Nucléosides

3’-b-C-Methyluridine (3′-b-CMU) is an analog of uridine. It inhibits the activity of viral and bacterial nucleases by attacking the phosphate group. 3′-b-CMU inhibits syncytial formation in cell cultures, which may be due to its ability to inhibit RNA synthesis. This drug has a hydroxyl group that can react with free radicals and may have some inhibitory effect on deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate hydrolysis. 3′-b-CMU is not widely used clinically because it is not readily available, but it is being reinvestigated for use in corynebacterium infections.

2'-Deoxy-5-methylcytidine is a nucleoside analogue that inhibits the synthesis of DNA. It prevents methylation of guanine, which disrupts the binding of guanine nucleotide-binding proteins to the dna template and prevents polymerase chain reactions. 2'-Deoxy-5-methylcytidine has been shown to inhibit colon cancer cells in vitro, and may be a potential biomarker for bowel disease. This drug is also a methyltransferase inhibitor, which means it blocks the enzyme responsible for adding methyl groups to cytosine molecules.

3'-Azido-3'-deoxy-L-uridine is a nucleoside that is a modified form of uridine with an azide group. It has antiviral, anticancer, and novel properties. 3'-Azido-3'-deoxy-L-uridine is synthesized from the corresponding ribonucleosides and diphosphates in high purity and quality. This compound can be used as an antiviral agent in the treatment of AIDS and herpes. It also has anticancer activity, which may be due to its ability to inhibit DNA synthesis or to bind to DNA and induce oxidative stress. 3'-Azido-3'-deoxy-L-uridine is synthesized by the enzymatic conversion of uridines with a monophosphate group at the 3' position into nucleosides with an azide group at the 3' position.

5’(R)-C-Methyl-5-methyluridine is an nucleoside and a ribonucleoside. It has antiviral, anticancer, and DNA modifying properties. This product is used in research to make phosphoramidites, diphosphates, and deoxyribonucleosides. 5’(R)-C-Methyl-5-methyluridine is also used in the production of modified oligonucleotides as well as other novel DNA compounds.

2',5'-Dideoxyguanosine is a modified nucleoside analog of guanosine, one of the four natural nucleosides found in RNA and DNA. This synthetic molecule has hydroxyl groups removed from the 2' and 5' positions of the sugar component, which alters its ability to participate in nucleic acid synthesis.

A P2Y2 receptor agonist that has been studied in cystic fibrosis and retinal diseases such as retinal detachment. Denufosol was studied as an inhaled drug for cystic fibrosis, due to its ability to activate an alternative chloride channel and avoiding the defective CFTR chloride channel. This enhances hydration of the lung mucosa and improves mucociliary clearance.  The drug did not progress from phase III clinical trials. Denufosol resulted in subretinal fluid reabsorption in in vivo model of retinal detachment.