Chromogenic Substrates

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Aldol® 467 beta-D-galactopyranoside is a chromogenic and fluorogenic enzyme substrate used for detection of beta-galactosidase activity. The colorless product is cleaved by lactose-utilizing bacteria grown in liquid or solid media, yielding yellow coloration and green fluorescence. Aldol® 467 beta-D-galactopyranoside can also be used in beta-galactosidase gene reporter assays or immunoassay applications (ELISA). Aldol® 467 beta-D-galactopyranoside can be used under aerobic and anaerobic conditions.

Espresso-Gal (Espresso-beta-D-galactopyranoside) is a chromogenic indicator for beta-galactosidase activity. The colorless product is cleaved by lactose-utilizing bacteria in liquid media or on agar plates and yields an espresso brown colored precipitate. Espresso-Gal can also be used as detecting agent for beta-galactosidase activity in reporter gene assays or for identification of positive transformants on agar plates when using the α-complementation approach. Read more in the Application Notes.

5-Bromo-4-chloro-3-indoxyl-alpha-D-xylopyranoside is an enzyme substrate that can be used in the detection of β-galactosidase activity. This product has been shown to be a good ligand for various xanthine oxidoreductases, including xanthine dehydrogenase and uricase. 5BBIX is also a chromogenic substrate for horseradish peroxidase and can be used to detect hydrogen peroxide in the presence of osmium tetroxide or potassium permanganate. 5BBIX has been extensively tested for use in diagnostics, food, and environmental testing.

2-Nitrophenyl laurate is a fatty acid that is not able to be degraded and has a high affinity for magnetic particles. It can be used in the immobilization of bacteria, such as Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, which are resistant to many antibiotics. 2-Nitrophenyl laurate also inhibits the enzyme lipolytic enzymes, which are responsible for the degradation of phospholipids in the cell membrane. This inhibition may lead to an increase in bacterial susceptibility to antibiotics. 2-Nitrophenyl laurate is a synthetic substrate that can be used to study the regulation of lipolytic enzymes by regulatory proteins.

4-nitrophenyl 6-O-DMT-a-D-mannopyranoside is a fluorescent substrate for the enzyme beta-glucosidase. It reacts with an acyl group at the C2 position of the glycoside moiety, producing an aldehyde group at the C1 position and a hydroxymethylene group at the C4 position. This reaction is catalyzed by beta-glucosidase, which cleaves the glycosidic linkage in sucrose and other disaccharides. The product can be detected using luminescence methods, such as chemiluminescence or bioluminescence.
4-nitrophenyl 6-O-DMT-a-D-mannopyranoside is used to detect β glucosidase activity in bacteria. This substrate has been shown to be sensitive and specific for β glucosidase activity when combined with fluorescence detection technology

[2-Methoxy-4-(2-nitrovinyl)phenyl] beta-D-galactopyranoside is a chromogenic substrate (505 nm) for β-glucosidase.

2-Nitrophenyl 2,3-di-O-acetyl-4-O-triethylsilyl-b-D-xylopyranoside is a chromogenic substrate for enzmatic assays to measure xylosidase activity. It is a derivative of xylose that can be hydrolyzed by xylosidase to release the yellow-colored 2-nitrophenyl group, which can be detected spectrophotometrically. By modifying the xylose molecule with acetyl and triethylsilyl groups, the enzyme substrate becomes more stable and resistant to degradation. This substrate is commonly used in the study of plant biomass degradation and in the detection of xylosidase activity in microorganisms.

4-Nitrophenyl 4,6-O-benzylidene-b-D-glucopyranoside is a fluorescent compound that is used in diagnostics and research. The compound is an enzyme substrate, a ligand for metal ions, and a chromogenic substrate. It can be used to test cultures of bacteria in culture media, as well as for food testing and environmental testing. 4-Nitrophenyl 4,6-O-benzylidene-b-D-glucopyranoside has high purity and quality due to its high fluorescence intensity. This product has been shown to be highly stable in various conditions and may be used in conjugates with other compounds.

4-Nitrophenyl 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-β-D-glucopyranoside is a versatile chromogenic substrate designed for the detection and quantification of various glycosidase enzymes. This substrate is widely used in enzyme assays, producing a yellow color upon cleavage by target enzymes. The 4-Nitrophenol released in this reaction can be easily monitored spectrophotometrically, allowing for rapid and accurate enzyme analysis. This high-quality substrate provides a convenient and reliable tool for researchers in biochemistry, enzymology, and related fields.

4-Nitrophenyl 2-acetamido-3,4,6-tri-O-acetyl-2-deoxy-a-D-glucopyranoside is a synthetic compound with the ability to inhibit the enzyme glutamicum. It is a radionuclide that can be used as a focusing agent for gamma cameras and has been shown to be effective against corynebacterium glutamicum and other organisms. 4NP2AG was synthesized by reacting nitrophenol with acetamide in the presence of an acid catalyst and hydrogenating the product. The synthesis employs precession chemistry, which involves rotating a molecule around its axis at high speed to increase its concentration in one area. This treatment leads to a higher yield of desired product. 4NP2AG contains two acetamido groups on the glucopyranoside moiety, which are esterified with nitrophenol and acetic acid respectively. These moieties are

4-Nitrophenyl 6-O-benzoyl-3,4-O-isopropylidene-a-D-galactopyranoside (4NBP) is a fluorogenic substrate for β-galactosidase. It has been used as an enzyme substrate in the detection of β-galactosidase activity. 4NBP is also used to detect the presence of galactose in culture media and as a chromogenic substrate in diagnostics.

4-Nitrophenyl b-D-cellohexaoside is a substrate for many enzymes and can be used to detect the presence of these enzymes in biological samples. It can also be used to detect the presence of bacteria, fungi, parasites, and viruses. 4-Nitrophenyl b-D-cellohexaoside is an excellent substrate for enzyme reactions that produce a chromogenic or fluorogenic product. This product is often conjugated with other compounds such as antibodies or antigens to form an immunoassay. 4-Nitrophenyl b-D-cellohexaoside is made from a high purity chemical by a process called nitration with sodium nitrate and sulfuric acid.

Aldol® 455 is a substrate for the enzyme beta-galactosidase. It is used in food testing, staining, and environmental testing. Aldol® 455 has been shown to be a good substrate for fluorogenic and chromogenic substrates. It can be conjugated with an antibody or other ligand for use in immunoassays. Aldol® 455 is of high purity and high quality, making it suitable for use in diagnostics and as an enzyme substrate. This product can also be used as a culture media additive.

Aldol® 467 N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminide is a chromogenic and fluorogenic enzyme substrate used for detection of beta-N-acetyl-glucosaminidase activity. The colorless enzyme substrate is cleaved in the presence of beta-N-acetyl-glucosaminidase yielding development of a yellow product. In addition, green fluorescence is generated when a suitable matrix or Aldol® 355 fluorescence enhancer is present. Aldol® 467 N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminide amide can be used in enzymatic assays or in live bacterial cultures. Aldol® 467 N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminide is suitable for use in liquid and solid media, under aerobic as well as anaerobic conditions.