Peptides

<p>CREB is a transcription factor that regulates diverse cellular responses including: proliferation- survival and differentiation- adaptive immune responses- glucose homeostasis- spermatogenesis- circadian rhythms and synaptic plasticity associated with memory. CREB is induced by a variety of growth factors and inflammatory signals and subsequently mediates the transcription of genes containing a cAMP-responsive element, including IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-alpha. In the immune system, CREB induces an anti-apoptotic survival signal in monocytes and macrophages, has a role in promoting the proliferation, survival and regulation of T and B lymphocytes and is required for the generation and maintenance of regulatory T cells. CREB also often promotes anti-inflammatory immune responses, such as through the inhibition of NF-KB activity, the induction of IL-10, and the generation of Tregs. These anti-inflammatory responses could be protective by inhibiting unwanted inflammation, tissue damage, and autoimmune responses, or they could be pathogenic in the context of infection and tumour immunosurveillance. Peptide is labelled with an N-terminal 5-carboxyfluorescein (5-FAM), a widely used green fluorescent tag.</p>

<p>Trans-activator of transcription (TAT) is a key protein from simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV). SIVs are retroviruses which cause often non-pathogenic infections of members of the simian species (monkey). Human immunodeficiency virus strains (HIV) developed from the SIV's. During HIV infection a small amount of TAT protein is produced early on which binds to an RNA stem-loop structure, the trans-activating response element (TAR), located at the 5' ends of HIV-1 transcripts, this binding results in increased production of full-length viral RNA. This positive feedback loop allows HIV to have an explosive response once a threshold level of TAT is produced, helping it defeat the bodies immune response. TAT protein also associates with RNA polymerase II complexes during early transcription elongation. TAT is also released into the host bloodstream where it can be absorbed by neighbouring, uninfected cells. TAT is toxic to these cells and induces apoptosis and inhibition of T-cell proliferation, thus assisting in the progression toward AIDS. Thus, TAT appears to be involved in both host immune suppression and viral dissemination.TAT is being investigated as a therapeutic target and as an agent to be used in a potential HIV vaccine.</p>

<p>Flagellin is the structural protein which forms the major portion of bacterial flagella filaments. The N- and C- terminals of flagellin are highly conserved regions, whereas the central core can vary greatly between bacterial species. Flagellin 22 (flg22) is the most conserved stretch of amino acids across bacterial species and is located towards the N-terminal of flagellin.Flg22 is a potent elicitor of plant immune responses and is recognised in plants by the membrane bound leucine-rich repeat-receptor kinase FLAGELLIN SENSITIVE 2 (FLS2). Flg22 induces defence gene expression to trigger both local and systemic immune responses and is thus widely used in plant defence studies.Truncated flagellin 22 (flg22-θ”2) represents amino acids 1-20 of flg22. It is a strong and selective agonist of tomato FLS2, with weak agonist activity towards Arabidopsis FLS2 even at high concentrations.</p>

<p>Scrambled peptide of JAG-1(188-204). Jagged - 1 is a cell surface ligand for in the Notch pathway. Notch receptors and ligands are present on the extracellular service of cells and require cell-cell contact for engagement. Ligand binding to Notch receptors results in the proteolytic cleavage of membrane-bound Notch receptors, thus allowing the intercellular region to be transported to the nucleus and become a transcriptional activator. The ligand-induced Notch activation is regulated by E3 ubiquitin ligases, Mindbomb1 (Mib-1) and Neuralized.JAG1 is widely expressed throughout mammalian development, across many tissues and developmental stages. Notch signalling plays a critical role in cellular fate determination including muscle cell differentiation, neurogenesis, and the development of the sensory regions of the inner ear- heart- kidney- eye- lung and other tissues.Jag-1 has been implicated in breast- cervical- colorectal- endometrial- gastric- head and neck- ovarian- hepatocellular- lung- pancreatic- prostate, and kidney and adrenocortical cancers, leukemia and lymphoma. Co-overexpression of Notch-1 and Jagged-1 predicts the poorest overall cancer survival. JAG1 mutations have also been associated Alagille syndrome.</p>

<p>Influenza A nucleoprotein (NP) residues 147-155 (TYQRTRALV) is from a conserved region of the nucleoprotein that is positively selected. NP (147-155) is an effective immunodominant CTL epitope MHC allele H-2Kd in mice that can induce an effective antigen-specific immunity. This was validated by HLA binding and cytotoxicity assays in human cells.  Immunisation of mice with the NP (147-155) offers protection against a fatal dosage of influenza. In addition, the NP (147-155) epitope can stimulate antigen-specific T cells in T cell assays such as ELISPOT to understand humoral responses to viral infection. Further work with the NP (147-155) epitope can help new flu vaccine design to provide more effective protection. This epitope is provided with a C-terminal biotin sequence for easier purification and detection.</p>

<p>Natalizumab LC46-58 KGN deimmunised</p>

<p>Native Melan-A (26-35) decapeptide derives from the melanocyte lineage-specific protein Melan-A/MART-1, which is expressed in almost 75-100% of primary and metastatic melanomas.<br>The region 26-35 of Melan-A protein acts as an antigenic peptide that is recognized by CD8+ tumor-reactive cytolytic T lymphocytes (CTLs) for designing antigen-specific cancer vaccines1. It has been shown that CD8+ Melan-A-specific CTLs isolated from melanoma patients efficiently lyse the Melan-A-expressing HLA-A*0201+ melanoma cell line. However, CTLs preferentially recognize the Melan-A (26-35) peptide as compared with the Melan-A (27-35) peptide. Moreover, the Melan-A (26-35) A27L analog (ELAGIGILTV) has a higher binding affinity to HLA-A*0201 than the native Melan-A (26-35) peptide (EAAGIGILTV), and consequently displays more potent antigenicity and immunogenicity.<br>It has been reported that the concentration of Melan-A (26-35) A27L analog required to obtain 50% of maximal antigenic activity (EC50) is 0.01nM, whereas that of the native Melan-A (26-35) peptide is 0.25nM1. Therefore, the relative activity of Melan-A (26-35) A27L analog is 25 fold higher than that of the native Melan-A (26-35) peptide.<br>Furthermore, functional competition assay has shown that the concentration of Melan-A (26-35) A27L analog required to achieve 50% inhibition (IC50) of tumor lysis is 2nM, which is 10 fold lower than that of the native Melan-A (26-35) peptide. Regarding peptide stability in human serum, the half-lifes (t1/2) of the native Melan-A (26-35) peptide and the A27L analog are quite similar (45 and 40min, respectively) as measured by HPLC-ESI-MS, but much higher than that of the Melan-A (27-35) nonapeptide (5min).</p>

<p>(RXR)4XB is a cationic membrane-penetrating peptide and is effective in delivering phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligonucleotides (PMOs) into eukaryotic cells such as Escherichia coli. It contains 5-carboxyfluorescein (5-FAM), a widely used green fluorescent tag.</p>

<p>Transportan is an amphipathic 27 amino acid peptide that was generated from 12 functional amino acids of galanin and 14 amino acids of mastoparan connected via a lysine residue. Transportan has been functionally characterised as a cell penetrating peptide (CPP) that does not appear to be mediated by endocytosis. All cell types tested were permeated by transportan, initially localising to the outer membrane it then travels to cytoplasmic membrane structures and eventually perfuses to the nucleoli. This CPP has been used for numerous applications and assays to great effect including indirect immunofluorescence and drug delivery.TP reveals some characteristic features of both galanin and mastoparan since it inhibits the binding of galanin to GALR-1 receptor as well as modulates the activity of G proteins due to the inhibition of GTPase activity.</p>

<p>Ghrelin is involved in several physiological processes, including feeding and lipid accumulation, stress response, anxiety, cardiac performance, immunity and inflammation, taste sensation, reward-seeking behaviour, regulation of glucose metabolism and thermogenesis, memory, motivation and learning.Ghrelin is a peptide hormone that typically has a serine at the third residue and relies on modification with a fatty acid to give ghrelin its functional activity. In its modified form, ghrelin is an endogenous ligand for the pituitary gland's growth hormone receptor (GHS-R) and stimulates growth hormone release. Rat/mouse ghrelin differs from the human form at positions 11 and 12 (RV) in rats to (KA) in humans.Ghrelin acts on the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus as an orexigenic agent to stimulate appetite. Ghrelin is produced in the stomach as a precursor peptide preproghrelin, cleaved to ghrelin. Ghrelin circulates in the blood and can cross the blood-brain barrier. Levels of ghrelin respond to fasting conditions and allow signals about the energy status to be transmitted from the peripheral organs to the central nervous system to maintain energy homeostasis.Ghrelin is a valuable target for treating conditions such as anorexia, cachexia, sarcopenia, cardiopathy, neurodegenerative disorders, renal and pulmonary disease, gastrointestinal disorders, inflammatory disorders and metabolic syndrome.</p>

<p>There are three members of the p160 family of steroid receptor coactivators, SRC-1, SRC-2, and SRC-3. These steroid receptor coactivators control the functional output of numerous genetic programs and serve as pleiotropic rheostats for diverse physiological processes. Coactivator proteins interact with nuclear receptors in a ligand-dependent manner and augment transcription.This peptide contains a covalently bonded N-terminal Biotin tag that can be used for detection and purification.</p>

<p>A hydroxyproline glycine peptide in acid form. This peptide is a substrate for prolyl dipeptidase. Ingestion of the Hyp-Gly dipeptide can improve skin conditions. Hyp-Gly ingestion improves facial skin moisture and elasticity and reduces facial aging. Additionally, Hyp-Gly enhances fibroblast proliferation.</p>

<p>Glucagon-like peptide (GLP) 1 is a post-translationally modified version of proglucagon. GLP-1 (1-37) is a naturally produced analog of GLP-1. Unlike truncated GLP-1, GLP-1 (1-37) does not alter food intake in rat models or pancreatic insulin secretion. GLP-1 (1-37) can induce insulin production in developing adult intestinal cells via upregulation of the ngn3 gene and its downstream targets. This can restore glucose homeostasis when implanted into diabetic mice. GLP-1 (1-37) may offer a  future treatment for diabetes mellitus. GLP-1 (1-37) can also inhibit chemokine-induced migration of human CD4-positive lymphocytes, an early step in atherogenesis. This raises the possibility that GLP-1 (1-37) is part of a novel mechanism to modulate vascular disease.</p>

Met-MCA is a peptide that can be used as an activator, antibody, or receptor. CAS No. 94367-34-7. It is a high purity product with high quality and good stability in salt solution or in PBS (PH 7.4). It inhibits ion channels and has been shown to inhibit the interactions of proteins. Met-MCA can be used as a pharmacological tool for research on protein interactions and ligand/receptor binding.

<p>Epinecidin-1 is an antimicrobial peptide which can act against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. Its cytotoxic properties give it potential to be used in cancer therapy.</p>

<p>Nef is an accessory protein highly conserved amongst all primate lentiviruses, it is essential for viral replication in vivo- it is expressed by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) HIV-1 and HIV-2. Nef acts as a downregulator of class I human leukocyte antigens (HLA) expression in HIV-infected cells to help circumvent the immune response, such as Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) activity. An intact nef gene is critical for high viral loads, linked to development of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Certain alleles of HLA have been associated with maintaining a seronegative status such as HLA-A*1101.This nef peptide sequence contains the region considered to be a a C-proximal adaptor-protein (AP) interaction site. The presence of various nef motifs such as this are an intense area of investigation to understand if they are a factor in patients who remain clinically asymptomatic. This nef fragment is provided with an N-terminal acetyl group to increase its stability.</p>

<p>The coronavirus (CoV) nucleoprotein is the major component of CoV structural proteins. Also known as the nucleocapsid protein, it is an abundant RNA-binding protein critical for viral genome packaging. These factors make nucleoprotein a good target for developing new antiviral drugs. In addition, the identification of epitopes within the nucleoprotein sequence can help design more effective SARS-CoV-2 vaccines.Models have predicted epitopes exhibiting antigenicity, stability and interactions with MHC class-I and class-II molecules. Nucleoprotein (353-370) is an epitope candidate with various HLA restrictions. This epitope can be used to better vaccine design for more durable CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses for long-lasting immunity.</p>

<p>Neuromedin U (NmU) is a neuropeptide expressed in various organs including the brain, gut, bone marrow and lungs. NmU has a wide range of roles in physiology including: decreasing appetite and body weight and increasing gross locomotor activity, heat production, oxygen consumption, uterine smooth muscle contraction, body temperature, and bone mass. It is also involved in regulating circadian rhythm, stress response and blood flow and ion transport in the gut. NmU can also stimulate cytokine production and promote mast cell-mediated inflammation and is important during the early proliferative stages of erythroid development. NmU has been shown to be a c-Myb target gene and NmU in turn activates protein kinase C-βII, a factor associated with hematopoietic differentiation-proliferation.Two related G protein-coupled receptors have been identified as NmU receptors: NMU-R1: expressed in various tissues, including the small intestine and lung, and NMU-R2: predominantly expressed in the hypothalamus and the small intestine. Activation of these receptors via NmU binding mobilises intracellular Ca2+ stores and downstream signalling.</p>

<p>L17E is an endosomolytic peptide derived from the cationic and membrane-lytic spider venom peptide M-lycotoxin and contains a substitution of leucine by glutamic acid at position 17. L17E is able to promote the endocytic uptake and cytosolic delivery of exosome-encapsulated proteins.A major obstacles to intracellular targeting by antibodies is the limited release of the antibodies into the cytosol, once inside endosomes. L17E can achieve an enhanced cellular uptake via the induction of micropinocytosis. Once inside the endosome, positively charged L17E is able to preferentially disrupt negatively charged endosomal membranes to enable a marked cytosolic liberation of antibodies (immunoglobulins G (IgGs)) from endosomes.L17E had little pH dependence and no enhanced helical structure is needed for L17E-mediated membrane lysis.</p>

<p>Gene therapy is potentially an ideal treatment for muscle tissue myopathies but targeting remains an issue. The large volume of muscle in the body versus the requirement for tissue-specificity is of particular concern. This heptapeptide has been shown to preferentially bind skeletal myofibers and thus can be used to study targeting of peptide/gene-delivery to muscle tissue. Research into gene therapy of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) and spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) has been of particular interest with muscle targeting peptides. This product already shows ideal placement to continue that research to overcome some of these issues.</p>

<p>The activation of transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1 (TRPV1) is believed to play a role in hyperalgesia, asthma and hypertension. TRPV1 is important for neuronal pain detection as well as the detection of heat, capsaicin, protons and the neurotransmitter anandamide.- The scaffold protein AKAP79 targets kinases to phosphorylate TRPV1, however it has been shown that inflammatory intermediates prostaglandin-E2 or bradykinin can activate these kinases creating a route for inflammation to cause hyperalgesia.This product is composed of the TRPV1 interacting residues of AKAP79 reordered into a scrambled sequence and conjugated to the cell penetrating TAT domain at the N-terminus. The scrambled peptide was shown in vivo to have no effect on TRPV1 algesia and thus is a vital control for research work. This product is a vital tool for research into suitable TRPV1 antagonists. The scrambled-TAT peptide is available for purchase in both an acid and amide form, this is the C-terminal amide form.</p>

<p>TatCN21 is an inhibitor peptide for the calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII), a ubiquitously-expressed multifunctional serine/threonine protein kinase. TatCN21 blocks both autonomous and stimulated CaMKII activity with high selectivity. CaMKII is highly expressed in brain tissue where it regulates several processes including: neurotransmitter synthesis/release, neuronal plasticity- excitability and calcium homeostasis. Glutamate clearance by astrocytes is an essential part of normal excitatory neurotransmission, and accumulation of glutamate in the central nervous system is associated with many neurodegenerative disorders. CaMKII regulates glutamate homeostasis: CaMKII inhibition results in diminished glutamate uptake, dysregulated calcium homeostasis, release of the gliotransmitter ATP and compromise neuronal survival. Loss of CaMKII signalling may be an important factor in excitotoxicity. Peptide was obtained by linking the 11 amino acid human HIV Tat transporter to a 21 amino acid sequence corresponding to the CN21.</p>

<p>TAT-GluR23Y is a cell penetrating peptide that inhibits phosphorylation of AMPA receptor endocytosis.Recent studies have shown that AMPA receptor endocytosis, which is a cellular mechanism underlying the formation of LTD, plays a critical role in facilitating initial extinction of learned fear. Tat-Glur23Y can block regulated AMPA and thereby prevents long-term depression (LTD) in structures such as the nucleus accumbens and dorsal hippocampus.</p>

<p>Acetly-Claudin-9 is derived from the tight junction protein Claudin-9 which is encoded by the CLDN6 gene and can be found within epithelial cell to cell contacts. Structurally, the Claudin family, of which Claudin-9 is a member, are transmembrane proteins containing two extracellular loops and are involved in maintaining cell polarity and controlling paracellular ion flux.Reduction in the number of Claudins has been associated with tumour formation. This may be due to Claudin role in maintaining cell detachment and migration.Claudin-9 has been shown to be overexpressed in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and has the ability to increase the metastasis of hepatocytes. It further influences the activation of the Stat3 signalling pathway through tyrosine kinase 2. Overall CLDN9 demonstrates itself to be a HCC proto-oncogene.</p>

<p>Bacterial cell invasion begins by initially adhering to mucosa of the oro-intestinal, nasorespiratory, or genitourinary tract by specific adhesins. This leads to colonization of the region and ultimately infection. Studies showed acetyl-adhesin can inhibit binding of S. mutans to salivary receptors and can prevent S. mutans colonising the teeth. This suggests the peptide may be a useful antimicrobial agent against bacterial mucosal colonisation, particularly tooth decay.</p>

<p>CPPs can transport molecules such as nucleic acids, proteins and imaging agents into cells of interest. PR9, Pas non-arginine, is an arginine rich CPP. It is composed of the nona-arginine: R9 and Pas which is a peptide penetrating accelerating sequence and it functions to export molecules out of endocytic vesicles. During a study in which PR9 was in complex with a Quantum dot probe (QD) it was evident that the PR9/QD complex was transported into the cell through endocytosis and co-localises with actins, lysosomes, early endosomes and the nucleus. Due to the non-toxicity of the PR9/QD complex it can be used as a safe vector for biomedical purposes.</p>

<p>C5a receptor 2 (C5aR2, or C5L2) is a seven transmembrane non-G-protein-signalling receptor which binds the complement activation peptide C5a ligand. The complement cascade is a highly sophisticated network of innate immune proteins that are activated in response to invading pathogens or tissue injury. C5aR2 regulates the release of certain cytokines and is involved in a number of inflammatory conditions. C5aR2 can recruit and form a complex with β-arrestins, which can modulate ERK1/2 signalling in macrophages and neutrophils. C5aR2 has both pro- and anti-inflammatory actions. P32 is a functionally selective C5aR2 ligand which is able to recruit β-arrestin 2 with high efficacy, inhibit C5a-induced ERK1/2 activation and can selectively inhibit LPS-induced IL-6 release from human monocyte-derived macrophages (HMDMs). Functionally selective ligands for C5aR2 such as this are novel tools that can selectively modulate C5a activity and are therefore valuable tools in investigating C5aR2 function.</p>

<p>SARS-CoV-2 NSP7 (21-35)</p>

<p>Intracellular Sigma peptide is a membrane-permeable peptide mimetic of protein tyrosine phosphatase sigma (PTPσ) wedge. PTPσ is a neural receptor that binds with very high affinity to chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs). Inhibition of this interaction has been shown to promote regeneration of damaged nerves and improve nerve function in animal models. ISP has a protein transduction domain from HIV's trans-activating regulatory protein (Tat). This domain allows facilitates membrane-penetration.</p>

<p>P2-Hp-1935 is an antimicrobial peptide isolated from the skin secretions of the Montevideo tree frog (Hypsiboas pulchellus). P2-Hp-1935 displays activity against Gram positive and negative bacteria.</p>

<p>The coronavirus (CoV) nucleoprotein is the major component of CoV structural proteins. Also known as the nucleocapsid protein, it is an abundant RNA-binding protein critical for viral genome packaging. These factors make nucleoprotein a good target for developing new antiviral drugs. In addition, the identification of epitopes within the nucleoprotein sequence can help design more effective SARS-CoV-2 vaccines.Models have predicted epitopes exhibiting antigenicity, stability and interactions with MHC class-I and class-II molecules. Nucleoprotein (86-100) is an epitope candidate with various HLA restrictions. This epitope can be used to better vaccine design for more durable CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses for long-lasting immunity.</p>

<p>Ara h 1 is one of the major allergenic proteins from peanut (Arachis hypogaea) which contains approximately 13 potential allergenic proteins.Ara h 1 is a member of the 7/8 S globulin (vicilin) family of seed storage proteins belonging to the cupin superfamily and is the most abundant allergen present in the peanut kernel. Ara h 1 plays an important role in the allergy sensitising procedure and can be recognised by 90% of patients with a peanut allergy.This peptide represents a tryptic peptide of Ara h 1.</p>

<p>Bombesin/GRP receptor agonist derived from the pro-apoptotic protein BIM, which is a member of the BCL-2 family proteins and activates the BAX and BAK proteins to promote apoptosis.The process of apoptosis can be activated by the intrinsic or extrinsic pathways, the former is activated by stress stimuli such as DNA damage and nutrient deficiency, while the latter is induced through activation of the death receptors FAS and TRAIL.The BCL-2 family's transmembrane anchor at the C-terminus allows them to locate at the mitochondrial outer membrane and play a vital role in apoptosis.Within the mitochondria BIM is a member of the BH3 molecules alongside, BIM, PUMA and NOXA which can all be activated by the intrinsic pathway. These in turn can initiate the homo-oligomerisation of BAX and BAK which induce mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilisation (MOMP) and the release of cytochrome c into the cytosol. Here cytochrome c associates with APAF-1 and dATP, ultimately activating effector caspase3/7 and apoptosis.BIM can be activated by CHOP-mediated transcription and phosphatase 2A-mediated dephosphorylation during endoplasmic reticulum stress. However when BIM is phosphorylated it undergoes degradation by the proteasome.</p>

<p>Peptide substrate for the kallikrein-related peptidase 7 (KLK7), the most abundant KLK family protease in the stratum corneum (outermost layer of the epidermis). KLK family have been implicated in several key homeostatic processes and in skin diseases that feature impaired desquamation. Increased levels of KLK7, have been identified in the stratum corneum of patients with atopic dermatitis (AD). T-helper type 2 cytokines, including interleukin 4 (IL-4) and-IL-13, can stimulate expression of KLK7, suggesting a direct link between inflammation in AD and KLK7 levels.KLK7 cleaves its substrates after tyrosine or phenylalanine residues. This peptide contains a C-terminal 7-amino-4-methylcoumarin (AMC) fluorescent tag, which is quenched when linked to the peptide via the amide bond. AMC is cleaved from the peptide by KLK7, upon cleavage the AMC fluorescence is activated.</p>

<p>Ovalbumin (OVA) is the primary protein in egg-white, and is involved in initiating food allergies and asthma. It is a highly immunogenic protein and can be used for peptide conjugation in the development of antibodies.OVA (324-338) is a class I (Kb)-restricted peptide epitope of OVA. The ovalbumin fragment is presented by the class I MHC molecule, H-2Kb.</p>

<p>Binds to the cysteine rich domain of the Frizzled 7 receptor and inhibits Wnt signalling in cultured cells and stem cell function in intestinal organoids.</p>

<p>Portion of Influenza A</p>

<p>Highly specific protein tag that can be added to a protein using recombinant DNA technology. FLAG is an artificial antigen to which high affinity monoclonal antibodies have been raised, therefore allowing for highly effective protein purification by affinity chromatography as well as accurate localisation of FLAG tagged proteins within living cells, or Western blots. FLAG peptide can be used to effectively purify complexes with multiple proteins as its mild purification procedure tends not to disrupt such complexes. It can be used to obtain proteins of sufficient purity for x-ray crystallography.</p>

<p>Tetanus Toxin (1084-1099) is a protein that is derived from the single-chain polypeptide neurotoxin produced by Clostridium tetani. The neurotoxins produced by Clostridium tetani are among the most potent molecules known to humankind. Once in the body, the toxin binds to the basal lamina at the neuromuscular junction. From here, the toxin is transported to inhibitory interneurons in the spinal cord, where it prevents the release of neurotransmitters, which causes spastic paralysis.</p>

<p>Substrate peptide for C-terminal Src kinase (Csk) for use in kinase assays. Csk is a cytosolic tyrosine kinase that is closely related to the kinase Src and is a well-known negative regulator of Src family kinases. Csk has both tumour suppressor and oncogenic properties and has also been implicated in regulating blood pressure, making Csk a novel therapeutic target for hypertension disorders.</p>

<p>Cecropins are a lytic peptide family, originally isolated from Hyalophora cecropia. Cecropin-B is a cationic helical peptide that can form pores, this is believed to be the reason for its such potent lytic activity. Cecropin-B has been shown to be effective against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria plus numerous cancer cell lines including multidrug-resistant types. The ability to insert into the cell membrane and lead to pore formation is attributed to the amphipathic groups present creating amphipathic regions. The effectiveness of cecropin-B on cancer cells has led to further use of the peptide as a model for potential new anticancer drugs including cyclic cationic forms.</p>

<p>Vascular lipid deposition and altered lipid profiles are typical when unregulated angiogenesis is occurring, it is often seen in vascular disorders such as cancer and atherosclerosis. Apolipoprotein a (ApoA) functions as part of the lipid transporter complex high-density lipoproteins (HDL) to ensure lipid homeostasis and therefore the balance of angiogenesis. Within ApoA the Kringle5 (KV) domain (67 - 77), also known as KV11, has been identified as the region of ApoA that exerts anti-angiogenic effect. KV11 was shown in tumour cells to inhibit angiogenesis and consequently inhibits tumour progression. KV11 targets the angiogenesis c-Src/ERK pathway by blocking the activation signals received from vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). KV11 provides a new research potential for an anti-angiogenesis and anti-tumour therapeutic agent.</p>

<p>Peptide H-HIATNAVLFFGR^-OH is a Research Peptide with significant interest within the field academic and medical research. This peptide is available for purchase at Cymit Quimica in multiple sizes and with a specification of your choice.</p>

<p>H-Ser(tBu)-2-ClTrt-Resin (100-200 mesh) 1% DVB is a resin that is designed for the synthesis of peptides. It can be used as a building block and has been shown to react with thiols, alcohols, amines, and other building blocks.</p>

<p>Peptide H-FGQGSGPIVLDDVR^-OH is a Research Peptide with significant interest within the field academic and medical research. This peptide is available for purchase at Cymit Quimica in multiple sizes and with a specification of your choice.</p>

Peptide H-SFGNPFEPQAR^-OH is a Research Peptide with significant interest within the field academic and medical research. This peptide is available for purchase at Cymit Quimica in multiple sizes and with a specification of your choice.

Custom research peptide; min purity 95%. For different specs please use the Peptide Quote Tool

<p>M-CSF is a protein that is involved in the regulation of the immune system. It is an activator of macrophages, and it also binds to receptors on cells of the immune system. It can be used as a research tool for studying how cells communicate with each other, and how certain proteins interact with each other. M-CSF is also an antibody that can bind to ion channels and other proteins. This antibody can be used for pharmacological studies to find inhibitors for specific proteins or peptides. M-CSF has been shown to have effects on many different types of cells, including lymphocytes, monocytes, neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, and mast cells.</p>

Peptide H-GIGAVLKVLTTGLPALISWIKRKRQQC-NH2 is a Research Peptide with significant interest within the field academic and medical research. This peptide is available for purchase at Cymit Quimica in multiple sizes and with a specification of your choice.

<p>CMV pp65 (Human, 495-503) is an immunogenic peptide, which is derived from the Human Cytomegalovirus (HCMV) phosphoprotein pp65. Also known as CEF20 or Cytomegalovirus pp65 (495-503), this peptide is a fragment of a viral protein known to play a significant role in the immune response to CMV infection. The source of this peptide is the viral protein itself, specifically a conserved region within it.The mode of action involves its recognition by cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs), which are crucial for evaluating cellular immune responses in research settings. Researchers use it to monitor and study immune responses to HCMV, particularly in contexts involving immunocompromised individuals such as transplant recipients, where CMV infection poses significant risks.In applications, CMV pp65 (495-503) is primarily utilized in immunological studies, including T-cell assays and vaccine research, to better understand the dynamics of immune responses to CMV. Its role in scientific investigations is central to developing therapeutic strategies and diagnostic tools related to CMV and other related viral infections.</p>