Étalons de l'industrie alimentaire

<p>Applications Protected Patulin.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications A mycotoxin produced by mold associated with corn. Fungal metabolite believed to cause leukoencephalomalacia in horses.Environmental contaminants; Food contaminants<br>References Monbaliu, S., et al.: J. Agric. Food Chem., 58, 10475 (2010), Klosowski, G., et al.: Biores. Technol., 101, 9723 (2010), Soerensen, L., et al.: Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 398, 1535 (2010),<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Alternariol Monomethyl Ether-d3 is labelled methyl este analog fo Alternariol. An alternaria mycotoxin and genotoxin, found in common edible crops. It inhibits the activity of various DNA-topoisomerases, increasing the rate of DNA strand breaks.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Asam, S., et al.: J. Agric. Food Chem., 57, 5152 (2009); Fehr, M., et al.: Mol. Nut. Food Res., 53, 441 (2009); Tiemann, U., et al.: Toxicol. Lett., 186, 139 (2009);<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications HT-2 Toxin is a trichothecene group mycotoxin. HT-2 Toxin is the 4-hydroxy analogue of T-2 Toxin (T002980) which has been shown to induce DNA damage and cell death on prolonged administration.Environmental contaminants; Food contaminants<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Weidner, M. et al.: J. Agric. Food Chem., 60, 5676 (2012); Choi, H. et al.: Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 240, 46 (2009); Amuzie, C. et al.: Toxicol. Sci., 113, 412 (2010);<br></p>

<p>Applications Epimer of Ochratoxin A (O148490), an toxic metabolites from Aspergillus orchraceus.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Belli, N., et al.: Int. J. Food Microb., 96, 19 ( 2004), Pardo, E., et al.: Food Microb., 23, 35 (2006),<br></p>

<p>Applications A mycotoxin produced by Fusarium, having immunosuppressive and carcinogenic properties.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Alvarez, C., et al.: Int. J. Food Microbiol., 135, 131 (2009), Steinmetz, W., et al.: Eur. J. Med. Chem., 44, 4485 (2009), Tanaka, H., et al.: J. Health Sci., 56, 188 (2010), Monbaliu, S., et al.: J. Agric. Food Chem., 58, 66 (2010),<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic, Toxic<br>Applications A mycotoxin produced by mold associated with corn. Inhibitor of sphingosine N-acyltransferase. Blocks the formation of ceramide from sphingosine.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Monbaliu, S., et al.: J. Agric. Food Chem., 58, 10475 (2010), Klosowski, G., et al.: Biores. Technol., 101, 9723 (2010), Soerensen, L., et al.: Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 398, 1535 (2010),<br></p>

<p>Applications Nivalenol is a mycotoxin found in wheat and maize which is produced by different Fusarium species that inhibit eukaryotic biosynthesis of protein.Environmental contaminants; Food contaminants<br>References Poppenberger, B., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 278, 47905 (2003); Sulyok, M., et al.: Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom., 20, 2649 (2006);<br></p>

<p>Stability Very Volatile<br>Applications Isotope labelled N-Nitrosodimethylamine is a highly toxic semi-volatile organic compound and a suspected human carcinogen. It induces liver tumors in rats after chronic exposure to low doses (1,2). Drinking water contaminant candidate list 3 (CCL 3) compound as per United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Environmental contaminants; Food contaminants.<br>Dangerous Goods Info This compound is forbidden to ship by air under IATA regulations.<br>References 1. Peto, R. et al.: Cancer Res.1991 Dec 1;51(23 Pt 2):6415-51.2. Lee, ES. et al.: J. Pharm. Pharmacol., 2003 Aug;55(8):1169-74<br></p>

<p>Applications Deoxynivalenol is a tricothecene mycotoxin and potent protein synthesis inhibitor. Deoxynivalenol exhibits cytotoxic activity in vivo via the ribotoxic stress response. Deoxynivalenol induces p38-mediated gene expression and apoptosis in leukocytes; activity results in systemic expression of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and other proinflammatory cytokines. Also induces migration of NF-κB into the nucleus.Environmental contaminants; Food contaminants<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Bae, et al.: Toxicol. Sci., 105, 59 (2008), Shi, et al.: Toxicol. Sci., 109, 247 (2009), Krishnaswamy, et al.: Free Radic. Biol. Med., 49 50 (2010),<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Patulin (PAT), a mycotoxin produced by certain species of Penicillium, Aspergillus, and Byssochlamys, is mainly found in ripe apple and apple products. Patulin-induced genotoxicity and modulation of glutathione in Hep G2 cells. Patulin is an antibiotic. Patulin-induced nephropathy and gastrointestinal tract malfunction have been demonstrated in several animal models. The oral LD50 value of patulin ranges between 29 and 55 mg/kg body weight in rodents and 170 mg/kg body weight in poultry. The World Health Organization considers patulin cytotoxic and established a safety level of patulin in apple juice at 50 μM. At 100-200 μM, patulin can directly increase intracellular oxidative stress in HEK293 and HL-60 cells. In 1944, this compound was tested in a clinical trial for potential antibiotic<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Scott, P., et al.: J. Agric. Food Chem., 20, 450 (1972), Aden, D., et al.: Nature, 282, 615 (1979), Surralles, J., et al.: Mutat. Res., 341, 169 (1995), Alves, I., et al.: Mutagenesis, 15, 229 (2000), Liu, B., et al.: Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 191, 255 (2003), Puel, O., Galtier, P., and Oswald, I.P. Biosynthesis and toxicological effects of patulin. Toxins 2(4) 613-631 (2010). Liu, B., Wu, T., Yu, F., et al. Induction of oxidative stress response by the mycotoxin patulin in mammalian cells. Toxicol Sci 95(2) 340-347 (2007). Chalmers, I., and Clarke, M. Commentary: The 1994 patulin trial: The first properly controlled multicentre trial conducted under the aegis of the British Medical Research Council. Int J Epidemiol 32 253-260 (2004).<br></p>

<p>Applications Diacetoxyscirpenolis is a trichothecene mycotoxin produced by various Fusarium strains. Diacetoxyscirpenol was found to occur in cereals conjugated to glucose and other sugars.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Rasmussen, P.H., et al.: Mycotoxin, Res., 28, 181 (2012); Scauflaire, J., et al.: Euro. J. Pathol., 133, 911 (2012); Brunhofer, G., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem., 20, 6669 (2012);<br></p>

<p>Applications Alternariol 9-Methyl Ether 3-Sulfate Ammonium Salt is a derivative of Alternariol 9-Methyl Ether (A575770) which is an alternaria mycotoxin and genotoxin, found in common edible crops. It inhibits the activity of various DNA-topoisomerases, increasing he rate of DNA strand breaks.<br>References Asam, S., et al.: J. Agric. Food Chem., 57, 5152 (2009); Fehr, M., et al.: Mol. Nut. Food Res., 53, 441 (2009); Tiemann, U., et al.: Toxicol. Lett., 186, 139 (2009); Hawas, U., et al.: Appl. Biochem. Micro., 51, 579 (2015);<br></p>

<p>Applications Moniliformin Sodium is a mycotoxin produced with fungi of the Fusarium genus that act as common pathogens to corn and other agricul<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Rabie, C. et al.: Appl. Environ. Microbiol., Duke, S.O. et al.: Toxins., 3, 1038 (2011);<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications An alternaria mycotoxin and genotoxin, found in common edible crops. It inhibits the activity of various DNA-topoisomerases, increasing the rate of DNA strand breaks.<br>References Asam, S., et al.: J. Agric. Food Chem., 57, 5152 (2009); Fehr, M., et al.: Mol. Nut. Food Res., 53, 441 (2009); Tiemann, U., et al.: Toxicol. Lett., 186, 139 (2009);<br></p>

<p>Applications Active antimalarial constituent of the tradional Chinese medicinal herb Artemisia annua L., Compositae, which has been known for almost 2000 years as Qinghao. Antimalarial.<br>References Klayman, D.L., et al.: Science, 228, 1049 (1985), Price, R.N., et al.: Expert Opin. Invest. Drugs, 9, 1815 (2000), Meshnick, S.R., et al.: Int. J., Parasitol., 32, 1655 (2002),<br></p>

<p>Applications Gliotoxin is a sulfur-containing mycotoxin produced by species of fungi and pathogens of humans. Gliotoxin exhibits inhibitory activities against histone H3K9 methyltransferase, a key enzyme in the regulation of transcriptional activity by writing epigenetic marks. Gliotoxin also exhibits immunosuppressive properties by causing apoptosis of cells of the immune system. In addition, various studies suggests Gliotoxin may also be a potential anti-inflammatory, antibiotic, antifungal and antiviral agent.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Takahashi, M., et al.: J. Antibiotics., 65, 263 (2012); Li., Y.G., et al.: Biochem. Biophy. Rsch. Commun., 422, 85 (2012); Zhang, H.C., et al.: Applied, Mech. Mater., 178, 783 (2012); Scharf, D.H., et al.: Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 93, 467 (2012);<br></p>

<p>Applications Ochratoxins are toxic metabolites from Aspergillus orchraceus.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Belli, N., et al.: Int. J. Food Microb., 96, 19 ( 2004), Pardo, E., et al.: Food Microb., 23, 35 (2006),<br></p>

<p>Applications Ochratoxins are toxic metabolites from Aspergillus orchraceus.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Belli, N., et al.: Int. J. Food Microb., 96, 19 ( 2004), Pardo, E., et al.: Food Microb., 23, 35 (2006),<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Antibiotic substance produced by a white spore aspergilus which has been placed under the species name Aspergillus niveus. Also produced in small quantities by Penicillium citrinum.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Ciegler, A., et al.: Appl. Microbiol., 26, 271 (1973), Creppy, E., et al.: Toxicol. Lett., 28, 29 (1985), DeGroene, E., et al.: Cancer Res., 56, 299 (1996),<br></p>