Antibiotici Naturali e Semisintetici

<p>Applications Estrogenic mycotoxin produced by Fusarium fungi commonly found in grains. One of a group of compounds known as resorcylic acid lactones.Environmental contaminants; Food contaminants<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Tanaka, T., et al.: J. Agric. Food Chem., 36, 979 (1988), Hamilton, S., et al.: Anticancer Res., 16, 3597 (1996), Hecht, S., et al.: Cancer Lett., 150, 49 (2000), Hussein, H., et al.: Toxicology, 167, 101 (2001), Lim, H., et al.: J. Immunol., 175, 4180 (2005),<br></p>

<p>Applications Deoxynivalenol is a tricothecene mycotoxin and potent protein synthesis inhibitor. Deoxynivalenol exhibits cytotoxic activity in vivo via the ribotoxic stress response. Deoxynivalenol induces p38-mediated gene expression and apoptosis in leukocytes; activity results in systemic expression of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and other proinflammatory cytokines. Also induces migration of NF-κB into the nucleus.Environmental contaminants; Food contaminants<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Bae, et al.: Toxicol. Sci., 105, 59 (2008), Shi, et al.: Toxicol. Sci., 109, 247 (2009), Krishnaswamy, et al.: Free Radic. Biol. Med., 49 50 (2010),<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic, Toxic<br>Applications A mycotoxin produced by mold associated with corn. Inhibitor of sphingosine N-acyltransferase. Blocks the formation of ceramide from sphingosine.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Monbaliu, S., et al.: J. Agric. Food Chem., 58, 10475 (2010), Klosowski, G., et al.: Biores. Technol., 101, 9723 (2010), Soerensen, L., et al.: Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 398, 1535 (2010),<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Fumonisin B3 is a mycotoxin present in corn. Fungal metabolite believed to cause leukoencephalomalacia in horses.<br>References Azcona-Olivera, J. et al.: J. Agric. Food Chem., 40, 531 (1992); Hopmans, E. et al.: J. Agric. Food Chem., 41, 1655 (1993); Monbaliu, S., et al.: J. Agric. Food Chem., 58, 10475 (2010), Klosowski, G., et al.: Biores. Technol., 101, 9723 (2010), Soerensen, L., et al.: Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 398, 1535 (2010),<br></p>

<p>Applications T-2 Toxin is a tricothecene mycotoxin produced by fungi of the genus Fusarium. T-2 Toxin induces DNA damage and cell death on prolonged administration.Environmental contaminants; Food contaminants<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Kim, C., et al.: Cancer Res., 57, 3115 (1997), Bottrel, R., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 1999, 43, 856 (1999), Murray, P., et al.: J. Immunol., 178, 2623 (2007), Choi, H., et al.: Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 240, 46 (2009), Amuzie, C., et al.: Toxicol. Sci., 113, 412 (2010),<br></p>

<p>Tacrolimus is a macrolide that is used as an immunosuppressive drug. It has been shown to bind to the FK-binding protein, which in turn inhibits calcineurin. This prevents the release of IL-2, TNF-α and other cytokines. The immunosuppressive effects of tacrolimus have been evaluated using analytical methods such as coefficients, affinity, and monitoring techniques such as immunoassays and agglutination. These techniques are used to evaluate the plasma concentration of tacrolimus. Tacrolimus also binds to proteins in the blood samples and can be detected by turbidimetric or electrochemiluminescence immunoassay reagents.</p>

<p>Applications A mycotoxin produced by the fungi Fusarium culmorum and Fusarium graminearum, inhibits protein synthesis.Environmental contaminants; Food contaminants<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Ashraf, A.; et al.: Int. J. Biol. Biotechnol., 4, 391 (2007), Burlakoti, R., et al.: App. Environ. Microbiol., 74, 6513 (2008), Steinmetz, W., et al.: Eur. J. Med. Chem., 44, 4485 (2009), Zhang, Y., et al.: Phytopathol., 99, 95 (2009),<br></p>

<p>Stability Appears to decompose in DMSO<br>Applications 3-Acetyldeoxynivalenol is a trichothecene mycotoxin that is produced in a plant-pathogenic fungus, Fusarium graminearum Schwabe.Environmental contaminants; Food contaminants<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Beyer, M., et al.: Int. J. Food. Microbiol., 119, 153 (2007); Schiefer, H.B., et al.: Can. J. Comp. Med., 49, 315 (1985); Mirocha, C.J., et al.: App. Enviro.Microbiol., 55, 1315 (1989);<br></p>

<p>Impurity Mupirocin EP Impurity D<br>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Mupirocin (M794000) impurity. (Mupirocin EP Impurity D) The rearrangement isomer of Mupirocin is prepared using an enzyme-catalyzed, selective deesterification.<br>References Sime, J.T., et al.: Tetrahedron Lett., 28, 5169 (1987),<br></p>