Enzyme Substrates

<p>3-Nitrophenyl beta-D-glucopyranoside is a chromogenic enzyme substrate commonly used to assay for beta-glucosidase activity. Upon hydrolysis by the enzyme, it produces a yellow product that can be easily detected by spectrophotometry. This substrate is often used in the field of carbohydrate chemistry and biochemistry to study enzyme kinetics and inhibition in both in vitro and in vivo systems.</p>

<p>2-Naphthyl-beta-D-glucuronide sodium salt is an enzyme substrate to detect beta-glucuronidase. The enzyme cleaves the glycosidic bond in 2-naphthyl-beta-D-glucuronide to release 2-naphtol and glucuronic acid. Beta-glucuronidase activity assays are important in many fields such as cancer research, as the enzyme is expressed in some tumors and its activity can be targeted for cancer therapy. The enzyme has also an important role in drug metabolism as it recognizes and binds to drug glucuronide conjugate (as 2-naphthyl-beta-D-glucuronide) facilitating its hydrolysis to release the active part. 2-Naphthyl-beta-D-glucuronide sodium salt has a higher solubility as it is in its salt form.</p>

<p>Chromogenic β-Glucosaminidase substrate yielding a yellow absorbent solution upon cleavage.</p>

<p>Aldol® 470 choline phosphate is a chromogenic and fluorogenic enzyme substrate used for detection of phosphatidyl-choline specific phospholipase C (PC-PLC, EC 3.1.4.3) activity. The colorless product is cleaved by PC-PLC positive microorganisms in liquid or solid media, yielding a yellow color and green fluorescence. Aldol® 470 choline phosphate therefore, enables the detection and identification of PC-PLC positive pathogenic bacteria, such as, Clostridium perfringens, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Helicobacter pylori, Legionella pneumophila, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus anthracis, Listeria monocytogenes, and others. Aldol® 470 choline phosphate can be used under aerobic and anaerobic conditions.</p>

<p>1-Naphthyl β-D-mannopyranoside is a chromogenic (also fluorogenic) substrate. After cleavage, 1-naphthol is released and is used to quantify beta-mannosidase activity.</p>

<p>For use in bacterial detection</p>

<p>A substrate used for the diagnosis of Sanfilippo disease C (MPS III C).</p>

<p>Glycyl-glycine 7-amido-4-methylcoumarin hydrochloride (Gly-Gly-AMC) is a fluorescent compound that can be used as a probe for the transfer of glycine in the brain. Gly-Gly-AMC binds to Langerhans cells and is transferred by an anterograde axonal transport mechanism from the peripheral nervous system to the central nervous system. The binding of Gly-Gly-AMC to Langerhans cells has been shown to activate them, which induces the release of inflammatory mediators into the surrounding tissue. This activity may be due to increased levels of calcium ions, which are known to induce exocytosis in these cells. Glycine is also involved in depression and other mental disorders, as well as muscle and brain activity.</p>

<p>4-Methylumbelliferyl beta-D-glucuronide (MUG) is commonly used as a substrate for detecting beta-glucuronidase. MUG is used for identifying E. coli contamination in food, drinking water, clinical samples and for rapid bacterial identification in blood cultures. It is recommended in international normatives (ISO, DIN) as a fluorogenic substrate for detection of E. coli. MUG is also a tool assaying the glucuronidase gene in plants.</p>

<p>4-Methylumbelliferyl lignocerate is a fluorogenic substrate for lipase. After enzymatic cleaveage, free 4-methylumbelliferone (also known as hymecromone) is released, exhibiting blue fluorescence upon excitation with UV light. The strongest fluorescence of 4-methylumbelliferone requires deprotonation of the hydroxyl group (thus requires alkaline pH), with a maximal fluorescence intensity obtained with excitation at 350 to 370 nm and emission at 440 to 470 nm. The use of 4-methylumbelliferyl lignocerateas a substrate for measuring the lipase activity is used for X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy diagnosis and peroxisomal disorder screening.</p>

<p>Water soluble substrate for firefly luciferase.</p>

<p>Water soluble substrate for visualizing alkaline phosphatase activity. Produces a magenta colored insoluble end product that is detected visually, when used together with nitroblue tetrazolium. The substrate system is versatile and functions in a variety of applications, including Northern, Southern, and Western blotting, in situ hybridization, ELISAs and immunohistochemistry.</p>

<p>Luc-Enterobacteria Na is a fluorogenic substrate that can be used for the detection of Enterobacteriaceae. This product has been shown to have high purity and a CAS number. Luc-Enterobacteria Na is also conjugated with an enzyme substrate, making it suitable for detecting the presence of bacterial colonies in culture media.</p>

<p>Chromogenic substrate for beta-glucuronidase (GUS) yielding blue precipitate upon cleavage. Used for identification of beta-glucuronidase. X-beta-D-glucuronide has been reported as chromogenic substrate in a number of chromogenic E. coli/ coliform culture media. About 95% of common E. coli possess beta-D-glucuronidase activity. Such chromogenic culture media are used for detection and enumeration of E. coli in food samples such as meat, dairy products and shellfish and have clinical applications in the assessment of urinary infections. It has gained international acceptance as highly accurate test for the presence of E. coli in drinking water samples. It is also used for the detection of the expression of GUS (E. coli beta-glucuronidase) gene fusion marker constructs in plants. The sodium salt has advantages over the cyclohexylammonium salt as being non-electrostatic and possessing a naturally-occurring cation.</p>

<p>Please enquire for more information about L-Phenylalanine 7-amido-4-methylcoumarin, trifluoroacetate salt including the price, delivery time and more detailed product information at the technical inquiry form on this page</p>

<p>4-Nitrophenyl-beta-L-fucopyranoside is a chromogenic substrate used in the determination of alpha-glucosidase activity. The formation of phenol from 4-nitrophenyl leads to the production of a yellow color that can be quantified by measuring its absorbance at 490 nm. This assay is based on the principle that alpha-glucosidase hydrolyzes sucrose into glucose and fructose, which are then oxidized to form 4-nitrophenol and 4-nitroanomeric acid, respectively. The reaction product is detected by measuring the absorption at 490 nm.</p>

<p>Fluorogenic substrate for chitinase</p>

<p>Chromogenic substrates targeting beta-xylosidase</p>

<p>4-Methylumbelliferyl 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranoside-6-sulfate sodium salt is a high-quality fluorogenic substrate specifically designed for the detection and quantification of various enzymes, including beta-glucosidases and sulfatases. Upon hydrolysis by the target enzyme, this substrate releases the highly fluorescent 4-methylumbelliferone, allowing for real-time monitoring and accurate measurement of enzyme activities in biochemical assays, diagnostic tests, and research applications. 4-Methylumbelliferyl 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranoside-6-sulfate sodium salt has excellent solubility in water, ensuring a consistent and reliable performance in different experimental conditions. This versatile substrate is an essential tool for researchers and industry professionals who require a sensitive and reproducible detection method for enzymes of interest.</p>

<p>N-CBZ-L-Lysyl-L-lysyl-L-arginine 7-amido-4-methylcoumarin triacetate is a synthetic peptide substrate used as a fluorogenic substrate for aminopeptidase.</p>

<p>Naphthol AS-BI sulphate potassium salt is a modified naphtol AS substrate used for alkaline and acid phosphatase.</p>

<p>3-Indoxyl sulfate, potassium salt (3ISK) is a chemical compound that is soluble in water. It has been used as a marker for bowel disease, and it has been shown to react with analytical methods such as titration calorimetry and lc-ms/ms. 3ISK can be used to determine the optimum concentration for pharmacological treatment of bowel disease. The metabolic fate of 3ISK has been studied extensively and it is found that 3ISK is metabolized by microbial enzymes in the gut, which may lead to an increased incidence of bowel disease in patients with low levels of microbial metabolism. 3ISK also plays an important physiological function by maintaining mitochondrial membrane potential, which could have implications for pharmacological treatment of bowel disease.</p>

<p>Chromogenic β-glucosidase substrate yielding a yellow solution upon cleavage.</p>

<p>Chromogenic substrate to visualize beta-glucuronidase activity; produces a red color</p>

<p>4-Nitrophenyl 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-a-D-glucopyranoside is a chromogenic pNP substrate specifically designed for the analysis of N-acetylglucosaminidase activity. Upon enzyme action, the substrate releases 4-nitrophenol, a yellow compound that can be detected by spectrophotometric methods, providing a reliable and sensitive means of quantifying enzyme activity. This versatile substrate is widely used in biochemical studies, disease diagnostics, and the enzyme production industry.</p>

<p>Aldol® 515 palmitate is a chromogenic substrate that is used in food testing, diagnostics, and other applications. It has a high purity and is conjugated to various ligands for specific applications. Aldol® 515 palmitate is an excellent chemiluminescent substrate for the detection of ATP and other nucleotides. It also has high bioluminescence activity for the detection of adenosine-5'-triphosphate (ATP) or luciferin as well as enzyme substrates to measure β-galactosidase or β-glucuronidase activity.</p>

<p>L-Proline 7-amido-4-methylcoumarin hydrobromide is a fluorogenic substrate that is used to measure esterase and peptidase activity in a variety of animal and microbial sources. This compound has been shown to have a lipase activity. L-Proline 7-amido-4-methylcoumarin hydrobromide is also used as an enzyme preparation and as an enzyme source.</p>

<p>5-Bromo-4-Chloro-3-Indoxyl-N-Acetyl-Beta-D-Galactosaminide is a chromogenic substrate for detecting beta-galactosidase and GalNAc-transferase enzymes. Upon hydrolysis by the enzyme, it produces a blue-green colored compound that can be detected visually or measured spectrophotometrically. This substrate is useful in characterizing the activity of Beta-Galactosidase and GalNAc-transferase enzymes involved in glycobiology research and diagnostic applications.</p>

<p>4-Methylumbelliferyl 3-deoxy-D-glycero-a-D-galacto-2-nonulosonic acid sodium salt is a fluorogenic substrate that can be used to detect enzyme activity. It reacts with the enzyme β-galactosidase, which hydrolyzes lactose in the presence of oxygen and hydrogen peroxide. The product is 4methylumbelliferone, which emits light in the presence of luciferin and an oxidizing agent. This product is used for diagnostics, food testing, and environmental testing. CAS No. 123269-95-4</p>

<p>6-Chloro-3-indoxyl choline phosphate is a chromogenic substrate for phosphatidylcholine-specific phospholipase C (PC-PLC) for the detection of mibrobial metabolites. The use of this specific substrate permits monitoring the activity of PC-PLC. This an important enzyme for the regulation of steady-state levels of phosphatidylcholine (PC) and diacylglycerol (DAG). Abnormally high levels of PC-PLC activity in various tissues have been linked to many disease progressions.</p>

<p>6-Chloro-1H-indol-3-yl hexadecanoate is a chromogenic substrate for an enzyme that oxidizes it to produce a blue color. It can be used in the diagnosis of bacterial infections, such as tuberculosis and leprosy. 6CHIH is a ligand for various enzymes, including lactate dehydrogenase, which catalyzes the conversion of pyruvate to lactic acid. This compound reacts with oxygen to produce light in the presence of a catalyst. 6CHIH is also used as a fluorescent tag for protein labeling and detection.<br>6CHIH has been shown to be effective in detecting bacteria in food products and water samples using bioluminescence techniques. The high purity and quality of this compound make it suitable for use in diagnostics, culture media, and environmental testing.</p>

<p>AquaSpark® Calibration Probe is a water-soluble dioxetane-based chemiluminescent probe. Deprotonation of the free phenol group of the calibration probe under mild basic conditions results in an emissive decomposition process. No addition of enhancer or sensitizing agent is required to produce the bright green light emission in aqueous solutions.<br>AquaSpark® Calibration Probe is used for:<br><br>Demonstration experiment susing only the probe and an aqueous solution or water;<br>Evaluation of the AquaSpark® maximum light emission;<br>Functional tests of luminometers, plate readers and cameras;<br>Comparison with other probes bearing an enzyme labile group in order to build concentration/response curves;<br>Validation and comparison between different AquaSpark® probes.</p>

<p>Fluorogenic substrate for beta-glucosidase yielding a blue fluorescent solution. Used for the detection of beta-glucosidase as an indicator of Enterococci.</p>

<p>4-Methylumbelliferyl 2-deoxy-2-sulfamino-beta-D-glucopyranoside sodium salt is a fluorogenic substrate for N-sulfoglucosamine sulfohydrolase. After enzymatic cleaveage, free 4-methylumbelliferone (also known as hymecromone) is released, exhibiting blue fluorescence upon excitation with UV light. The strongest fluorescence of 4-methylumbelliferone requires deprotonation of the hydroxyl group (thus requires alkaline pH), with a maximal fluorescence intensity obtained with excitation at 350 to 370 nm and emission at 440 to 470 nm. The use of 4-methylumbelliferyl 2-deoxy-2-sulfamino-beta-D-glucopyranoside sodium saltas a substrate for measuring the N-sulfoglucosamine sulfohydrolase activity is used for screening of Mucopolysaccharidosis IIIA (MPS IIIA) and diagnosis of Sanfilippo A syndrome.</p>

<p>1-Naphthyl a-D-galactopyranoside is a chromogenic substrate use to detect alpha-galactosidase activity.</p>

<p>Fluorogenic substrate for α-L-Fucosidase yielding a blue fluorescent solution upon cleavage.</p>

<p>4-Methylumbelliferyl-beta-L-fucopyranoside is a fluorogenic substrate that is used in food testing. It also has uses as a chromogenic substrate and a ligand for biological studies. 4-Methylumbelliferyl-beta-L-fucopyranoside is a conjugate of 4-methylumbelliferone and beta-D-fucopyranosyl ester, which is an enzyme substrate for the detection of phosphatases. This product can be used to detect the activity of phosphatase enzymes in various media, including culture media, environmental testing, and staining. 4MUFBPY also has chemiluminescent properties that can be used for bioluminescence assays.</p>

<p>4-Chloro-3-indoxyl-1,3-diacetate is a fluorogenic or chromogenic substrate used in food testing. It is also an enzyme substrate that can be used to detect the presence of bioluminescence. 4-Chloro-3-indoxyl-1,3-diacetate has been shown to have high purity and high quality for use in diagnostic kits. 4-Chloro-3-indoxyl-1,3-diacetate is a ligand that is conjugated with other molecules to form complexes for use in fluorescence and chemiluminescence experiments.</p>

<p>Chitin azure is a chromogenic substrate for chitinases. It is one of the few specific substrates for this enzyme that produces chito-oligosaccharides from chitin.</p>

<p>A sensitive fluorogenic substrate for fluorometric and UV-spectrophotometric assays of phosphatases. It is used for the detection of C. perfringens because acid phosphatase is a highly specific indicator for C. perfringens.</p>

<p>Nalpha-CBZ-L-Citrulline-p-nitroanilide is a synthetic chromogenic enzyme substrate used in protease enzymatic stutides. After hydrolysis, p-nitroaniline is released, which produces a yellow color detectable spectrophotometrically at 405 nm.</p>

<p>Aldol® 470 acetate is a Fluorogenic substrate that is used in enzymatic reactions to produce a fluorescent product. Aldol® 470 acetate can be used as a ligand or a chromogenic substrate. This product is also used in diagnostic tests, such as conjugates and chemiluminescence, to detect the presence of certain enzymes or microorganisms. It can be used in culture media to measure the amount of certain enzymes, such as phosphatases or proteases, and has been shown to have high purity and quality. This product has CAS No. 1318785-37-3, 1318785-38-4, 1318785-39-5, 1318785-40-6 and 1318785-41-7.</p>

<p>Aldol® 484 alpha-D-glucopyranoside is a chromogenic and fluorogenic enzyme substrate for alpha-glucosidase activity (EC 3.2.1.20, alpha-1,4-glucosidase, also known as maltase). The colorless enzyme substrate is cleaved by bacteria producing this enzyme in liquid or solid media, yielding orange color. Green fluorescence is also generated if a suitable matrix is present such as: cellulose acetate filters, polypropylene tubes or microplates and polyethylene vials. Aldol® 484 alpha-D-glucopyranoside can be used under aerobic and anaerobic conditions.</p>

<p>Reducing co-substrate for heme peroxidases; test reagent in microbiology</p>

<p>4-Methylumbelliferyl-a-D-mannopyranoside-2-phosphoethanolamine is a fluorescent substrate used in enzyme assays. It is an analog of the natural substrate, 4-methylumbelliferyl-alpha-D-mannopyranoside, which is a phosphoethanolamine linked to alpha-D-mannose. This product can be used as a chromogenic or fluorogenic substrate for various enzymes, including beta glucosidase, beta galactosidase, and beta lactonase. 4MUMPE can also be used for bioluminescent studies and has been shown to have high purity and quality.</p>

<p>Chromogenic substrate yielding a soluble chromophore for the colorimetric assay of α-D-galactosidase upon cleavage. Used for the detection of hydrolases in tissues and membranes.</p>

<p>2-Nitrophenyl a-D-glucopyranoside is a chromogenic substrate commonly used to assay the activity of glucosidases. Upon cleavage of the glycosidic bond by glucosidases, the released 2-nitrophenyl group yields a yellow color detectable by spectrophotometry. This substrate has high sensitivity and is widely used in a variety of applications, including drug discovery and enzyme kinetics studies.</p>

<p>4-Methylumbelliferyl-alpha-L-rhamnopyranoside is a fluorogenic substrate for alpha-L-rhamnosidase. After enzymatic cleaveage, free 4-methylumbelliferone (also known as hymecromone) is released, exhibiting blue fluorescence upon excitation with UV light. The strongest fluorescence of 4-methylumbelliferone requires deprotonation of the hydroxyl group (thus requires alkaline pH), with a maximal fluorescence intensity obtained with excitation at 350 to 370 nm and emission at 440 to 470 nm. The use of 4-methylumbelliferyl-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosideas a substrate for measuring the alpha-L-rhamnosidase activity is used for detection of bacterial infection.</p>

<p>Green I is a nucleic acid dye that has been shown to have antioxidative properties. It inhibits protein synthesis in mammalian cells by binding to the DNA and blocking transcription. Green I has also been shown to inhibit the growth of tumor cells and to cause cell death by oxidative damage. Green I is not genotoxic, but it can cause false positive results in genotoxicity tests. Green I has also been shown to be a potential biomarker for renal cell cancer, as well as a prognostic marker for this cancer. This dye enhances polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and is used in biological research because of its ability to bind with proteins and form complexes with DNA.</p>

<p>This Clips-O substrate 7-((4'-L-Alaninamido)-rac-3'-hydroxybutyloxy) coumarin allows the detection of single and dual enzymatic activity (L-alanine aminopetidase and oxidation of 4-amino-3-hydroxybutyloxy spacer either enzymatically or by exposure to sodium periodate) with a single substrate resulting in a fluorescent signal. The main virtues of Clips-O substrates are an increased stability towards non-enzymatic hydrolysis that results in a reduced background and high sensitivity.</p>