in the kidney and the endothelium and has been localised to renal tubules. CNP expression has also been detected in cardiomyocytes, vascular endothelium, and bone.CNP is synthesized as the precursor 103 amino acid (AA) protein, proCNP (AA 1-103), which is then cleaved into NT-proCNP (AA 1-50) and CNP53 (AA 51-103) by the intracellular endoprotease furin. CNP53 is then cleaved to give the biologically active mature form CNP22 (AA 82-103) and inactive form NT-CNP53 (51-81). CNP primarily acts as an autocrine or paracrine factor and has anti-proliferative and anti-fibrotic properties, including suppression of fibroblast proliferation and collagen production, inhibition of vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and accelerated regeneration of endothelial cells. CNP is a vasodilator and potent venodilator and slightly elevated levels have been detected in heart failure and renal disease states. CNP has renoprotective properties and is activated during renal injury, where it helps preserve glomerular function and suppress pro-fibrotic processes. Hypoxia, cytokines and fibrotic growth factors, are stimuli for CNP production and release.CNP selectively activates the cell surface particulate guanylyl cyclase receptor B (GC-B), catalysing the conversion of GTP to the downstream second messenger, cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP).</p>

<p>Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-Related Factor 2 (Nrf2) and its negative regulator Kelch-Like ECH-Associated Protein 1 (Keap1) provide vital protection in maintaining cellular redox. In parallel, Nrf2 also aids the resolution of inflammation and also tissue repair. In homeostatic conditions, the transcription factor Nrf2 is controlled in a cytoplasmic complex with Keap1 with ubiquitination and protein degradation. Nrf2 has been linked to numerous cancers due to mutations affecting the binding region of Nrf2 to Keap1, resulting in Nrf2 dissociating from the complex. Nrf2 constitutively accumulates in the nucleus and activation of prosurvival genes that promote cancer cell proliferation.The Neh2 region of Nrf2 interacts with Keap1, as shown by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The 16 amino acid peptide (AFFAQLQLDEETGEFL) (69-84) flanks the conserved ETGE motif and can replicate the binding to keap1.Therapeutics targeting the Nrf2 signalling pathway and activation of Nrf2 is a keen area of research, with many cancers being linked to Nrf2, particularly pancreatic cancer. Additionally, activation of Nrf2 has become a possible target as a treatment for COVID. Nrf2 (69-84) replicating full-length Nrf2 binding has been helpful in all cases. This Nrf2 (69-84) contains a covalently bonded N-terminal Biotin tag that can be used for detection and purification. If you would prefer the simple peptide, Nrf2 (69-84), it is available from our catalogue.</p>

<p>Auto-inducing peptide (AIP) is a cyclic thiolactone quorum sensing peptide from Staphylococcus aureus which is responsible for activating the agr response. AIP is released from the bacteria and its extracellular concentration is then sensed by a two-component system on the bacterial surface, AgrC and AgrA. AgrC is the membrane histidine kinase receptor and AgrA is a response regulator- upon binding of AIP, AgrC phosphorylates AgrA.AIP accumulates during growth activating an AgrC and AgrA cascade when it reaches a critical signal level. This cascade activates P2 and P3 promoters which autoactivate the agr system and upregulate RNAIII transcription. RNAIII regulates the expression of virulence factors including toxins, super-antigens, and exo-enzymes. Extensive research to identify AIP:AgrC inhibitors aims to find therapeutics against pathogens.AgrD is the precursor peptide of AIP, and AgrB is an integral membrane endopeptidase essential to biosynthesize AIP. This AIP system is conserved among many Gram-positive bacteria. S. aureus strains are categorized into four groups (I-IV) according to their AIP signal and cognate extracellular receptor, AgrC.AIP-II has the conserved thiolactone macrocycle of the AIP family. Asn-3, Leu-8, and Phe-9 have been shown to be critical for activation of the agr response while inhibition relies on Leu-8 and Phe-9. The reactive thiol ester bond is only necessary for activation of the agr response. Further work may provide further AIP:AgrC inhibitors.</p>

<p>The histone H2A residues 78 to 86 are derived from histone 2A (H2A) which is one of the four core histones (H2A, H2B, H3 and H4) fundamental in compacting eukaryotic DNA into a structure known as the nucleosome. The nucleosome arises when 147 base pairs of DNA wrap around a H3-H4 tetramer and two H2A-H2B dimers, forming the histone octamer core.At the site of DNA entry on the outer nucleosome, the C-terminus of H2A is present and is able to interact with linker histones or other factors. This allows for variation and changes in nucleosome stability to occur. Furthermore Histone H2A has histone variants such as H2A.Z and H2A.X (which are present in all organisms) and these variants alter the organisation of the DNA.Due to histones containing a large number of lysine and arginine residues they have a positive net charge which interacts in an electrostatic manner with the negatively charged phosphate groups in DNA. The transcriptional activation or silencing of the chromatin is controlled by ATP-dependent chromatin remodelling factors and histone modifying enzymes which target histone proteins. Both processes function to alter to change the positioning of the nucleosome, allowing the DNA it to be either available to the transcription machinery or inaccessible.</p>