Apoptose

The test principle applied in this kit is Sandwich enzyme immunoassay. The microtiter plate provided in this kit has been pre-coated with an antibody specific to Human NFκB-p65. Standards or samples are added to the appropriate microtiter plate wells then with a biotin-conjugated antibody specific to Human NFκB-p65. Next, Avidin conjugated to Horseradish Peroxidase (HRP) is added to each microplate well and incubated. After TMB substrate solution is added, only those wells that contain Human NFκB-p65, biotin-conjugated antibody and enzyme-conjugated Avidin will exhibit a change in color. The enzyme-substrate reaction is terminated by the addition of sulphuric acid solution and the color change is measured spectrophotometrically at a wavelength of 450nm ± 10nm. The concentration of Human NFκB-p65 in the samples is then determined by comparing the OD of the samples to the standard curve.

The test principle applied in this kit is Sandwich enzyme immunoassay. The microtiter plate provided in this kit has been pre-coated with an antibody specific to Human sHLA-G. Standards or samples are added to the appropriate microtiter plate wells then with a biotin-conjugated antibody specific to Human sHLA-G. Next, Avidin conjugated to Horseradish Peroxidase (HRP) is added to each microplate well and incubated. After TMB substrate solution is added, only those wells that contain Human sHLA-G, biotin-conjugated antibody and enzyme-conjugated Avidin will exhibit a change in color. The enzyme-substrate reaction is terminated by the addition of sulphuric acid solution and the color change is measured spectrophotometrically at a wavelength of 450nm ± 10nm. The concentration of Human sHLA-G in the samples is then determined by comparing the OD of the samples to the standard curve.

The test principle applied in this kit is Sandwich enzyme immunoassay. The microtiter plate provided in this kit has been pre-coated with an antibody specific to Human GZMB. Standards or samples are added to the appropriate microtiter plate wells then with a biotin-conjugated antibody specific to Human GZMB. Next, Avidin conjugated to Horseradish Peroxidase (HRP) is added to each microplate well and incubated. After TMB substrate solution is added, only those wells that contain Human GZMB, biotin-conjugated antibody and enzyme-conjugated Avidin will exhibit a change in color. The enzyme-substrate reaction is terminated by the addition of sulphuric acid solution and the color change is measured spectrophotometrically at a wavelength of 450nm ± 10nm. The concentration of Human GZMB in the samples is then determined by comparing the OD of the samples to the standard curve.

The test principle applied in this kit is Sandwich enzyme immunoassay. The microtiter plate provided in this kit has been pre-coated with an antibody specific to Human BAG3. Standards or samples are added to the appropriate microtiter plate wells then with a biotin-conjugated antibody specific to Human BAG3. Next, Avidin conjugated to Horseradish Peroxidase (HRP) is added to each microplate well and incubated. After TMB substrate solution is added, only those wells that contain Human BAG3, biotin-conjugated antibody and enzyme-conjugated Avidin will exhibit a change in color. The enzyme-substrate reaction is terminated by the addition of sulphuric acid solution and the color change is measured spectrophotometrically at a wavelength of 450nm ± 10nm. The concentration of Human BAG3 in the samples is then determined by comparing the OD of the samples to the standard curve.

The test principle applied in this kit is Sandwich enzyme immunoassay. The microtiter plate provided in this kit has been pre-coated with an antibody specific to Human sC5b-9. Standards or samples are added to the appropriate microtiter plate wells then with a biotin-conjugated antibody specific to Human sC5b-9. Next, Avidin conjugated to Horseradish Peroxidase (HRP) is added to each microplate well and incubated. After TMB substrate solution is added, only those wells that contain Human sC5b-9, biotin-conjugated antibody and enzyme-conjugated Avidin will exhibit a change in color. The enzyme-substrate reaction is terminated by the addition of sulphuric acid solution and the color change is measured spectrophotometrically at a wavelength of 450nm ± 10nm. The concentration of Human sC5b-9 in the samples is then determined by comparing the OD of the samples to the standard curve.

The test principle applied in this kit is Sandwich enzyme immunoassay. The microtiter plate provided in this kit has been pre-coated with an antibody specific to Sheep IL1a. Standards or samples are added to the appropriate microtiter plate wells then with a biotin-conjugated antibody specific to Sheep IL1a. Next, Avidin conjugated to Horseradish Peroxidase (HRP) is added to each microplate well and incubated. After TMB substrate solution is added, only those wells that contain Sheep IL1a, biotin-conjugated antibody and enzyme-conjugated Avidin will exhibit a change in color. The enzyme-substrate reaction is terminated by the addition of sulphuric acid solution and the color change is measured spectrophotometrically at a wavelength of 450nm ± 10nm. The concentration of Sheep IL1a in the samples is then determined by comparing the OD of the samples to the standard curve.

The test principle applied in this kit is Sandwich enzyme immunoassay. The microtiter plate provided in this kit has been pre-coated with an antibody specific to Chicken DPP4. Standards or samples are added to the appropriate microtiter plate wells then with a biotin-conjugated antibody specific to Chicken DPP4. Next, Avidin conjugated to Horseradish Peroxidase (HRP) is added to each microplate well and incubated. After TMB substrate solution is added, only those wells that contain Chicken DPP4, biotin-conjugated antibody and enzyme-conjugated Avidin will exhibit a change in color. The enzyme-substrate reaction is terminated by the addition of sulphuric acid solution and the color change is measured spectrophotometrically at a wavelength of 450nm ± 10nm. The concentration of Chicken DPP4 in the samples is then determined by comparing the OD of the samples to the standard curve.

The test principle applied in this kit is Sandwich enzyme immunoassay. The microtiter plate provided in this kit has been pre-coated with an antibody specific to Horse RANKL. Standards or samples are added to the appropriate microtiter plate wells then with a biotin-conjugated antibody specific to Horse RANKL. Next, Avidin conjugated to Horseradish Peroxidase (HRP) is added to each microplate well and incubated. After TMB substrate solution is added, only those wells that contain Horse RANKL, biotin-conjugated antibody and enzyme-conjugated Avidin will exhibit a change in color. The enzyme-substrate reaction is terminated by the addition of sulphuric acid solution and the color change is measured spectrophotometrically at a wavelength of 450nm ± 10nm. The concentration of Horse RANKL in the samples is then determined by comparing the OD of the samples to the standard curve.

The test principle applied in this kit is Sandwich enzyme immunoassay. The microtiter plate provided in this kit has been pre-coated with an antibody specific to Human RANKL. Standards or samples are added to the appropriate microtiter plate wells then with a biotin-conjugated antibody specific to Human RANKL. Next, Avidin conjugated to Horseradish Peroxidase (HRP) is added to each microplate well and incubated. After TMB substrate solution is added, only those wells that contain Human RANKL, biotin-conjugated antibody and enzyme-conjugated Avidin will exhibit a change in color. The enzyme-substrate reaction is terminated by the addition of sulphuric acid solution and the color change is measured spectrophotometrically at a wavelength of 450nm ± 10nm. The concentration of Human RANKL in the samples is then determined by comparing the OD of the samples to the standard curve.

Lidocaine, an amide local anesthetic, reduces pain and inflammation by dampening ICAM-1, cytokines, and neutrophil influx.

BT-13 activates RET receptor without GFLs, fostering sensory neuron neurite growth in vitro.

Seratrodast (ABT-001), a TXA2 receptor blocker, treats asthma; first approved in Japan, 1997.

CDDO-dhTFEA, a synthetic oleanane triterpenoid, effectively activates Nrf2 while inhibiting the NF-κB pro-inflammatory transcription factor.

Linagliptin (BI 1356) is a potent, orally bioavailable dihydropurinedione-based inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4), with hypoglycemic activity.

The test principle applied in this kit is Sandwich enzyme immunoassay. The microtiter plate provided in this kit has been pre-coated with an antibody specific to Rat GZMB. Standards or samples are added to the appropriate microtiter plate wells then with a biotin-conjugated antibody specific to Rat GZMB. Next, Avidin conjugated to Horseradish Peroxidase (HRP) is added to each microplate well and incubated. After TMB substrate solution is added, only those wells that contain Rat GZMB, biotin-conjugated antibody and enzyme-conjugated Avidin will exhibit a change in color. The enzyme-substrate reaction is terminated by the addition of sulphuric acid solution and the color change is measured spectrophotometrically at a wavelength of 450nm ± 10nm. The concentration of Rat GZMB in the samples is then determined by comparing the OD of the samples to the standard curve.

The test principle applied in this kit is Sandwich enzyme immunoassay. The microtiter plate provided in this kit has been pre-coated with an antibody specific to Human PKCe. Standards or samples are added to the appropriate microtiter plate wells then with a biotin-conjugated antibody specific to Human PKCe. Next, Avidin conjugated to Horseradish Peroxidase (HRP) is added to each microplate well and incubated. After TMB substrate solution is added, only those wells that contain Human PKCe, biotin-conjugated antibody and enzyme-conjugated Avidin will exhibit a change in color. The enzyme-substrate reaction is terminated by the addition of sulphuric acid solution and the color change is measured spectrophotometrically at a wavelength of 450nm ± 10nm. The concentration of Human PKCe in the samples is then determined by comparing the OD of the samples to the standard curve.

The test principle applied in this kit is Sandwich enzyme immunoassay. The microtiter plate provided in this kit has been pre-coated with an antibody specific to Rat IL9. Standards or samples are added to the appropriate microtiter plate wells then with a biotin-conjugated antibody specific to Rat IL9. Next, Avidin conjugated to Horseradish Peroxidase (HRP) is added to each microplate well and incubated. After TMB substrate solution is added, only those wells that contain Rat IL9, biotin-conjugated antibody and enzyme-conjugated Avidin will exhibit a change in color. The enzyme-substrate reaction is terminated by the addition of sulphuric acid solution and the color change is measured spectrophotometrically at a wavelength of 450nm ± 10nm. The concentration of Rat IL9 in the samples is then determined by comparing the OD of the samples to the standard curve.

Triclabendazole (CGA89317) has been used in trials studying Parasitic Disease.

Methazolamide (CL 8490) is a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor that is used as a diuretic and in the treatment of glaucoma.

Triclosan (Irgasan) is an antibacterial and antifungal agent.

Tirabrutinib hydrochloride is a potent, highly selective, irreversible oral BTK inhibitor.Cost-effective and quality-assured.

Dihydroartemisinin (Artenimol) is an antimalarial drug. High-Quality, Low-Cost!

BETd-260, a PROTAC linked by a Cereblon ligand and a BET ligand, has an inhibitory effect on BRD4 protein in leukemic cell lines.

Citicoline sodium aids in making phosphatidylcholine and acetylcholine, protects the brain from trauma, and improves memory.

The test principle applied in this kit is Sandwich enzyme immunoassay. The microtiter plate provided in this kit has been pre-coated with an antibody specific to Human TIEG1. Standards or samples are added to the appropriate microtiter plate wells then with a biotin-conjugated antibody specific to Human TIEG1. Next, Avidin conjugated to Horseradish Peroxidase (HRP) is added to each microplate well and incubated. After TMB substrate solution is added, only those wells that contain Human TIEG1, biotin-conjugated antibody and enzyme-conjugated Avidin will exhibit a change in color. The enzyme-substrate reaction is terminated by the addition of sulphuric acid solution and the color change is measured spectrophotometrically at a wavelength of 450nm ± 10nm. The concentration of Human TIEG1 in the samples is then determined by comparing the OD of the samples to the standard curve.

Sodium metatungstate (Sodium polyoxotungstate) is a potent inhibitor of ecto-nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase (NTPDase)(Ki values of 2.58 μM, 3.26 μM

The test principle applied in this kit is Sandwich enzyme immunoassay. The microtiter plate provided in this kit has been pre-coated with an antibody specific to Mouse GDF15. Standards or samples are added to the appropriate microtiter plate wells then with a biotin-conjugated antibody specific to Mouse GDF15. Next, Avidin conjugated to Horseradish Peroxidase (HRP) is added to each microplate well and incubated. After TMB substrate solution is added, only those wells that contain Mouse GDF15, biotin-conjugated antibody and enzyme-conjugated Avidin will exhibit a change in color. The enzyme-substrate reaction is terminated by the addition of sulphuric acid solution and the color change is measured spectrophotometrically at a wavelength of 450nm ± 10nm. The concentration of Mouse GDF15 in the samples is then determined by comparing the OD of the samples to the standard curve.

Levonorgestrel (D-Norgestrel) is a Progestin and Progestin-containing Intrauterine Device.

Durvalumab is a humanized antibody for cancer, inhibiting PD-L1/PD-1 and CD80 interactions at very low concentrations.

LCH-7749944 suppresses human gastric cancer cell growth, induces apoptosis, and inhibits PAK4 with IC50 of 14.93 μM.

The test principle applied in this kit is Sandwich enzyme immunoassay. The microtiter plate provided in this kit has been pre-coated with an antibody specific to Rat GDF15. Standards or samples are added to the appropriate microtiter plate wells then with a biotin-conjugated antibody specific to Rat GDF15. Next, Avidin conjugated to Horseradish Peroxidase (HRP) is added to each microplate well and incubated. After TMB substrate solution is added, only those wells that contain Rat GDF15, biotin-conjugated antibody and enzyme-conjugated Avidin will exhibit a change in color. The enzyme-substrate reaction is terminated by the addition of sulphuric acid solution and the color change is measured spectrophotometrically at a wavelength of 450nm ± 10nm. The concentration of Rat GDF15 in the samples is then determined by comparing the OD of the samples to the standard curve.

Budigalimab (ABBV 181) is a humanized monoclonal antibody targeting PD-1 with potential antitumor activity.

PF-4878691 (3M-852A) is an effective and selective Toll-like receptor 7 agonists modelled. It is used to dissociate its antiviral and inflammatory activities.

Vitamin K4 (Menadiol Diacetate) is a vitamin medicine for the treatment of blood coagulation disorders that caused by the lack of VK4.

The test principle applied in this kit is Sandwich enzyme immunoassay. The microtiter plate provided in this kit has been pre-coated with an antibody specific to Human GDF15. Standards or samples are added to the appropriate microtiter plate wells then with a biotin-conjugated antibody specific to Human GDF15. Next, Avidin conjugated to Horseradish Peroxidase (HRP) is added to each microplate well and incubated. After TMB substrate solution is added, only those wells that contain Human GDF15, biotin-conjugated antibody and enzyme-conjugated Avidin will exhibit a change in color. The enzyme-substrate reaction is terminated by the addition of sulphuric acid solution and the color change is measured spectrophotometrically at a wavelength of 450nm ± 10nm. The concentration of Human GDF15 in the samples is then determined by comparing the OD of the samples to the standard curve.

Tadalafil (IC-351) is a carboline-based compound with vasodilatory activity.

Avermectin B1 is served as anthelmintic and insecticide.

Tetrahydroxyquinone (Tetroquinone) is a primitive anticataract drug, is also a highly redox active molecule that can take part in a redox cycle.

STL127705 inhibits Ku 70/80 protein & DNA-PKCS kinase, IC50s: 3.5 μM & 2.5 μM.

Letolizumab (BMS-986004) is a dimeric antibody that targets CD40L.

Catechin (Cianidanol) is a flavan-3-ol, a type of natural phenol and antioxidant.

ABT-510 acetate: a TSP peptide mimicking anti-angiogenic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer agent, inhibits tumor growth and angiogenesis in cancer and IBD.

UC-514321 directly targets STAT3/5 and represses TET1 expression.

BAY 2965501 is a potent and selective diacylglycerol kinase zeta (DGKζ) inhibitor that induces pERK activation.BAY 2965501 can be used in the study of cancer.

The test principle applied in this kit is Sandwich enzyme immunoassay. The microtiter plate provided in this kit has been pre-coated with an antibody specific to Rat DIDO1. Standards or samples are added to the appropriate microtiter plate wells then with a biotin-conjugated antibody specific to Rat DIDO1. Next, Avidin conjugated to Horseradish Peroxidase (HRP) is added to each microplate well and incubated. After TMB substrate solution is added, only those wells that contain Rat DIDO1, biotin-conjugated antibody and enzyme-conjugated Avidin will exhibit a change in color. The enzyme-substrate reaction is terminated by the addition of sulphuric acid solution and the color change is measured spectrophotometrically at a wavelength of 450nm ± 10nm. The concentration of Rat DIDO1 in the samples is then determined by comparing the OD of the samples to the standard curve.

Sotevtamab (AB-16B5) is a monoclonal antibody targeting clusterin, an inhibitor of epithelial-mesenchymal transition, with anticancer activity.

PI-273, a Substrate-Competitive, Specific Small-Molecule Inhibitor of PI4KIIα, Inhibits the Growth of Breast Cancer Cells

Theophylline monohydrate (Quibron) appears to inhibit phosphodiesterase and prostaglandin production, regulate calcium flux and intracellular calcium

The test principle applied in this kit is Sandwich enzyme immunoassay. The microtiter plate provided in this kit has been pre-coated with an antibody specific to Rat NFκB-p65. Standards or samples are added to the appropriate microtiter plate wells then with a biotin-conjugated antibody specific to Rat NFκB-p65. Next, Avidin conjugated to Horseradish Peroxidase (HRP) is added to each microplate well and incubated. After TMB substrate solution is added, only those wells that contain Rat NFκB-p65, biotin-conjugated antibody and enzyme-conjugated Avidin will exhibit a change in color. The enzyme-substrate reaction is terminated by the addition of sulphuric acid solution and the color change is measured spectrophotometrically at a wavelength of 450nm ± 10nm. The concentration of Rat NFκB-p65 in the samples is then determined by comparing the OD of the samples to the standard curve.

The test principle applied in this kit is Sandwich enzyme immunoassay. The microtiter plate provided in this kit has been pre-coated with an antibody specific to Rat IL1a. Standards or samples are added to the appropriate microtiter plate wells then with a biotin-conjugated antibody specific to Rat IL1a. Next, Avidin conjugated to Horseradish Peroxidase (HRP) is added to each microplate well and incubated. After TMB substrate solution is added, only those wells that contain Rat IL1a, biotin-conjugated antibody and enzyme-conjugated Avidin will exhibit a change in color. The enzyme-substrate reaction is terminated by the addition of sulphuric acid solution and the color change is measured spectrophotometrically at a wavelength of 450nm ± 10nm. The concentration of Rat IL1a in the samples is then determined by comparing the OD of the samples to the standard curve.

UCB-9260 inhibits TNF signaling by stabilizing an asymmetric form of the trimer.

The test principle applied in this kit is Sandwich enzyme immunoassay. The microtiter plate provided in this kit has been pre-coated with an antibody specific to Mouse PKCβ1. Standards or samples are added to the appropriate microtiter plate wells then with a biotin-conjugated antibody specific to Mouse PKCβ1. Next, Avidin conjugated to Horseradish Peroxidase (HRP) is added to each microplate well and incubated. After TMB substrate solution is added, only those wells that contain Mouse PKCβ1, biotin-conjugated antibody and enzyme-conjugated Avidin will exhibit a change in color. The enzyme-substrate reaction is terminated by the addition of sulphuric acid solution and the color change is measured spectrophotometrically at a wavelength of 450nm ± 10nm. The concentration of Mouse PKCβ1 in the samples is then determined by comparing the OD of the samples to the standard curve.

The test principle applied in this kit is Sandwich enzyme immunoassay. The microtiter plate provided in this kit has been pre-coated with an antibody specific to Simian TNFRSF8. Standards or samples are added to the appropriate microtiter plate wells then with a biotin-conjugated antibody specific to Simian TNFRSF8. Next, Avidin conjugated to Horseradish Peroxidase (HRP) is added to each microplate well and incubated. After TMB substrate solution is added, only those wells that contain Simian TNFRSF8, biotin-conjugated antibody and enzyme-conjugated Avidin will exhibit a change in color. The enzyme-substrate reaction is terminated by the addition of sulphuric acid solution and the color change is measured spectrophotometrically at a wavelength of 450nm ± 10nm. The concentration of Simian TNFRSF8 in the samples is then determined by comparing the OD of the samples to the standard curve.

Chlorzoxazone (Chlorzoxazon) is a Muscle Relaxant. The physiologic effect of chlorzoxazone is by means of Centrally-mediated Muscle Relaxation.

Luteolin (Luteolol) belongs to the flavonoid group of natural products and is a Nrf2 inhibitor, PDE inhibitor.

Deferoxamine Mesylate (DFOM) is an iron chelator and iron death inhibitor.

Simvastatin (MK 733) is an HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor (Ki=0.2 nM) with oral activity.

Oxaprozin (Oxaprozinum) is a Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drug.

L-Selenomethionine is a natural amino acid boosting cell growth and antioxidant enzyme levels.

17-ODYA (Alkynyl Stearic Acid) is an alkyl chain-based PROTAC linker that can be used in the synthesis of PROTACs.

Sophocarpine monohydrate, a major ingredient of Sophora alopecuroides, has a wide range of pharmacological effects.

Xanthone (Xanthenone) is currently used as ovicide for codling moth eggs and as a larvicide.

Tetrahydropalmatine (DL-Tetrahydropalmatine) is an active component isolated from corydalis, suppressing amygdaloid release of dopamine to inhibit an epileptic

The test principle applied in this kit is Sandwich enzyme immunoassay. The microtiter plate provided in this kit has been pre-coated with an antibody specific to Pig Bcl2. Standards or samples are added to the appropriate microtiter plate wells then with a biotin-conjugated antibody specific to Pig Bcl2. Next, Avidin conjugated to Horseradish Peroxidase (HRP) is added to each microplate well and incubated. After TMB substrate solution is added, only those wells that contain Pig Bcl2, biotin-conjugated antibody and enzyme-conjugated Avidin will exhibit a change in color. The enzyme-substrate reaction is terminated by the addition of sulphuric acid solution and the color change is measured spectrophotometrically at a wavelength of 450nm ± 10nm. The concentration of Pig Bcl2 in the samples is then determined by comparing the OD of the samples to the standard curve.

Lidocaine Hydrochloride hydrate is an amide local anesthetic, has anti-inflammatory property.

Tegaserod (SDZ-HTF-919), a 5-HT4 agonist for irritable bowel syndrome, was withdrawn by FDA on March 30, 2007, due to heart risk concerns.

Hexylresorcinol (4-Hexylresorcinol) is a substituted dihydroxybenzene used topically as an antiseptic for the treatment of minor skin infections.

The test principle applied in this kit is Sandwich enzyme immunoassay. The microtiter plate provided in this kit has been pre-coated with an antibody specific to Rat sRANKL. Standards or samples are added to the appropriate microtiter plate wells then with a biotin-conjugated antibody specific to Rat sRANKL. Next, Avidin conjugated to Horseradish Peroxidase (HRP) is added to each microplate well and incubated. After TMB substrate solution is added, only those wells that contain Rat sRANKL, biotin-conjugated antibody and enzyme-conjugated Avidin will exhibit a change in color. The enzyme-substrate reaction is terminated by the addition of sulphuric acid solution and the color change is measured spectrophotometrically at a wavelength of 450nm ± 10nm. The concentration of Rat sRANKL in the samples is then determined by comparing the OD of the samples to the standard curve.

Butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT FCC/NF) is an organic chemical composed of 4-methylphenol modified with tert-butyl groups at positions 2 and 6.

C16 Ceramide (Palmitoyl Ceramide) is a naturally occurring small molecule that activates p53 by directly and selectively binding to it.

Proadifen hydrochloride (RP-5171) is an inhibitor of drug metabolism and cytochrome P-450 enzyme system activity.

Terfenadine, metabolized to fexofenadine by CYP3A4, is a non-sedative antihistamine targeting H1 receptors.

Resveratrol (SRT 501) is a polyphenolic natural product, a plant antitoxin with antioxidant and chemopreventive activities.

Temozolomide (TMZ) is a DNA alkylating agent with blood-brain barrier permeability and oral activity.

The test principle applied in this kit is Sandwich enzyme immunoassay. The microtiter plate provided in this kit has been pre-coated with an antibody specific to Human BAG2. Standards or samples are added to the appropriate microtiter plate wells then with a biotin-conjugated antibody specific to Human BAG2. Next, Avidin conjugated to Horseradish Peroxidase (HRP) is added to each microplate well and incubated. After TMB substrate solution is added, only those wells that contain Human BAG2, biotin-conjugated antibody and enzyme-conjugated Avidin will exhibit a change in color. The enzyme-substrate reaction is terminated by the addition of sulphuric acid solution and the color change is measured spectrophotometrically at a wavelength of 450nm ± 10nm. The concentration of Human BAG2 in the samples is then determined by comparing the OD of the samples to the standard curve.

Benzydamine hydrochloride (AF864), a locally-acting nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, has local anaesthetic and analgesic properties.