Apoptose

Applications 20(R)-Ginsenoside Rg3 causes an inhibition of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt activation that, in turn, results in modulations in Bcl-2 family proteins in such a way that the apoptosis of U87 cells are regulated. Elicits a significant inhibition of in vitro cell adhesion and invasion of U87 cells. in vitro stereoselective inhibition of ginsenosides toward UDP-glucuronosyltransferase isoforms and in vivo inhibition of tumor angiogenesis of lung cancer.
References Liu, Y., et al.: Chengdu Yixueyuan Xuebao, 9, 4 (2014); Liu, Y., et al.: Linchuang Junyi Zazhi, 42, 1138 (2014), Kim, D., et al.: Toxicol. Lett., 259, 1 92016); Geng, L., et al.: Zhonghua Zhongyiyao Zazhi, 29, 601 (2014)

Applications Pyocyanin is an antibiotic accelerator of neutrophil apoptosis.

Applications (3α,5β,7α,12α,24E)-3,7,12-Trihydroxy-cholest-24-en-26-oic Acid is an intermediate in the synthesis of (25R)-3β,7α,12α-Trihydroxy-5-cholestenoic Acid (T795130), which is an oxysterol, an oxidized derivatives of cholesterol (C432501), which may be important in many biological processes, including cholesterol homeostasis, atherosclerosis, sphingolipid metabolism, platelet aggregation, apoptosis, and protein prenylation,[1] though their roles are poorly understood.
References Schroepfer, G., et al.: Physiol. Rev., 80, 361 (2000); Bjorkhem, I.: J. Clin. Invest., 6, 725(2002); Bjorkhem, I., et al.: Arterio. hromb. Vascul. Biol., 22, 734 (2002)

Stability Hygroscopic
Applications Delanzomib is an orally active proteasome inhibitor. Delanzomib has been shown to down-modulate NF-κB, induce apoptosis, inhibit angiogenesis and M-CSF-RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis.
References Piva, R. et al.: Blood, 111, 2765 (2008); Sanchez, E. et al.: Br. J. Haematol., 148, 569 (2010);

Applications Aurintricarboxylic Acid is a cell-permeable apoptosis inhibitor.

Applications Ceramide-1-phosphate blocks apoptosis through inhibition of acid sphingomyelinase in macrophages.

Applications Mollugin is an anti-tumor agent inducing apoptosis and autophagy in various cancer models.
References Zhang, L. et al.: Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm., 450, 247 (2014); Idhayadhulla, A. et al.: Bioorg. Chem., 52, 77 (2014);

Stability Hygroscopic
Applications MelittinTrifluoroacetic Acid Salt is the Trifluoroacetic Acid Salt version of Melittin which is an apoptosis inducer, a NF-κB inhibitor, and a PLA2 activator.
References Han, S., et al.: J Asian Nat Prod Res. 11, 796-804 (2009); Park, C., et al.: Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 394, 170-172 (2010); Park, J.H., et al.: Mol. Cells., 29, 209-215 (2010);

Applications Graveoline is an apoptosis and autophagy inducer in skin melanoma cancer cells.

Applications 4-Methyl-1H-imidazole-5-carboxylic Acid is used in preparation of Cyclohexyl Benzamide compounds for treatment of type II diabetes. Also, used in preparation of Triazolylphenyl substituted Amides as apoptosis signal-regulating kinase inhibitors.
References Hu, Z., et al.: PCT Int. Appl.,(2018); Corkey, B., et al.: U.S., (2015);

Applications tert-Butyl 4-Bromo-2-fluorobenzoate is an intermediate of enzalutamide (M199800). Enzalutamide is an androgen-receptor antagonist that blocks androgens from binding to the androgen receptor and prevents nuclear translocation and co-activator recruitment of the ligand-receptor complex. MDV 3100 has also been shown to induce tumor cell apoptosis, and has no agonist activity. MDV 3100 is a candidate for the treatment of castration-resistant prostate cancer.
References Scher, H.I. et al.: Lancet, 375, 1437 (2010); Bellmunt, J. et al.: Ther. Adv. Med. Oncol., 2, 189 (2010); Ryan, C.J. et al.: J. Clin. Oncol., 29, 3651 (2011);

Applications Apogossypolone is an anticancer agent that induces apoptosis in carcinoma cells. Antiproliferative.
References Zubair, H. et al.: Eur J. Pharm. Sci., 47, 280 (2012);

Applications Semi-synrhetic antitumor agent derived from Illudin S. Inhibits DNA synthesis and induces apoptosis in tumor cells. Antineoplastic.
References Woynarowski, J.M., et al.: Biochem. Pharmacol., 54, 1181 (1997), Alexandre, J., et al.: Clin. Cancer Res., 10, 3377 (2004), Senzer, N., et al.: Am. J. Clin. Oncol., 28, 36 (2005),

Applications Selonsertib is an apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1) inhibitor with potential anti-inflammatory, antineoplastic and anti-fibrotic activities. Selonsertib interacts with the catalytic kinase domain of ASK1 and prevents its phosphorylation and activation. As a result, the expression of genes involved in fibrosis, cellular proliferation, and apoptosis are down regulated.
References Nelson, C. H. et al.: Clin Pharmacol Ther. 98, 630 (2015); Lin, J. H., et al.: Nephron. 129, 29 (2015)

Applications (3S,4S)-(+)-1-Benzyl-3,4-pyrrolidinediol is used as a reagent in organic synthesis including that of pyrrolidine iminocyclitol α-glucosidase inhibitors and (-)-(1R,2R,7S,8aR)-1,2,7-Trihydroxyindolizidine ((-)-7S-OH-Lentiginosine) which has potential proapoptotic properties.
References Guerreiro, L., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem., 21, 1911 (2013); Cordero, F., et al.: ChemPlusChem, 77, 224 (2012);

Applications 2-(4-Chlorophenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-1-cyclohexene-1-carboxaldehyde is an intermediate in various reactions. For example, its an intermediate in preparation of N-​(phenylsulfonyl)​benzamides and N-​(3-​pyridylsulfonyl)​benzamides as apoptosis-​inducing agents for the treatment of cancer and immune diseases and autoimmune diseases.
References Bruncko, M., et al.: PCT Int. Appl. (2010), WO 2010138588 A2 20101202.