Apoptose

<p>D-Cl-amidine hydrochloride is a potent and highly selective inhibitor of PAD1. It exhibits excellent tolerance and does not induce significant toxicity [1].</p>

<p>Anticancer agent 53 exhibits potent in vitro cytotoxicity, triggers apoptosis, halts S/G2/M cycle, and has antitumor effects without toxicity.</p>

<p>Bcl-2-IN-3 (Compound 10) is an inhibitor of Bcl-2, utilized in cancer research.</p>

<p>BRD-K56819078, a Bcl-2 inhibitor, significantly reduces the burden of senescent cells and the mRNA expression of aging-related genes in the kidneys. It exerts its anti-aging effects by inhibiting cell apoptosis (apoptosis).</p>

<p>Ketorolac (RS37619) hydrochloride is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug and a non-selective COX inhibitor, exhibiting IC50 values of 20 nM for COX-1 and 120 nM for COX-2. This compound is utilized in a 0.5% ophthalmic solution format for the investigation of allergic conjunctivitis, cystoid macular edema, intraoperative miosis, and post-operative ocular inflammation pain. Additionally, Ketorolac hydrochloride serves as a DDX3 inhibitor, making it pertinent for research in cancer therapies.</p>

<p>Cetzole (Compound 1) acts as an inducer of ferroptosis (iron-dependent cell death) through the accumulation of ROS, leading to cell death. The compound exhibits varying half-maximal cytotoxic concentrations (CC50) against several cell lines: 2.56 μM in NCI-H522, 10.31 μM in NCI-H522 GFP-SCL7A11 #8, 2.71 μM in NCI-H522 RV-GFP, 3.07 μM in HT-1080, 14.9 μM in NARF2, and 6.28 μM in MDA-MB-231. This highlights Cetzole's potential for research in cancer therapeutics.</p>

<p>Nitrovin is an antimicrobial growth promoter that induces ROS-mediated non-apoptotic and quasi-apoptotic cell death by targeting TrxR1. It exhibits anticancer activity with IC50 values ranging from 1.31 to 6.60 μM for both tumor and normal cells.</p>

<p>Topoisomerase inhibitor4 (compound 45) acts as an effective inhibitor of Topoisomerase1/2, arresting the cell cycle at the G2/M phase and inducing Apoptosis. This compound exhibits potent antitumor activity.</p>

<p>SILA-123, an inhibitor of FLT3 (FLT3-WT: IC50=2.1 nM; FLT3-ITD: IC50=1.0 nM), induces cell apoptosis by hindering the cell cycle progression at the G0/G1 phase through the suppression of FLT3 phosphorylation and its downstream signaling pathways. This compound is utilized in the study of acute myeloid leukemia.</p>

<p>Topo II/HDAC-IN-2 (8d) demonstrates remarkable dual inhibitory effects on Topo II and HDAC, and also induces apoptosis [1].</p>

<p>DPP-21 is an inhibitor of microtubule protein polymerization (IC50: 2.4 μM). It exhibits antiproliferative activity against various cancer cell lines, with IC50 values of 0.38 nM (HCT116), 11.69 nM (B16), 5.37 nM (HeLa), 9.53 nM (MCF7), 8.94 nM (H23), and 9.37 nM (HepG2). DPP-21 induces cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase of mitosis and subsequently triggers apoptosis in tumor cells by decreasing Bcl-2 while increasing pro-apoptotic protein Bax levels.</p>

<p>BTK-IN-7 is a potent inhibitor for BTK with 4.0 nM IC50, highly selective over ITK and EGFR, showing strong antitumor activity.</p>

<p>p53-MDM2-IN-6, an LSM-83177 hydrazone analog, acts as an efficacious p53-MDM2 inhibitor with an IC50 of 11.08 µg/mL. This compound inhibits the p53-MDM2 interaction leading to an increase in p-53 levels while concurrently decreasing GST enzyme expression. It halts the cell cycle at the S phase and induces early and late apoptosis (Apoptosis), exhibiting antiproliferative activity against the HT29 cell line with an IC50 of 10.44 µg/mL. p53-MDM2-IN-6 holds promise for research in colorectal cancer.</p>

<p>PSP205 is an effective anticancer agent with cytotoxic properties. It induces apoptosis and triggers autophagy mediated by ER stress. Furthermore, PSP205 enhances the expression of LC3BII protein and increases the expression of CHOP and spliced XBP1 at both mRNA and protein levels.</p>

<p>Tubulin polymerization-IN-68 (compound 32) serves as a tubulin inhibitor, disrupting cellular microtubule networks by hindering tubulin polymerization. It also upregulates PARP-1 and caspase-3 expression, thereby inducing apoptosis and exhibiting anticancer properties. Notably, Tubulin polymerization-IN-68 effectively suppresses HepG2 cells with an IC50 of 93 nM and markedly reduces the growth of HepG2 xenograft tumors in nude mice through oral administration.</p>

<p>protease-activated receptor-1 (PAR1) antagonist</p>

<p>TNF-α-IN-2 is orally active TNFα inhibitor that distorts the TNFα trimer, causing abnormal signal transduction when it binds to TNFR1, rheumatoid arthritis.</p>

<p>MP-010 is an FKBP12 ligand that regulates cytosolic calcium by stabilizing RyR channel activity. It facilitates functional improvement in SOD1G93A mice with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), evidenced by enhanced motor coordination, increased integrity of neuromuscular junctions, and significantly higher spinal motor neuron survival rates. MP-010 is applicable for research in the field of neurological disorders.</p>

<p>PD-L1/HDAC-IN-1 (Compound 14) is an inhibitor of PD-L1 and HDAC, effectively blocking PD-1/PD-L1 interaction as well as HDAC2 and HDAC3 with IC50 values of 88.10, 27.98, and 14.47 nM, respectively. It exhibits mild cytotoxicity in MCF-7 cells (IC50=19.34 μM) and enhances the expression of PD-L1 and CXCL10, promoting antitumor immune responses by recruiting T cell infiltration into the tumor microenvironment (TME).</p>

<p>Autophagyinducer 7 (Compound SSA) serves as an inducer of autophagy (Autophagy) and apoptosis (Apoptosis). It stimulates autophagy by inhibiting Akt/mTOR signaling and the expression of downstream proteins. Additionally, Autophagyinducer 7 suppresses DNA synthesis and causes G0-G1 cell cycle arrest, ultimately inhibiting the growth of tumor cells.</p>

<p>Enpp-1-IN-25 (Compound 30) is an ENPP1 inhibitor with an IC50 of 8.05 nM and exhibits low oral bioavailability. By inhibiting cGAMP degradation, it effectively activates the intracellular STING pathway. Enpp-1-IN-25 can enhance immune cell infiltration and type I interferon response in the tumor microenvironment, thereby increasing the antitumor efficacy of anti-PD-L1 antibodies. It is applicable for research in cancer immunotherapy.</p>

<p>ZSH-512 is a potent inhibitor of RARγ with antiproliferative properties. It induces apoptosis and reduces the expression of CD133, NANOG, SOX2, and EPCAM proteins. ZSH-512 exhibits anticancer activity and shows potential for colorectal cancer research.</p>

<p>TBC-1 is a chlorophyll-a derivative that acts as a photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy (PDT). It efficiently generates type I ROS and targets the endoplasmic reticulum. TBC-1 demonstrates in vitro biocompatibility and PDT effectiveness under both normoxic and hypoxic conditions.</p>

<p>ER covalent antagonist-1 (Compound 39D) acts as an antagonist of the estrogen receptor α (ERα). This compound inhibits the proliferation of ERα-positive MCF-7 cells with an IC50 of 0.98 μM, induces cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase, and triggers apoptosis. Additionally, ER covalent antagonist-1 demonstrates antitumor activity in mouse models.</p>

<p>p53 Activator 14 (Compound 7A) is a derivative of Neratinib that can induce DNA damage and activate p53, thereby inhibiting the proliferation of various cancer cells, with an IC50 of 7.21 μM for HCT116 cells. This compound hinders adhesion, migration, and invasion of HCT116 cells, disrupts the cell cycle, and triggers apoptosis. In addition, p53 Activator 14 exhibits anti-tumor properties and inhibits angiogenesis in the chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) model.</p>

<p>FLT3-IN-13 inhibits topoisomerase II/FLT3 in leukemia with IC50 of 2.26 μM, causes G2/M arrest, and promotes apoptosis.</p>

<p>PD-1/PD-L1-IN-30: Cancer research inhibitor with 0.018 μM IC50.</p>

<p>Bcl-2-IN-7 inhibits Bcl-2, encourages apoptosis in cancer cells, and has anti-tumor activity with various IC50 values.</p>

<p>Verrucarin A, a mycotoxin from Myrothecium verrucaria, inhibits protein synthesis, leukemia growth, and triggers apoptosis.</p>

<p>Z-3578 is a small molecule antagonist targeting the MrgX2 (Mas-related G protein-coupled receptor X2) with notable anti-pseudoallergic properties, exhibiting a KD value of 729 nM. It effectively inhibits mast cell degranulation induced by substance P (SP) and C48/80, with IC50 values of 4.90 µM and 6.18 µM, respectively, suppresses the release of β-hexosaminidase, and significantly reduces the release of histamine and TNF-α, as well as intracellular calcium flux. Additionally, in a mouse pseudoallergy model, Z-3578 significantly alleviates foot swelling, dye leakage, and reduces serum histamine levels, indicating a strong in vivo anti-allergic effect. Z-3578 presents as a promising lead compound in the field of anti-allergic treatments, particularly for pseudoallergic reactions.</p>

<p>JR5-26B is an orally active apoptosis (apoptosis) inducer. It induces cell death via copper-mediated apoptosis and necroptosis (necroptosis). JR5-26B exhibits antiproliferative activity against MIA PaCa-2, PANC-1, PAN02, SU.86.86, and KPC-2 cells, with IC50 values of 0.6, 4.4, 8.0, 1.1, and 3.4 μM, respectively.</p>

<p>HDAC/PSMD14-IN-1 is a derivative of gambogic acid. It serves as an orally active dual inhibitor targeting PSMD14 and HDAC1, with IC50 values of 238.7 nM and 141.2 nM, respectively. The compound exhibits significant cytotoxicity against ESCC cell lines (IC50: 30-250 nM) and effectively reverses epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Additionally, HDAC/PSMD14-IN-1 can induce apoptosis. In KYSE30 cell xenograft models in mice, it displays antitumor activity. HDAC/PSMD14-IN-1 is useful for researching esophageal cancer treatment.</p>

<p>PD-1/PD-L1-IN-55 (compound D6) is a potent PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor with an IC50 of 4.8 nM. It enhances IFN-γ secretion and decreases the proportion of late apoptosis due to PD-L1.</p>

<p>TAS-117 HCl: potent oral Akt inhibitor (Akt1 IC50: 4.8nM, Akt2: 1.6nM, Akt3: 44nM), boosts anti-myeloma effects, induces cell death.</p>

<p>Topo I-IN-1 (14d) is a powerful Topo I inhibitor with antitumor effects and DNA intercalation, inducing apoptosis.</p>

<p>Anticancer agent 14: a potent breast cancer inhibitor; induces cell death, disrupts mito. membrane potential (IC50: 0.20-0.65 μM).</p>

<p>PI3Kα-IN-8 is a selective inhibitor of PI3Kα (IC50: 0.012 μM).</p>

Ran-IN-1 (Compound M36) is an orally active and selective inhibitor of Ran GTPase. It binds allosterically with high specificity to the switch II pocket of GDP-bound Ran (RanGDP), stabilizing its inactive state and reducing the formation of active Ran-GTP. Ran-IN-1 induces apoptosis in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) cells and inhibits DNA repair pathways such as homologous recombination (HR) and non-homologous end joining (NHEJ). This compound shows potential for research in epithelial ovarian cancer, particularly in high-grade serous carcinoma.

<p>Multi-kinase-IN-1, a powerful kinase inhibitor, exhibits antitumor properties by inducing cell apoptosis.</p>

<p>ASK1-IN-7 (Compound 4c) is an ASK1 inhibitor and a derivative of the ASK1 inhibitor scaffold 5-(5-Phenyl-furan-2-ylmethylene)-2-thioxo-thiazolidin-4-one. This compound is potentially applicable in research involving ASK1 signaling pathways, including studies on cellular stress response, inflammatory response, neurodegenerative diseases, and cardiovascular diseases.</p>

<p>EGFR-IN-134 (compound 3f) is a triazolo[3,4-a]quinoline derivative and functions as a potent EGFR inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.023 µM. It induces apoptosis and necrosis in cells, and causes cell cycle arrest in the G2/M and pre-G1 phases. EGFR-IN-134 modulates the expression of apoptosis-regulating proteins by downregulating anti-apoptotic protein Bcl2 and upregulating pro-apoptotic proteins p53, Bax, and caspases 3, 8, and 9, demonstrating significant antiproliferative and anticancer activities.</p>

<p>3′-Hydroxyflavanone is a cyclized flavonoid with anti-tumor properties that induces apoptosis in HeLa cells.</p>

<p>KDM1/CDK1-IN-1 inhibits KDM1 (IC50: 0.096 μM) &amp; CDK1 (IC50: 0.078 μM), blocks HOP-92 G2/M phase, induces apoptosis, toxic to cancer cells.</p>

<p>PAK4-IN-5 (Compound 12i) is a potent inhibitor of PAK4 (IC50: PAK4 at 7.68 nM, PAK1 at 1872.01 nM) that forms stable interactions with the PAK4 enzyme. This compound effectively inhibits the proliferation and migration potential of MDA-MB-231 cells by hindering the phosphorylation of PAK4 and LIMK1. Additionally, PAK4-IN-5 arrests the cell cycle in the G0/G1 phase, induces apoptosis, and prompts the production of reactive oxygen species. The LD50 in mice is greater than 500 mg/kg (oral).</p>

<p>YCW-E11 is an antiapoptotic Bcl-2 family proteins inhibitor.</p>

<p>MDK-3345 is a reversible covalent inhibitor for Mcl-1.</p>

<p>N-ω-chloroacetyl-L-ornithine (NCAO) serves as a powerful reversible competitive inhibitor of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), displaying cytotoxic and antiproliferative properties against various tumor cell lines, with EC50 values spanning from 1 to 50.6 µM. In vitro studies reveal that NCAO promotes Apoptosis and restricts tumor cell migration. Additionally, it demonstrates significant antitumor efficacy in a mouse model, targeting both solid and ascitic tumors using the myeloma (Ag8) cell line. NCAO holds promise in the development of antitumor agents.</p>

<p>EGFR/VEGFR2-IN-3 (compound 9) is an effective inhibitor of EGFR and VEGFR-2, demonstrating IC50 values of 0.129 µM for EGFR, 0.142 µM for VEGFR-2, and 3.428 µM for COX-2. This compound exhibits cytotoxic properties and induces cell apoptosis (apoptosis) as well as cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase.</p>

<p>HDAC6/HSP90-IN-2, a cancer research chemical, inhibits HDAC6 &amp; Hsp90 with IC50s of 105.7 &amp; 61 nM.</p>

<p>Antitumor agent-77 suppresses cancer cell growth, migration, induces apoptosis, and hinders EMT.</p>

<p>Compound 8a, a dual PARP10 &amp; PARP15 inhibitor, has IC50s: PARP10 at 0.14μM &amp; PARP15 at 0.40μM; it's cell-permeable &amp; anti-apoptotic.</p>

<p>BRD1991 is a chemical compound that specifically disrupts the interaction between Beclin 1 and Bcl-2, thereby inducing autophagy.</p>

<p>CP-31398 stabilizes the active conformation of p53 in cancer cells with either mutated or wild-type p53, enhancing its activity. Additionally, CP-31398 upregulates target genes of p53 such as p21WAF1/Cip1 and KILLER/DR5. This compound possesses tumor-suppressive properties.</p>

<p>Compound 14 is a peptidomimetic that significantly lowers TNFα, NO, CD40, and CD86, showcasing strong anti-inflammatory effects.</p>

<p>QTX125 TFA: Potent, selective HDAC6 inhibitor with antitumor effects.</p>

<p>GL0388, a Bax activator, induces apoptosis, hinders breast cancer growth, and has IC50 of 0.299-1.57 μM.</p>

<p>Aeroplysinin I is an antibacterial compound from the sponge. It has cytotoxic activity against colon cancer cells by promoting β-catenin degradation.</p>

<p>GLUT-1-IN-4 (Compound 13) is an inhibitor of the GLUT-1 glucose transporter that depends on the p53 protein. It suppresses the proliferation of various cancer cells at submicromolar IC50 levels. Additionally, GLUT-1-IN-4 can halt the cell cycle, induce oxidative stress, and promote apoptosis (cell death).</p>

<p>GPD-1116 is an orally active inhibitor of phosphodiesterase (PDE)4 and PDE1. The compound effectively reduces smoke-induced apoptosis in lung cells. Additionally, GPD-1116 has shown efficacy in various animal disease models, including emphysema, acute lung injury, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, and pulmonary arterial hypertension.</p>

<p>AZD0424: oral Src/Abl kinase inhibitor; potential anticancer; induces apoptosis, cell cycle arrest in lymphoma.</p>

<p>LSD1-IN-21: potent LSD1 inhibitor, crosses blood-brain barrier, IC50 of 0.956 μM; lowers TNF-α, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory.</p>

<p>EGFR/HER2-IN-6 is a dual inhibitor of EGFR, HER2, and DHFR with IC50s: 0.122, 0.078, and 0.585 μM, showing anticancer potential and selectivity.</p>

<p>MB710 is an amino-benzothiazole derivative that tightly binds to the Y220C pocket and stabilizes p53-Y220C in vitro.</p>

<p>MG-B-28, a BTLA-HVEM inhibitor, demonstrates an IC50 value of 906 nM. It promotes T cell activation dose-dependently by inhibiting the interaction between BTLA and HVEM.</p>

<p>NSC308848 is an effective apoptosis (cell death) inducer that operates in a Myc-dependent manner. It acts by inhibiting Myc transactivation and disrupting the DNA binding activity of Myc family proteins.</p>

<p>TFCP2L1-IN-1 is a TFCP2L1 transcription factor inhibitor that regulates cell proliferation and promotes antitumor effect of Sorafenib by STAT3/NANOG pathway.</p>

<p>HDAC-IN-81 (Compound 11g) is an HDAC inhibitor capable of effectively inhibiting HDAC1 with an IC50 value of 4.5 nM. Additionally, it exhibits anticancer activity by inhibiting cell proliferation and can induce cell apoptosis (apoptosis).</p>

<p>BRD-K20733377 is a Bcl-2 inhibitor that exhibits selective cytotoxicity toward senescent cells, specifically inhibiting the activity of etoposide-induced senescent IMR-90 cells with an IC50 of 10.7 μM. Additionally, BRD-K20733377 reduces the mRNA expression of aging-related genes p16, p21, and KI67 in aged mouse models.</p>

<p>BRD-K44839765 selectively targets Bcl-2, exhibiting an IC50 of 5.6 μM in IMR-90 cells. This compound is also orally active.</p>

<p>NF-κB-IN-4 (compound 17) is a potent inhibitor of NF-κB pathway which can cross blood brain barrier (BBB).</p>

<p>OICR12694 (JNJ-65234637) is an orally active inhibitor of B cell lymphoma 6 (BCL6) .</p>

<p>CDK-IN-9: A potent CDK inhibitor, gels to enhance CDK12/DDB1 binding, targets CDK2/E (IC50: 4 nM), induces apoptosis via dephosphorylation.</p>

<p>RET-IN-10: Potent RET inhibitor, may treat congenital megacolon and tumors (Patent WO2021135938A1, compound 18).</p>

<p>Anticancer agent 69 targets PC3 cells (IC50=26 nM), raises ROS, lowers EGFR, and induces apoptosis.</p>

NDs-IN-1 (Compound 3g) is a novel non-covalent multi-target inhibitor that inhibits the activities of key enzymes such as hBACE-1, hAChE, and hMAO-B, and is primarily used in the study of neurodegenerative diseases [1].

<p>PD-1/PD-L1-IN-15 is a potent inhibitor of PD-1/PD-L1 (IC50: 60.1 nM) and has shown investigational potential for tumor immunotherapy.</p>

<p>Bomedemstat (IMG-7289) hydrochloride, an oral LSD1 inhibitor, has anticancer properties, blocking cell growth and triggering apoptosis.</p>

<p>WEHI-9625 is a tricyclic sulfone small molecule apoptosis inhibitor (EC50: 69 nM).</p>

<p>Thalidomide-O-PEG4-amine TFA is a synthetic E3 ligase ligand-linker conjugate, composed of a cereblon ligand derived from Thalidomide and a single linker.</p>

<p>Tubulin/NRP1-IN-1 (compound TN-2) serves as a dual inhibitor targeting both Tubulin and NRP1, exhibiting IC50 values of 0.71 μM and 0.85 μM, respectively. This compound notably reduces the viability of prostate tumor cell lines and triggers apoptosis [1].</p>

<p>Thalidomide-NH-amido-PEG2-C2-NH2 hydrochloride is a synthetic E3 ligase ligand-linker conjugate, comprised of a cereblon ligand based on Thalidomide and a linker, utilized in the synthesis of PROTACs.</p>

<p>PD-1/PD-L1-IN-16 is a potent inhibitor of PD-1/PD-L1 (IC50: 53.2 nM) and has shown research potential for tumour immunotherapy.</p>

<p>RET-IN-7 exhibits strong inhibitory effects against RET kinase in vitro and shows significant efficacy in treating RET-driven tumor xenografts in mice through</p>

<p>MA242 free base is a dual MDM2/NFAT1 inhibitor that triggers apoptosis in pancreatic cancer cells.</p>

<p>tDHU, acid is a dihydropyrimidine cereblon ligand consisting of an E3 ligase ligand and a benzoic acid linker. It serves as an E3 ubiquitin ligase ligand-linker conjugate in the development of PROTACs.</p>

<p>RIPK1-IN-23 (compound 19) is an RIPK1 inhibitor with potent anti-necroptotic effects in HT-29 cells (EC50 = 1.7 nM). Additionally, RIPK1-IN-23 exhibits anti-inflammatory properties.</p>

<p>Thalidomide-NH-amido-PEG2-C2-NH2 is a synthetic E3 ligase ligand-linker conjugate comprising a Thalidomide-based cereblon ligand and a linker. It is utilized in the synthesis of PROTACs.</p>

<p>Rezatapopt (PC14586) is a p53 reactivator with antitumor activity for the study of locally advanced or metastatic solid tumors.</p>

<p>BMS-751324: p38α MAPK inhibitor with carbamyl-methyl, esters, phosphate from HPA. Reduces rat arthritis swelling and TNFα.</p>

<p>Pan-Trk-IN-3: potent Trk inhibitor (IC50: 2-26 nM), effective against drug-resistant mutants, induces apoptosis, anti-tumor effects.</p>

<p>RET-IN-11 selectively inhibits RET (IC50: 6.20 nM), promotes apoptosis, and hinders cell proliferation and migration.</p>

Antitumor Agent-184 (compound 12aa) triggers apoptosis in various cell lines, exhibiting IC50 values of 2.35 μM in B16-F10 cells, 7.32 μM in 4T1 cells, and 10.31 μM in CT26 cells.

<p>TopoisomeraseII Inhibitor 20 TFA is a potent inhibitor of topoisomerase II with an IC50 of 0.98 µM. It can induce cell apoptosis and exhibits broad-spectrum anticancer activity.</p>

<p>HDAC-IN-37 inhibits HDACs 1, 3, 8, &amp; 6, induces histone acetylation, halts G1 to S phase, and triggers early apoptosis.</p>

<p>D18: Dual agonist for TLR7/8, boosts PD-L1, aids tumor sensitivity to PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors, and is a cytotoxin for ADC HE-S2.</p>

<p>HBV/HDV-IN-2 (Compd 143) functions as an inhibitor for HBV, HDV, and PD-1/PD-L1, demonstrating an EC 50 of 35 nM in T cell activation.</p>

<p>Anticancer agent 64 (5m) induces apoptosis, has IC50 2.4μM in CCRF-CEM, activates caspases, cleaves PARP, affects mitochondria.</p>

<p>06:0 PE (PE(6:0/6:0)) is a water-soluble phospholipid characterized by its short acyl chains. It possesses notable antitumor activity and can inhibit tumor progression in the body. Additionally, it exhibits antiproliferative and pro-apoptotic properties, and serves as a precursor for phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine.</p>

<p>VDX-111, an analog of vitamin D, exhibits cytotoxicity in ovarian cancer cells by upregulating the RIPK1/RIPK3 pathway and inducing necroptosis. It also promotes the expression of cytokines and demonstrates antitumor activity in a mouse model [1].</p>

<p>Coumarin 9a: Selective inhibitor of hCA IX/XII (Ki 93.3/85.7 nM), blocks cancer cell growth, and induces apoptosis.</p>

<p>Tubulin polymerization-IN-61 (Compound 9a), a tubulin polymerization inhibitor, disrupts the microtubule skeleton, arrests the cell cycle at the G2/M phase, induces Apoptosis, and impedes cancer cell migration and colony formation. This compound demonstrates antitumor efficacy in vivo within the 4T1 xenograft model [1].</p>

[D-Leu-4]-OB3 suppresses the expression of genes associated with inflammation, proliferation, and metastasis, as well as the expression of PD-L1.

<p>STAT3-IN-12,STAT3 signaling inhibitor. Blocks IL-6-induced JAK/STAT3 activation. Induces apoptosis. Used in HCC and esophageal cancer research.</p>

<p>VEGFR-2-IN-18 is a potent VEGFR-2 inhibitor with a 60 nM IC50, promoting cell apoptosis and anticancer effects.</p>

<p>JH-XVII-10: potent, oral DYRK1A/B inhibitor (IC50: 3/5 nM), shows antitumor activity in HNSCC.</p>

<p>Elocalcitol is a calcitriol analog for inhibition of prostate cell growth.</p>

<p>4-Bromo A23187 is a halogenated analog of the calcium ionophore A-23187. 4-Bromo A23187 is a calcium modulator and induces apoptosis in different cells.</p>