Enzyme Substrates

For use in bacterial detection

6-Bromo-2-naphthyl 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-b-D-glucopyranoside is a chromogenic substrate used for the detection of chitinase activity. Upon hydrolysis by chitinase, it releases a yellow-brown color, which is easily detected by spectrophotometry. This substrate has been used to study chitinases in various organisms, including bacteria, fungi, and insects. It can also be used to quantitate chitinase activity in various biological samples.

2-Nitrophenyl a-D-glucopyranoside is a chromogenic substrate commonly used to assay the activity of glucosidases. Upon cleavage of the glycosidic bond by glucosidases, the released 2-nitrophenyl group yields a yellow color detectable by spectrophotometry. This substrate has high sensitivity and is widely used in a variety of applications, including drug discovery and enzyme kinetics studies.

2-Naphthyl beta-D-galactopyranoside is a glycoside that is found in the flowers of the plant Eschscholzia californica. It is used as a localizer for bacterial strains and can be hydrolyzed by enzymes to release naphthalene. 2-Naphthyl beta-D-galactopyranoside has been shown to inhibit the growth of corynebacterium and diazonium salt, which may be due to its ability to bind to DNA and disrupt protein synthesis. The potential use of this molecule is for its insolubility, which prevents it from being absorbed by skin cells.

Chromogenic substrate to visualize beta-glucuronidase activity; produces a red color

This Clips-O substrate 7-((4'-L-Alaninamido)-rac-3'-hydroxybutyloxy) coumarin allows the detection of single and dual enzymatic activity (L-alanine aminopetidase and oxidation of 4-amino-3-hydroxybutyloxy spacer either enzymatically or by exposure to sodium periodate) with a single substrate resulting in a fluorescent signal. The main virtues of Clips-O substrates are an increased stability towards non-enzymatic hydrolysis that results in a reduced background and high sensitivity.

2-Nitrophenyl b-D-arabinopyranoside is a chemical compound that is used in the detection of ATP by chemiluminescence. It acts as a substrate for enzymes such as luciferase and catalase, which catalyze the oxidation of 2-nitrophenyl b-D-arabinopyranoside to phenol and carbon dioxide with the release of light. This reaction can be used in diagnostic applications such as detecting bacteria in culture media or diagnosing food spoilage. 2-Nitrophenyl b-D-arabinopyranoside can also be used as a conjugate to detect proteins or nucleic acids by fluorescence spectroscopy. The CAS number for this compound is 107772-06-1.

Fluorogenic substrate for α-L-Fucosidase yielding a blue fluorescent solution upon cleavage.

Aldol® 484 alpha-D-glucopyranoside is a chromogenic and fluorogenic enzyme substrate for alpha-glucosidase activity (EC 3.2.1.20, alpha-1,4-glucosidase, also known as maltase). The colorless enzyme substrate is cleaved by bacteria producing this enzyme in liquid or solid media, yielding orange color. Green fluorescence is also generated if a suitable matrix is present such as: cellulose acetate filters, polypropylene tubes or microplates and polyethylene vials. Aldol® 484 alpha-D-glucopyranoside can be used under aerobic and anaerobic conditions.

Water soluble substrate for firefly luciferase. Used for imaging the expression of the LUC marker gene and luciferase-fusion conjugates in living cells, tissues and organisms. Extensively utilized in reporter gene assays, immunoassays and hygiene monitoring. Endotoxin free product.

Ostazin Brilliant Red H-3B Galactomannan is a chemiluminescent substrate used for the detection of β-1,4-galactomannans. It reacts with the glucose residues on the mannan backbone to produce a red fluorescent product. This product can be detected by spectrophotometry at an excitation wavelength of 395 nm and emission wavelength of 510 nm. The Ostazin Brilliant Red H-3B Galactomannan substrate is useful in detecting Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Group A streptococci, Group B streptococci, Group D streptococci, Group G streptococci, and Group C streptococci.

4-Methylumbelliferyl 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranoside-6-sulfate potassium salt is a fluorogenic substrate for beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase. After enzymatic cleaveage, free 4-methylumbelliferone (also known as hymecromone) is released, exhibiting blue fluorescence upon excitation with UV light. The strongest fluorescence of 4-methylumbelliferone requires deprotonation of the hydroxyl group (thus requires alkaline pH), with a maximal fluorescence intensity obtained with excitation at 350 to 370 nm and emission at 440 to 470 nm. The use of 4-methylumbelliferyl 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranoside-6-sulfate potassium saltas a substrate for measuring the beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase activity is used for diagnosis of Mucopolysaccharidosis IIIB (MPS IIIB) (a rare lysosomal storage disorder) and Sanfilippo B syndrome screening.

(+)-Biotin 4-amidobenzoic acid sodium salt, often referred as (+)-biotin PABA, is a fluorogenic substrate used to measure biotinidase activity, especially in newborn screening programs.