One of the most relevant brands among our more than 25 partners is TargetMol

<p>Chitin is primarily found in the exoskeletons of crustaceans such as shrimp and crabs, the shells of insects, the organs of mollusks (such as squid cartilage), and the cell walls of fungi. Chitinase (EC 3.2.1.14) catalyzes the hydrolysis of chitin and plays a role in defending against fungal infections, making it a major research focus in the study of antifungal disease resistance.</p>

<p>Plant chlorophyll is widely present in the tissues of green plants. Its content is closely related to photosynthesis and nutritional status, serving as an important indicator of plant growth conditions.</p>

<p>Chlorophyll is widely present in green plant tissues. Its content is closely related to photosynthesis and nutritional status, making it an important indicator of plant growth conditions.</p>

<p>Chloroplasts are the most important and ubiquitous plastids in plant cells, serving as organelles for photosynthesis. Chloroplasts utilize their chlorophyll to convert light energy into chemical energy, transforming CO₂ and water into sugars. They represent the world's lowest-cost, highest-yielding biological factories in terms of material production. The accurate and comprehensive isolation of chloroplasts with preserved normal activity has become a prerequisite for many research studies.</p>

<p>Chymotrypsin, also known as pancreatic chymotrypsin, is a proteolytic enzyme secreted by the pancreas that rapidly breaks down denatured proteins. Its function is similar to that of trypsin, but it offers advantages such as strong decomposing ability, low toxicity, and minimal adverse effects. Clinically, chymotrypsin is used for sputum liquefaction, effective for both purulent and non-purulent sputum, as well as for promoting wound healing after trauma or surgery, such as cataract extraction.</p>

<p>Chymotrypsin, also known as pancreatic chymotrypsin, is a proteolytic enzyme secreted by the pancreas that rapidly breaks down denatured proteins. Its function is similar to that of trypsin, but it offers advantages such as strong decomposing ability, low toxicity, and minimal adverse effects. Clinically, chymotrypsin is used for sputum liquefaction, effective for both purulent and non-purulent sputum, as well as for promoting wound healing after trauma or surgery, such as cataract extraction.</p>

<p>Chloroplasts are the most important and ubiquitous plastids in plant cells, serving as organelles for photosynthesis. Chloroplasts utilize their chlorophyll to convert light energy into chemical energy, transforming CO₂ and water into sugars. They represent the world's lowest-cost, highest-yielding biological factories in terms of material production. The accurate and comprehensive isolation of chloroplasts with preserved normal activity has become a prerequisite for many research studies.</p>

<p>Citric Acid (CA), also known as citrate, is an important organic acid commonly found in living organisms,it is an significant food flavoring substance. Additionally, CA is a product formed in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle when an acetyl group from acetyl-CoA is added to oxaloacetate.</p>

<p>Citric Acid (CA), also known as citrate, is an important organic acid commonly found in living organisms,it is an significant food flavoring substance. Additionally, CA is a product formed in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle when an acetyl group from acetyl-CoA is added to oxaloacetate.</p>

<p>Carnitine palmitoyltransferase (CPT-1) is a type of acyltransferase located in the inner mitochondrial membrane. It reversibly catalyzes the transfer of an acyl group from acyl-CoA to L-carnitine and plays a crucial role in transporting fatty acids across the inner mitochondrial membrane.</p>

<p>Carnitine palmitoyltransferase (CPT-1) is a type of acyltransferase located in the inner mitochondrial membrane. It reversibly catalyzes the transfer of an acyl group from acyl-CoA to L-carnitine and plays a crucial role in transporting fatty acids across the inner mitochondrial membrane.</p>

<p>Creatine Kinase (CK) (EC 2.7.3.2), also known as creatine phosphokinase, is primarily found in tissues such as the heart, muscles, and brain. It reversibly catalyzes the transphosphorylation reaction between creatine and ATP, it is an important kinase directly involved in cellular energy metabolism, muscle contraction, and ATP regeneration.</p>

<p>Creatine Kinase (CK) (EC 2.7.3.2), also known as creatine phosphokinase, is primarily found in tissues such as the heart, muscles, and brain. It reversibly catalyzes the transphosphorylation reaction between creatine and ATP, it is an important kinase directly involved in cellular energy metabolism, muscle contraction, and ATP regeneration.</p>

<p>Citrate Synthase (CS) (EC 2.3.3.1) is a mitochondrial enzyme found in all cells capable of oxidative metabolism. It catalyzes the synthesis of citrate from oxaloacetate in the Krebs tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. CS is involved in energy production, lipogenesis, and cholesterol synthesis, and its activity follows a circadian rhythm. The Citrate Synthase Activity Assay Kit is used to measure CS activity in various tissues, cell cultures (adherent or suspension), and purified mitochondria.</p>

<p>Citrate Synthase (CS) (EC 2.3.3.1) is a mitochondrial enzyme found in all cells capable of oxidative metabolism. It catalyzes the synthesis of citrate from oxaloacetate in the Krebs tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. CS is involved in energy production, lipogenesis, and cholesterol synthesis, and its activity follows a circadian rhythm. The Citrate Synthase Activity Assay Kit is used to measure CS activity in various tissues, cell cultures (adherent or suspension), and purified mitochondria.</p>

<p>Cysteinyl sulfoxide lyase (CSL), commonly known as alliinase, is widely found in Allium genus plants of the Liliaceae family (such as garlic and onions), Brassica genus plants of the Brassicaceae family (such as cabbage, cauliflower, and broccoli), and Acacia genus plants of the Fabaceae family. Lentinic acid is converted into lenthionine under the action of γ-glutamyl transpeptidase and cysteinyl sulfoxide lyase, producing pyruvate, acetaldehyde, formaldehyde, and NH₃. CSL is one of the key enzymes in endogenous formaldehyde production, and measuring its activity is of great significance for food safety research.</p>

<p>Cysteinyl sulfoxide lyase (CSL), commonly known as alliinase, is widely found in Allium genus plants of the Liliaceae family (such as garlic and onions), Brassica genus plants of the Brassicaceae family (such as cabbage, cauliflower, and broccoli), and Acacia genus plants of the Fabaceae family. Lentinic acid is converted into lenthionine under the action of γ-glutamyl transpeptidase and cysteinyl sulfoxide lyase, producing pyruvate, acetaldehyde, formaldehyde, and NH₃. CSL is one of the key enzymes in endogenous formaldehyde production, and measuring its activity is of great significance for food safety research.</p>

<p>Pectin is a major component of the primary cell wall and middle lamella, primarily consisting of protopectin, pectin methyl ester, and pectic acid. Pectin contains galacturonic acid, lactose, arabinose, glucuronic acid, making it the most abundant polysaccharide in the cell walls of many higher plants. Its unique physical and chemical properties influence the taste and quality of plant-based foods. Pectin molecules are cross-linked via Ca²⁺ bridges, ionic bonds, hydrogen bonds, glycosidic bonds, ester bonds, and phenyl ring couplings. Various extraction methods can yield different forms of pectin, such as water-soluble pectin (WSP), ion-bound pectin (ISP), and covalently bound pectin (CSP).</p>

<p>Pectin is a major component of the primary cell wall and middle lamella, primarily consisting of protopectin, pectin methyl ester, and pectic acid. Pectin contains galacturonic acid, lactose, arabinose, glucuronic acid, making it the most abundant polysaccharide in the cell walls of many higher plants. Its unique physical and chemical properties influence the taste and quality of plant-based foods. Pectin molecules are cross-linked via Ca²⁺ bridges, ionic bonds, hydrogen bonds, glycosidic bonds, ester bonds, and phenyl ring couplings. Various extraction methods can yield different forms of pectin, such as water-soluble pectin (WSP), ion-bound pectin (ISP), and covalently bound pectin (CSP).</p>

<p>Endo-β-1,4-glucanase (EC 3.2.1.4), present in bacteria, fungi, and animals, is a major component of the cellulase system. Classified under the former Cx category, it primarily acts on amorphous cellulose and water-soluble cellulose derivatives, randomly hydrolyzing glycosidic bonds to break them down into glucose, cellobiose, cellotriose, and other oligomers.</p>

<p>Endo-β-1,4-glucanase (EC 3.2.1.4), present in bacteria, fungi, and animals, is a major component of the cellulase system. Classified under the former Cx category, it primarily acts on amorphous cellulose and water-soluble cellulose derivatives, randomly hydrolyzing glycosidic bonds to break them down into glucose, cellobiose, cellotriose, and other oligomers.</p>

<p>Cytochrome P450 enzymes are a group of isoenzymes mainly found in the liver, playing a significant role in the metabolism of xenobiotics, particularly drugs and toxins. Cytochrome P450 and cytochrome b5 (CYB5) are two hemoproteins in the P450 enzyme system, and changes in their ratio are closely related to P450 metabolic activity.</p>

<p>Cytochrome P450 enzymes are a group of isoenzymes mainly found in the liver, playing a significant role in the metabolism of xenobiotics, particularly drugs and toxins. Cytochrome P450 and cytochrome b5 (CYB5) are two hemoproteins in the P450 enzyme system, and changes in their ratio are closely related to P450 metabolic activity.</p>

<p>Proteins contain three sulfur-containing amino acids: methionine, cystine, and cysteine (Cys). Among them, Cys is the only sulfur-containing amino acid with a sulfhydryl group. It is derived from methionine and can interconvert with cystine. Cys participates in the formation of disulfide bonds in proteins, often serving as a component of the active site, and provides sulfhydryl groups for other physiological and biochemical reactions. Additionally, Cys accumulates extensively on the skin and mucosal surfaces, maintaining the activity of important sulfhydryl enzymes in keratin production and replenishing sulfhydryl groups to support normal skin metabolism. It also regulates the production of basal melanin by pigment cells in the innermost layer of the epidermis, contributing to effects such as skin whitening, detoxification, and improvement of inflammatory and allergic skin conditions.</p>

<p>Proteins contain three sulfur-containing amino acids: methionine, cystine, and cysteine (Cys). Among them, Cys is the only sulfur-containing amino acid with a sulfhydryl group. It is derived from methionine and can interconvert with cystine. Cys participates in the formation of disulfide bonds in proteins, often serving as a component of the active site, and provides sulfhydryl groups for other physiological and biochemical reactions. Additionally, Cys accumulates extensively on the skin and mucosal surfaces, maintaining the activity of important sulfhydryl enzymes in keratin production and replenishing sulfhydryl groups to support normal skin metabolism. It also regulates the production of basal melanin by pigment cells in the innermost layer of the epidermis, contributing to effects such as skin whitening, detoxification, and improvement of inflammatory and allergic skin conditions.</p>

<p>Starch debranching enzyme (DBE) specifically cleaves the α-1,6 glycosidic bonds of amylopectin, producing linear glucose chains. It plays an important role in adjusting the chain length of amylopectin molecules.</p>

<p>Starch debranching enzyme (DBE) specifically cleaves the α-1,6 glycosidic bonds of amylopectin, producing linear glucose chains. It plays an important role in adjusting the chain length of amylopectin molecules.</p>

<p>Dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR) is present in the cytoplasm, mitochondria, and chloroplasts. DHAR catalyzes the reduction of dehydroascorbic acid (DHA) by glutathione (GSH) to produce ascorbic acid (AsA) and oxidized glutathione (GSSG), regulating the cellular AsA/DHA ratio. It is a key enzyme in the ascorbate-glutathione redox cycle. Enhancing DHAR activity in plants can increase AsA content in plant-based foods, thereby improving their nutritional quality.</p>

<p>Dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR) is present in the cytoplasm, mitochondria, and chloroplasts. DHAR catalyzes the reduction of dehydroascorbic acid (DHA) by glutathione (GSH) to produce ascorbic acid (AsA) and oxidized glutathione (GSSG), regulating the cellular AsA/DHA ratio. It is a key enzyme in the ascorbate-glutathione redox cycle. Enhancing DHAR activity in plants can increase AsA content in plant-based foods, thereby improving their nutritional quality.</p>

<p>Dehydroascorbic acid (DHA) is the oxidized form of ascorbic acid (Vitamin C, AsA). AsA serves as an important physiological indicator in plant cells. Changes in AsA content, redox status (AsA/DHA ratio), and the activity of enzymes related to its synthesis and metabolism are involved in plant responses to a range of environmental stresses. DHA is the reversible oxidized form of AsA. Within organisms, DHA and ascorbic acid together constitute a redox system, functioning as an electron acceptor.</p>

<p>Dehydroascorbic acid (DHA) is the oxidized form of ascorbic acid (Vitamin C, AsA). AsA serves as an important physiological indicator in plant cells. Changes in AsA content, redox status (AsA/DHA ratio), and the activity of enzymes related to its synthesis and metabolism are involved in plant responses to a range of environmental stresses. DHA is the reversible oxidized form of AsA. Within organisms, DHA and ascorbic acid together constitute a redox system, functioning as an electron acceptor.</p>

<p>Dehydrogenase (DH) is a type of enzyme that catalyzes redox reactions. It catalyzes the oxidation of substrates via the cytochrome system, releasing energy for use by the organism, which is one way organisms obtain energy.</p>

<p>Dehydrogenase (DH) is a type of enzyme that catalyzes redox reactions. It catalyzes the oxidation of substrates via the cytochrome system, releasing energy for use by the organism, which is one way organisms obtain energy.</p>

<p>Diamine Oxidase (DAO; EC 1.4.3.6) is widely present in animals (intestinal mucosa, lungs, liver, kidneys, etc.), plants, and microorganisms. It catalyzes the oxidation of polyamines into aldehydes. Its activity is closely related to nucleic acid and protein synthesis. DAO can reflect the integrity and extent of damage to the intestinal mechanical barrier.</p>

<p>Diamine oxidase (DAO; EC 1.4.3.6) is widely found in animals (intestinal mucosa, lungs, liver, kidneys, etc.), plants, and microorganisms. It catalyzes the oxidation of polyamines into aldehydes. Its activity is closely related to nucleic acid and protein synthesis and can reflect the integrity and extent of damage to the intestinal mechanical barrier.</p>

<p>Cytochrome P450 enzymes are a group of enzymes primarily located in the liver. They play a crucial role in the metabolism of xenobiotics, particularly drugs and toxins. Erythromycin N-demethylase (ERND) corresponds to the CYP2B subtype within the P450 enzyme system and is closely associated with the demethylation involved in drug metabolism. CYP2B can detoxify by catalyzing substrates into inactive metabolites that are easily excreted, but it can also metabolically activate certain drugs.</p>

<p>Cytochrome P450 enzymes are a group of enzymes primarily located in the liver. They play a crucial role in the metabolism of xenobiotics, particularly drugs and toxins. Erythromycin N-demethylase (ERND) corresponds to the CYP2B subtype within the P450 enzyme system and is closely associated with the demethylation involved in drug metabolism. CYP2B can detoxify by catalyzing substrates into inactive metabolites that are easily excreted, but it can also metabolically activate certain drugs.</p>

<p>Alcoholic beverages are collectively referred to as "jiu" in Chinese, containing alcohol (ethanol). Ethanol is the main component of alcoholic beverages and is one of the important indicators for measuring their quality. China is the country that first invented brewing in the world and is also a major consumer of alcoholic products, with consumption leading the world. Therefore, the rapid and accurate determination of ethanol content in alcoholic beverages is of great significance for ensuring their quality and protecting consumer health.</p>

<p>Alcoholic beverages are collectively referred to as "jiu" in Chinese, containing alcohol (ethanol). Ethanol is the main component of alcoholic beverages and is one of the important indicators for measuring their quality. China is the country that first invented brewing in the world and is also a major consumer of alcoholic products, with consumption leading the world. Therefore, the rapid and accurate determination of ethanol content in alcoholic beverages is of great significance for ensuring their quality and protecting consumer health.</p>

<p>Fatty Acid Synthase (FAS) is a key enzyme in fatty acid synthesis, catalyzing the formation of long-chain fatty acids from acetyl-CoA and malonyl-CoA. FAS is commonly expressed in various tissue cells and is abundantly expressed in mammalian liver, kidney, brain, lung, mammary gland, and adipose tissue.</p>

<p>Fatty Acid Synthase (FAS) is a key enzyme in fatty acid synthesis that catalyzes the formation of long-chain fatty acids from acetyl-CoA and malonyl-CoA. FAS is widely expressed in various tissue cells and shows abundant expression in mammalian liver, kidney, brain, lung, mammary gland, and adipose tissue.</p>

<p>Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (FBP), also known as fructose-1,6-diphosphatase, catalyzes the hydrolysis of fructose-1,6-bisphosphate and water to produce fructose-6-phosphate and inorganic phosphate. It plays a critical role in gluconeogenesis and the synthesis of sucrose from photosynthetic assimilates.</p>

<p>Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (FBP), also known as fructose-1,6-diphosphatase, catalyzes the hydrolysis of fructose-1,6-bisphosphate and water to produce fructose-6-phosphate and inorganic phosphate. It plays a critical role in gluconeogenesis and the synthesis of sucrose from photosynthetic assimilates.</p>

<p>Ferric-chelate reductase (FCR) catalyzes the reduction of Fe³⁺ to Fe²⁺ in ferric chelates, playing a significant role in iron absorption in certain species.</p>

<p>Ferric-chelate reductase (FCR) catalyzes the reduction of Fe³⁺ to Fe²⁺ in ferric chelates, playing a significant role in iron absorption in certain species.</p>

<p>The hydrolysis reaction of Soil-Fluorescein Diacetate (S-FDA) effectively reflects changes in microbial activity and soil quality, as well as the transformation of organic matter in ecosystems. It is one of the important biological indicators in soil quality research.</p>