Enzyme Substrates

<p>L-Histidine 7-amido-4-methylcoumarin hydrochloride is a synthetic peptide substrate used as a fluorogenic substrate for histidine aminopeptidase.</p>

<p>Coelenterazine e is a synthetic, fluorescent amino acid that can be used to measure calcium ion concentration. It binds to calcium ions and emits light when excited with blue light. Coelenterazine e is an analog of coelenteramide, which is a luminescent protein found in jellyfish. Coelenterazine e has been shown to emit fluorescence when it interacts with calcium ions, while coelenteramide emits bioluminescence instead. The emission of light from coelenterazine e is due to the stabilization of the molecule by calcium ions.</p>

<p>N-Acetyl-3,7-dihydroxyphenoxazine is a fluorescent probe, which is synthesized from chemical precursors and used primarily in biochemical research. This compound acts by undergoing a chemical reaction with hydrogen peroxide, resulting in the formation of resorufin, a highly fluorescent compound. The distinctive property of this probe is its capacity to produce a measurable fluorescent signal upon interaction with hydrogen peroxide, making it an invaluable tool for detecting and quantifying this reactive oxygen species.</p>

<p>5-Bromo-6-chloro-3-indoxyl sulfate, potassium salt is a fluorogenic substrate for the enzyme alkaline phosphatase. This compound is used in the detection of alkaline phosphatase activity as well as in many other applications such as diagnostic tests and environmental testing. 5-Bromo-6-chloro-3-indoxyl sulfate, potassium salt is available at high purity and quality.</p>

<p>4-Nitrophenyl phosphate disodium salt hexahydrate is a substrate of the hydrolase alkaline phosphatase. The products of the enzymatic reaction are 4-nitrophenol and phosphate.</p>

<p>Aldol 458 nonanoate is a fluorogenic substrate that can be used in the detection of enzyme activity particularly C8/C9-esterases, lipases activity producing a yellow/green-orange color. Aldol 458 nonanoate reacts with enzymes, such as oxidoreductases and hydrolases, to produce light. This product is a conjugate of aldol 458 nonanoate and an enzyme substrate for the detection of these enzymes. It has been shown to be useful in food testing, staining, fluorogenic substrate, environmental testing, chromogenic substrate, conjugate, high purity, enzyme substrate for diagnostics and ligand.</p>

<p>2-Nitrophenyl b-D-cellobioside heptaacetate is a chromogenic enzyme substrate used to assay for cellobiohydrolase activity. The substrate undergoes enzymatic hydrolysis, releasing 2-nitrophenol which can then be detected via absorbance at 400 nm. This type of substrate is also used for the analysis of cellulose and hemicelluloses in plant materials. The heptaacetate modification enhances solubility, making it ideal for use in organic solvents, and it also protects against unwanted hydrolysis by acid or alkali. The substrate can be used in a variety of applications, including enzyme assay development, screening for inhibitors or activators, and in the study of the mode of action and substrate specificity of cellulase enzymes.</p>

<p>4-Trifluoromethylumbelliferyl b-D-glucopyranoside is a fluorogenic substrate for beta-glucosidase. Upon hydrolysis, the fluorogenic moiety (blueish) 4-trifluoromethylumbelliferone (also known as TFMU) is released. 4-Trifluoromethylumbelliferyl b-D-glucopyranoside is commonly used in bacterial detection and in Gaucher disease diagnosis.</p>

<p>6-(b-D-Galactopyranosyloxy)-9-(4-methoxy-2-methylphenyl)-3H-xanthen-3-one (MGBG) is a hydrophilic activatable fluorescence probe that has been shown to be effective in photodynamic therapy. MGBG is activated by light and has a high affinity for esterases, which are found in many tissues. The fluorescence of the MGBG is quenched by the esterase enzymes, but when it is exposed to light and oxygen, the probe becomes activated and its fluorescence increases. MGBG can be used as a fluorescent probe for intraperitoneal tumor resection or as a fluorescent imaging agent in optical microscopy.</p>

<p>6-Chloro-3-indolyl b-D-cellobioside is a chromogenic substrate that produces a salmon-pink color after enzymatic cleavage. It is used for detecting the activity of beta-D-cellobiosidase in enzyme assays.</p>

<p>Coelenterazine is a bio-luminescent substrate of luciferases such as Renilla luciferase (Rluc) and Gaussia luciferase (Gluc). The main applications of Coelenterazine are monitoring of reporter genes and chemiluminescence-based methods for Calcium detection. The substrate is also used in bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET), ELISA, HTS and chemiluminescent detection of superoxide anion and peroxynitritein cells or tissues. About this grade Coelenterazine, native, dried (C-7002): in order to provide milligram and sub-milligram quantities of native Coelenterazine we pre-dissolve the substance; defined amounts of Coelenterazine are subsequently dried under nitrogen in individual vials. Coelenterazine, native, dried is identical in quality and chemistry to our product Coelenterazine, native which is provided as a powder.<br>Information to the user: since Coelenterazine is sensitive to oxygen, degas your solvents for stock solutions, if possible. To dissolve Coelenterazine, native, dried please proceed as follows. 1) Add the appropriate amount of solvent. If possible through the septum using a needle. Otherwise open the cap with pliers. 2) Vortex the closed vial briefly to completely dissolve the content of the vial. 3) Take out the solution, if possible with a needle through the septum.</p>

<p>Fluorogenic substrate for α-D-glucosidase. It has been used in studies of Pompe's disease (Glycogen Storage Disease). Used for differentiation and enumeration of Enterobactersakazakii based on α-glucosidase activity.</p>

<p>Luciferin-alpha-D-galactoside, sodium salt (LDA) is a bioluminescence substrate. It is used in diagnostic tests for the detection of bacteria and fungi. LDA is also used to measure the effectiveness of biocides and disinfectants. This product has been shown to be a potent fluorogenic substrate in chemiluminescent assays that can be used effectively with firefly luciferase.</p>

<p>Chromogenic substrate for α-L-Fucosidase. 2-naphthol is released upon hydrolyzation. By simultaneous coupling with a suitable staining reagent, such as hexazonium p-rosaniline, the corresponding azo-dye is formed. Naphthols can also be detected by fluorescence analysis.</p>

<p>2-Chloro-4-nitrophenyl b-D-lactoside is a chromogenic enzyme substrate used to study the activity of enzymes. It produces a color when hydrolyzed, which makes it a valuable tool in screening for enzyme activity and studying enzyme kinetics.</p>

<p>4-Methylumbelliferyl N-acetyl-a-D-neuraminic acid sodium salt (4-MUNANA) is a fluorogenic substrate of neuraminidase. 4-Methylumbelliferone is released from 4-MUNANA by neuraminidase in the assay and can be detected fluorometrically with excitation at 365-380 nm and emission at 445-454 nm. It can also be used for fluorescent staining of sialidases in PAGE.</p>

<p>Luc-Enterococcus K (LK) is a Chromogenic substrate that can be used for the detection of Enterococcus. LK is a conjugate of beta-lactamase and luciferase, which are both enzymes. LK is used in diagnostics to detect the presence of Enterococcus in food and environmental samples. LK can also be used as a chemiluminescent substrate for the detection of Enterococcus in clinical specimens or as an enzyme substrate for the detection of Enterococcus in clinical specimens. CAS No.: 64739-74-8</p>

<p>2-Nitrophenyl-beta-D-thiogalactopyranoside is a chromogenic substrate used to detect the presence of galactosidase enzymes in various biological and biochemical assays. It consists of a nitrophenyl group attached to a galactose sugar molecule through a thioglycosidic bond. When acted upon by enzymes such as galactosidases, it releases the colored nitrophenyl group, which can be detected using spectrophotometry. This substrate is commonly used in assays for the detection of LacZ activity in bacterial cultures, as lacZ encodes for β-galactosidase.</p>

<p>Sensitive fluorogenic substrate for leucine aminopeptidase or a broad specificity aminopeptidase like aminopeptidase M that releases a bright blue fluorescent dye, 7-amino-4-methylcoumarin upon enzyme activity (excitation 380nm emission 440nm).</p>

<p>5-Nitro-3-indolyl-b-D-galactopyranoside is a substrate for a number of enzymes, including beta-galactosidase, beta-glucuronidase, and beta-mannosidase. It is used as an enzyme substrate in diagnostics to measure the activity of these enzymes. 5N3IG was also used to study the effects of conjugation on enzyme activity. 5N3IG is available in high purity and high quality at CAS No.</p>

<p>Aldol® 515 acetate is a chromogenic and fluorogenic substrate, used for detection of esterase activity. The colorless product is cleaved by purified esterase, or esterase secreted by microorganisms in liquid or solid media, yielding a red color and red fluorescence signal when Aldol® 355 fluorescence enhancer or a suitable matrix is present. Aldol® 515 acetate can be used under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Well detectable color/fluorescence of bacterial colonies or liquid cultures is obtained within 16-48 h. In the presence of a purified esterase, color and fluorescence develops within minutes to few hours.</p>

<p>Acetyl-L-alanine 7-amido-4-methylcoumarin is a fluorogenic substrate for aminopeptidase. The enzyme cleaves the N-terminal amino acids, yielding a blue fluorescent solution.</p>

<p>Chromogenic substrate for fucosyltransferases</p>

<p>4-Methylumbelliferyl-2-O-(alpha-L-fucopyranosyl)-beta-L-fucopyranoside is a fluorogenic substrate for alpha-L-fucosidase. After enzymatic cleaveage, free 4-methylumbelliferone (also known as hymecromone) is released, exhibiting blue fluorescence upon excitation with UV light. The strongest fluorescence of 4-methylumbelliferone requires deprotonation of the hydroxyl group (thus requires alkaline pH), with a maximal fluorescence intensity obtained with excitation at 350 to 370 nm and emission at 440 to 470 nm. The use of 4-methylumbelliferyl-2-O-(alpha-L-fucopyranosyl)-beta-L-fucopyranosideas a substrate for measuring the alpha-L-fucosidase activity is used for diagnosis of fucosidosis (defficiency of L-fucosidase).</p>

<p>5-Bromo-4-chloro-3-indoxyl-alpha-D-N-acetylneuraminic acid, cyclohexylammonium salt is a Fluorogenic substrate used for the detection of an enzyme that converts sialic acid to fluorescein. This product has a high quality and purity with a CAS number. It is used in Culture media as a conjugate, Enzyme substrate, Food testing, High purity, Diagnostics, ligand, Chromogenic substrate, Environmental testing. The product has been tested and found to be safe for use with animals and humans.</p>

<p>Chromogenic substrate for N-Acetyl-β-D-galactosaminidase yielding a salmon-colored precipitate.</p>

<p>4-Methylumbelliferyl 2-deoxy-2-sulfamino-a-D-glucopyranoside sodium salt (M3A or MU-GlcNS) is a fluorogenic substrate of heparin sulfamidase, used in the diagnosis of Mucopolysaccharidosis III type A (MPS III A). MPS III A, also known as Sanfilippo syndrome type A, is caused by the deficiency of heparan N-sulfatase. Heparin sulfamidase in the assay desulfates MU-GlcNS to 4-methylumbelliferyl 2-amino-2-deoxy-α-D-glucopyranoside (MU-GlcNH2). To release fluorometrically measurable 4-methylumbelliferone (MU) and by-product glucosamine, MU-GlcNH2 is further hydrolysed by an enzyme such as yeast α-glucosidase during a second incubation.</p>

<p>Fluorogenic substrate for esterase yielding a blue fluorescent solution upon cleavage.</p>

<p>4-Methylumbelliferyl 2-O-(a-L-fucopyranosyl)-b-D-galactopyranoside is an enzyme substrate used in chromogenic assays of alpha-fucosidases. It is also used for glycoprocessing enzymes in synthesis.</p>

<p>6-Bromo-2-naphthyl beta-D-glucuronide is a substrate for beta-glucuronidase, an enzyme involved in detoxification and bacterial metabolism. Upon enzymatic hydrolysis, it releases 6-bromo-2-naphthol, which forms a detectable dye when reacted with diazonium salts. This compound is widely used in microbiology to detecting E. coli in water testing and histochemical staining. 6-Bromo-2-naphthyl beta-D-glucuronide is also been used in cancer research studies. It has been found that some tumors are related to a high activity of beta-glucuronidase, responsible to reactivate the carcinogens and promote tumor progression, developing a drug resistance to chemotherapy.</p>

<p>4-Nitrophenyl beta-L-arabinopyranoside is a chromogenic substrate for beta-L-arabinosidase. Upon hydrolysis, para-nitrophenol is released yielding a yellowish colour. 4-Nitrophenyl beta-L-arabinopyranoside is used in different applications such as the Bacterial arabinan degradation assays, gut microbiome analysis</p>

<p>4-Nitrophenyl-beta-L-fucopyranoside is a chromogenic substrate used in the determination of alpha-glucosidase activity. The formation of phenol from 4-nitrophenyl leads to the production of a yellow color that can be quantified by measuring its absorbance at 490 nm. This assay is based on the principle that alpha-glucosidase hydrolyzes sucrose into glucose and fructose, which are then oxidized to form 4-nitrophenol and 4-nitroanomeric acid, respectively. The reaction product is detected by measuring the absorption at 490 nm.</p>

<p>3-(7-Hydroxycoumarin-3-carboxamido)propyl 4-O-(b-D-galactopyranosyl)-b-D-glucopyranoside is a fluorogenic substrate that is used for the detection of beta-galactosidase. It has been shown to be an efficient substrate for the enzyme beta galactosidase and can be used to detect this enzyme in cell culture media and other diagnostic applications. 3-(7-Hydroxycoumarin-3-carboxamido)propyl 4-O-(b-D-galactopyranosyl)-b-D-glucopyranoside can also be used as a chromogenic substrate, which is added to a reaction mixture containing beta galactosidase, where it is hydrolyzed by the enzyme to produce a blue color. This product also has food testing and environmental testing applications.</p>

<p>N-CBZ-L-Lysyl-L-lysyl-L-arginine 7-amido-4-methylcoumarin triacetate is a synthetic peptide substrate used as a fluorogenic substrate for aminopeptidase.</p>

<p>3-Acetylumbelliferyl beta-D-glucopyranoside is a fluorogenic enzyme substrate for beta-galactosidase-6-phosphatase. It is used in in diagnostic assays such as Gaucher disease.</p>

<p>4-Methylumbelliferyl-beta-D-ribofuranoside is a chemical compound that belongs to the class of phenols. It has been found in Australian plants and animals. 4-Methylumbelliferyl-beta-D-ribofuranoside is used as a corrosion inhibitor. This chemical has been shown to be effective against corrosion in mammals.br&gt;br&gt;<br>4-Methylumbelliferyl-beta-D-ribofuranoside can also be used as a fluorescent probe for studying cell membrane activity.</p>

<p>4-Nitrophenyl 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-a-D-glucopyranoside is a chromogenic pNP substrate specifically designed for the analysis of N-acetylglucosaminidase activity. Upon enzyme action, the substrate releases 4-nitrophenol, a yellow compound that can be detected by spectrophotometric methods, providing a reliable and sensitive means of quantifying enzyme activity. This versatile substrate is widely used in biochemical studies, disease diagnostics, and the enzyme production industry.</p>

<p>Aldol® 518 myo-inositol-1-phosphate is a chromogenic and fluorogenic enzyme substrate used for detection of phosphatidyl-inositol specific phospholipase C activity (PI-PLC, EC 4.6.1.13). The colorless enzyme substrate is cleaved by PI-PLC or PI-PLC-positive microorganisms grown in liquid or solid media, yielding an intense red coloration. In combination with Aldol® 355 fluorescence enhancer, red fluorescence can also obtained. Aldol® 518 myo-inositol-1-phosphate is suitable for use in liquid and solid media, under aerobic as well as anaerobic conditions.</p>

<p>6-Chloro-3-indoxyl choline phosphate is a chromogenic substrate for phosphatidylcholine-specific phospholipase C (PC-PLC) for the detection of mibrobial metabolites. The use of this specific substrate permits monitoring the activity of PC-PLC. This an important enzyme for the regulation of steady-state levels of phosphatidylcholine (PC) and diacylglycerol (DAG). Abnormally high levels of PC-PLC activity in various tissues have been linked to many disease progressions.</p>

<p>4-Methylumbelliferyl sulfate, potassium salt is a metabolite of 4-methylumbelliferone and has been used as a human serum marker. This molecule is conjugated with glucuronide and p-hydroxybenzoic acid to form the sulfate, glucuronide conjugate. The reaction mechanism of this compound is not known, but it is thought that the metabolism may involve oxidation at the methyl group. The analytical method for this compound can be performed using liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). This method can also be used in vitro to test antimicrobial activity against bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.</p>

<p>Fluorogenic substrate for N-Acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase yielding a blue fluorescent solution. Used for rapid identification of Salmonella species.</p>

<p>1-Naphthyl a-D-galactopyranoside is a chromogenic substrate use to detect alpha-galactosidase activity.</p>

<p>Aldol 458 nonanoate solution (0.75 M) is a substrate for enzymes and ligands, which is used in various applications such as food testing, staining, fluorogenic substrate, environmental testing, chromogenic substrate and conjugate. Aldol 458 nonanoate solution (0.75 M) has high purity and is highly stable at pH 2-12. This product can be used as a chemiluminescence or bioluminescence substrate. The CAS number for this product is 2484873-15-4.</p>

<p>2-(N-Hexadecanoylamino)-4-nitrophenylphosphocholine hydroxide, often abbreviated as HDA-PC, is a chromogenic substrate for acid sphingomyelinase enzyme. HDA-PC is used as a key substrate for measuring the activity of this enzyme, responsible for catalyzing the hydrolysis of sphingomyelin to ceramide. The activity assay for this measuring this enzyme's acitivy is to detect a deficiency (or lack) of the enzyme which is directly related to the Niemann-Pick disease.</p>

<p>Nalpha-CBZ-L-Citrulline-p-nitroanilide is a synthetic chromogenic enzyme substrate used in protease enzymatic stutides. After hydrolysis, p-nitroaniline is released, which produces a yellow color detectable spectrophotometrically at 405 nm.</p>

<p>Fluorochrome for calibration of fluorimeters.  Used with corresponding fluorogenic substrates for the diagnosis of Krabbe - and Niemann-Pick A/B disease.</p>

<p>Chromogenic substrate yielding a soluble chromophore for the colorimetric assay of α-D-galactosidase upon cleavage. Used for the detection of hydrolases in tissues and membranes.</p>

<p>Luc-S.aureus K is an enzyme conjugate containing luciferase and a specific antibody against Staphylococcus aureus. It is used for detection of S.aureus in laboratory cultures, food, and environmental samples. The light produced by this product is proportional to the amount of bacteria present in the sample. This product can be used as a chemiluminescent substrate for detecting alkaline phosphatase activity or as a fluoro-luminescent substrate for detecting beta-galactosidase activity. Luc-S.aureus K has high purity and high quality, with 100% specific binding affinity for S.aureus and no cross reactivity with other bacteria or host cells, making it suitable for use in diagnostic applications.</p>

<p>Phosphoric acid, mono(4-nitrophenyl) ester is an inhibitor that binds to the human serum albumin (HSA), thereby preventing it from binding to the transcriptional regulatory protein. This leads to a decrease in the activity of this protein and consequently less inhibition of gene expression. The structural analysis of this inhibitor has shown that it forms hydrogen bonding interactions with basic proteins, while its reactivity is mainly dependent on Michaelis–Menten kinetics. The inhibitor also inhibits enzyme activities by binding to their active sites, reducing the enzyme's ability to catalyze reactions.</p>

<p>For detection of beta-galactosidase activity. <br>The colors of the chromogen can be adjusted by incorporating different functional groups, e.g. cyano or nitro group, which yields purple or black green colonies with beta-galactosidase positive strain.</p>