Apoptose

<p>10-OAHSA is a newly discovered endogenous lipid categorized within the group of branched fatty acid esters of hydroxy fatty acids (FAHFAs). This specific FAHFA comprises oleic acid esterified to 10-hydroxy stearic acid. It stands out among its FAHFA counterparts for its potential bioactive properties, similar to other members of its family such as PAHSAs, which are notably prevalent in the adipose tissue of AG4OX mice exhibiting glucose tolerance due to overexpression of the Glut4 glucose transporter specifically in adipose tissue. Like other FAHFAs, 10-OAHSA may play significant roles in enhancing glucose tolerance, stimulating insulin secretion, and exerting anti-inflammatory effects, which suggests its importance in managing metabolic syndrome and inflammation.</p>

<p>Purinostat mesylate, a selective HDAC inhibitor (IC50: 0.81-11.5 nM), induces apoptosis and has potent anti-leukemic effects.</p>

<p>AM-8735 is an inhibitor of MDM2 ( IC50: 25 nM).</p>

<p>HDAC-IN-50, a potent FGFR/HDAC inhibitor (IC50: 0.18-13 nM), induces apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, and shows anti-tumor activity.</p>

<p>HDAC-IN-53 inhibits HDAC1-3 with IC50s: 47, 125, 450 nM. Inactive on class II HDACs; triggers apoptosis; reduces tumor growth in mice.</p>

<p>RET-IN-5 is a potent inhibitor of RET (IC50: 4.57 nM).</p>

<p>Colletofragarone A2 from Colletotrichum sp. blocks mutant p53 and HSP90, aiding cancer treatment.</p>

(S)-Verapamil hydrochloride is an inhibitor of leukotriene C4 (LTC4) and calcein transport by MRP1,and leads to the death of potentially resistant tumor cells.

<p>AR420626: selective FA3R agonist, guards against SALS, effects blocked by BHB, a FA3R antagonist.</p>

<p>D359-0396 is an orally active NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitor that mitigates pyroptosis and reduces IL-1β release in macrophages by inhibiting the oligomerization</p>

<p>TMX-2164: strong, irreversible BCL6 inhibitor, IC50=152 nM, long-lasting action, inhibits cell proliferation.</p>

<p>Compound A5b, also known as JMJD3/HDAC-IN-1, is a dual inhibitor that targets both JMJD3 (Jumonji domain-containing protein demethylase 3) and HADC1 (histone</p>

<p>GSK2245035: selective nasal TLR7 agonist, boosts Type-1 IFN (pEC50: 9.3 IFNα, 6.5 TFNα), curbs Th2 cytokines in blood cultures.</p>

<p>Nedometinib (NFX-179) is a MEK1 inhibitor with anticancer and antitumor activities, which can be used to study malignant tumors.</p>

<p>Famitinib malate (SHR1020) is a potent oral kinase inhibitor targeting c-kit, VEGFR-2, and PDGFRβ, with IC50s 2.3, 4.7, 6.6 nM, useful for cancer research.</p>

<p>(+)-Apogossypol is an antagonist of pan-BCL-2. (+)-Apogossypol binds to Mcl-1(Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL with EC50s of 2.6, 2.8 and 3.69 μM, respectively).</p>

<p>Falcarindiol: Activates PPARγ, boosts ABCA1, induces apoptosis/autophagy, has anti-inflammatory/anticancer effects.</p>

<p>RUNX-IN-1, also known as Compound Conjugate 1, covalently attaches to RUNX-binding sequences, thereby preventing RUNX proteins from associating with their</p>

<p>Met-F-AEA is a metabolically stable analogue of anandamine that exhibits antitumor activity by inhibiting cell growth through the activation of apoptosis [1].</p>

<p>HDAC-IN-46 inhibits HDAC1 &amp; HDAC6, affects p-p38, Bcl-xL &amp; cyclin D1, blocks G2 phase &amp; induces apoptosis in TNBC research.</p>

<p>CIL62 is a caspase-3/7-independent inducer of cell death. The mechanism of action of CIL62 is Necrostatin-1 dependent cell death [1].</p>

<p>MTP, a PKM2 inhibitor, promotes apoptosis in cancer cells via caspase-3 activation while also inducing autophagy and enhancing ROS generation.</p>

<p>Q-VD-OPh: broad-spectrum, non-toxic caspase inhibitor; cost-effective, specific for apoptotic inhibition.</p>

<p>S-Adenosyl-L-methionine (SAMe) 1,4-butanedisulfonate functions as an orally active methyl group donor and serves as a dietary supplement known for its</p>

<p>WEHI-345 analog is an Src inhibitor.</p>

<p>Prostaglandin A1, a dehydration derivative of Prostaglandin E1, demonstrates inhibitory effects on tumor growth, inflammation, virus replication, platelet aggregation, and excitotoxin-induced neuron apoptosis [1].</p>

<p>KRIBB3: novel anticancer microtubule inhibitor; halts MDA-MB-231 cell migration/invasion by targeting Hsp27 phosphorylation.</p>

<p>BIX selectively induces BiP/GRP78 and ER chaperone, preventing cell death in neurons and retinas.</p>

<p>Nalmefene (ORF 11676) is a μ-opioid antagonist and partial κ agonist used to study opioid overdose and alcohol dependence.</p>

<p>RET-IN-17 inhibits RET kinase; may help in IBS pain and RET-activated cancers.</p>

<p>SCH79797 dihydrochloride is a PAR1 antagonist with IC50 70 nM, Ki 35 nM, antiproliferative, and pro-apoptotic properties.</p>

<p>AT-9283 L-lactate is an inhibitor of aurora kinase.</p>

<p>RIP2 kinase inhibitor 2 is a receptor-interacting protein-2 kinase inhibitor.</p>

<p>Z-LLY-FMK (Calpain Inhibitor IV) serves as an inhibitor of calpain, a family of proteases implicated in the apoptosis of various cell systems.</p>

<p>CDKI-83, a potent CDK9 inhibitor, inhibits tumor growth with GI50 &lt;1μM and triggers apoptosis in A2780 cells, showing promise as an anti-cancer agent.</p>

<p>LSD1-IN-25: potent, selective oral LSD1 inhibitor; IC50=46 nM, Ki=30.3 nM; induces cancer cell apoptosis.</p>

<p>RET-IN-25 (compound 6b) is an anticancer RET kinase inhibitor that demonstrates efficacy against medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC), exhibiting half-maximal</p>

<p>MC2590 is a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor that inhibits HDAC1-3, -6, -8, and -10 activities, induces cell cycle arrest, and promotes apoptosis.</p>

<p>eIF4A3-IN-17, a silvestrol analogue, disrupts eIF4F assembly; EC50: 0.9-15 nM. Used in cancer pathogenesis research.</p>

<p>Antitumor agent-60 inhibits growth by targeting RAS-RAF, binding CRAF (Kd: 721.3 nM), boosting p53/ROS, causing apoptosis, and arresting G2/M phase.</p>

<p>Immuno modulator-1 (compound 22) effectively suppresses the secretion of TNFα and IL-2 in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (hPBMC) with IC50 values of 4</p>

<p>BQZ-485, a potent GDI2 inhibitor, interacts with Tyr245 to disrupt the native GDI2-Rab1A interaction.</p>

<p>K145 hydrochloride is a selective sphk2 inhibitor with substrate competitiveness and oral activity, with IC50 of 4.3 µM and Ki of 6.4 µM.</p>

<p>Cis-3,4',5-Trimethoxy-3'-hydroxystilbene, a stilbene derivative, induces apoptosis through the mitochondrial release of cytochrome c and suppresses tubulin polymerization. It is also noted for its application in leukemic research [1].</p>

<p>CPUY201112, a novel inhibitor of heat shock protein Hsp90, induces p53-mediated apoptosis in MCF-7 cells.</p>

<p>PF-07284892 (ARRY-558) is an orally active allosteric SHP2 inhibitor (IC50 = 21 nM) that reduces pERK expression and may be employed in solid tumour research.</p>

<p>Ginsenoside Rk1 is a component created by processing the ginseng plant at high temperatures.</p>

<p>HJC0152 (free base) is an orally active, potent STAT3 inhibitor that impedes cell cycle progression, induces apoptosis, and notably reduces MDA-MB-231 xenograft</p>

<p>BI-0252 is an inhibitor of MDM2-p53 (IC50:4 nM).</p>

<p>1-Stearoyl-2-Adrenoyl-sn-glycero-3-PC (PC(18:0/22:4)) acts as a cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor, promoting apoptosis and restricting the proliferation of various cancer cell lines [1].</p>