ELK Promotion

<p>The DYKDDDDK peptide (Flag-tag) is a small component of an epitope which does not appear to interfere with the bioactivity or the biodistribution of the recombinant protein. It has been used extensively as a general epitope tag in expression vectors. It can be used for affinity chromatography, then used to separate recombinant, overexpressed protein from wild-type protein expressed by the host organism. It can also be used in the isolation of protein complexes with multiple subunits.A Flag-tag can be used in many different assays that require recognition by an antibody. If there is no antibody against the studied protein, adding a Flag-tag to this protein allows one to follow the protein with an antibody against the Flag sequence.</p>

<p>Human influenza hemagglutinin (HA) is a surface glycoprotein required for the infectivity of the human virus. The HA tag is derived from the HA-molecule corresponding to amino acids 98-106 has been extensively used as a general epitope tag in expression vectors. Many recombinant proteins have been engineered to express the HA tag, which does not appear to interfere with the bioactivity or the biodistribution of the recombinant protein.HA tag antibody is a highly sensitive and affinity monoclonal antibody applicable to HA-tagged fusion protein detection.</p>

<p>c-Myc-tag antibody is part of the Tag series of antibodies, the best quality in the research. Myc protein is a transcription factor that activates expression of a great number of genes through binding on consensus sequences (Enhancer Box sequences (E-boxes)) and recruiting histone acetyltransferases (HATs). A recent study demonstrated that temporary inhibition of Myc selectively kills mouse lung cancer cells, making it a potential cancer drug target.</p>

<p>A polyhistidine-tag is an amino acid motif in proteins that consists of at least five histidine (His) residues, often at the N- or C-terminus of the protein. Monoclonal antibodies specific to six histidine tags can greatly improve the effectiveness of several different kinds of immunoassays, helping researchers identify, detect, and purify polyhistidine fusion proteins in bacteria, insect cells, and mammalian cells.</p>

<p>The glutathione S-transferase (GST, previously known as ligandins) family of enzymes are composed of many cytosolic, mitochondrial, and microsomal proteins. GSTs are present in eukaryotes and in prokaryotes, where they catalyze a variety of reactions and accept endogenous and xenobiotic substrates.GST tag antibody can be helpful in detecting the fusion protein during purification as well as the cleavage of GST from the protein of interest. GST tag antibody has wide applications that could include your research on GST proteins or GST fusion recombinant proteins.</p>

<p>The green fluorescent protein (GFP) is a protein composed of 238 amino acid residues (26.9kDa) that exhibits bright green fluorescence when exposed to light in the blue to ultraviolet range. In cell and molecular biology, the GFP gene is frequently used as a reporter of expression.</p>

<p>mCherry is a fluorophore (a fluorescent molecule) used in biotechnology as a tracer to follow the flow of fluids, as a marker when tagged to molecules and cells components. mCherry is a monomeric fluorescent construct with peak absorption/emission at 587 nm and 610 nm, respectively. It is resistant to photobleaching and is stable. mCherry is sometimes preferred to other fluorophores due to its colour, as well as its photostability compared to other monomeric fluorophores.</p>

<p>The red fluorescent protein cloned from Discosoma coral (DsRed or drFP583)  holds great promise for biotechnology and cell biology as a spectrally distinct companionor substitute for the green fluorescent protein(GFP) from the Aequorea jellyfish.</p>

<p>Maltose binding protein (MBP) is a useful affinity tag that can increase the expression level and solubility of the MBP tagged protein. It promotes proper folding of the fusion protein, and it can be also used to prevent an insoluble form (inclusion bodies). MBP is used to increase the solubility of recombinant proteins expressed in E. coli. In these systems, the protein of interest is often expressed as a MBP-fusion protein, preventing aggregation of the protein of interest.</p>

<p>The red fluorescent protein cloned from Discosoma coral (DsRed or drFP583) holds great promise for biotechnology and cell biology as a spectrally distinct companionor substitute for the green fluorescent protein(GFP) from the Aequorea jellyfish.</p>

<p>The green fluorescent protein (GFP) is a protein composed of 238 amino acid residues (26.9kDa) that exhibits bright green fluorescence when exposed to light in the blue to ultraviolet range. In cell and molecular biology, the GFP gene is frequently used as a reporter of expression.</p>

<p>mCherry is a fluorophore (a fluorescent molecule) used in biotechnology as a tracer to follow the flow of fluids, as a marker when tagged to molecules and cells components. mCherry is a monomeric fluorescent construct with peak absorption/emission at 587 nm and 610 nm, respectively. It is resistant to photobleaching and is stable. mCherry is sometimes preferred to other fluorophores due to its colour, as well as its photostability compared to other monomeric fluorophores.</p>

<p>Yellow Fluorescent Protein (YFP) is a genetic mutant of green fluorescent protein (GFP) originally derived from the jellyfish Aequorea victoria. Its excitation peak is 514 nm and its emission peak is 527 nm. YFP is a useful tool in cell and molecular biology thanks to its properties useful for fluorescence microscopy.</p>

<p>β-Actin is one of six different actin isoforms that have been identified. The actin molecules found in cells of various species and tissues tend to be very similar in their immunological and physical properties. Therefore, Antibodies against β-Actin are useful as loading controls for Western Blotting. However it should be noted that levels of β-Actin may not be stable in certain cells. For example, expression of β-Actin in adipose tissue is very low and therefore β-Actin should not be used as loading control for these tissues.</p>

<p>Glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) is well known as one of the key enzymes involved in glycolysis. GAPDH is constitutively expressed in almost all tissues at high levels, therefore antibodies against GAPDH are useful as loading controls for Western Blotting. Some physiological factors, such as hypoxia and diabetes, increase GAPDH expression in certain cell types.</p>

<p>Actin is a highly conserved protein and an essential component of cell cytoskeleton and plays an important role in cytoplasmic streaming, cell shape determination, cell division, organelle movement and extension growth. Preferentially expressed in young and expanding tissues, floral organ primordia, developing seeds and emerging inflorescence. Antibodies against plant Actin are useful as loading controls for Western Blotting</p>

<p>Tubulin is one of several members of a small family of globular proteins. The most common members of the tubulin family are α-tubulin and β-tubulin, the proteins that make up microtubules. Each has a molecular weight of approximately 55 kiloDaltons. Microtubules are assembled from dimers of α- and β-tubulin.</p>

<p>Cyan Fluorescent Protein (CFP) is a genetic mutant of green fluorescent protein (GFP) originally derived from the jellyfish Aequorea victoria.</p>

<p>The soluble glutathione transferases (GSTs) are encoded by a large and diverse gene family in plants. GSTs are predominantly expressed in the cytosol, where their GSH-dependent catalytic functions include the conjugation and resulting detoxification of herbicides, the reduction of organic hydroperoxides formed during oxidative stress and the isomerization of maleylacetoacetate to fumarylacetoacetate, a key step in the catabolism of tyrosine. GSTs also have non-catalytic roles, binding flavonoid natural products in the cytosol prior to their deposition in the vacuole.</p>

<p>Methyl-CpG-binding protein 2(MeCP2), whose exact function is unclear. It appears to help regulate gene activity (expression) by modifying chromatin, the complex of DNA and protein that packages DNA into chromosomes. The MeCP2 protein usually regulates genes involved in brain function, even though this protein is found throughout the body.Within the brain, the MeCP2 protein is important for the function of nerve cells (neurons) and is present in high levels in mature neurons. This protein likely plays a role in maintaining connections (synapses) between neurons, where cell-to-cell communication occurs. Many of the genes that are known to be regulated by the MeCP2 protein play a role in normal brain function, particularly the maintenance of synapses.</p>

<p>EFHD1 is an EF-hand domain-containing protein that displays increased expression during neuronal differentiation.</p>

<p>Fumarase (FH) is an enzyme that catalyzes the reversible hydration/dehydration of fumarate to malate in the mitochondria. Fumarase deficiency is caused by a mutation in the fumarase gene in humans. Fumarase deficiency is one of the few known deficiencies of the Krebs cycle or tricarboxylic acid cycle, the main enzymatic pathway of cellular aerobic respiration.</p>

<p>Cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1), also known as prostaglandin G/H synthase 1, prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 1 or prostaglandin H2 synthase 1, is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PTGS1 gene. There are two isozymes of COX encoded by distinct gene products: a constitutive COX-1 (this enzyme) and an inducible COX-2, which differ in their regulation of expression and tissue distribution. The expression of these two transcripts is differentially regulated by relevant cytokines and growth factors. A splice variant of COX-1 termed COX-3 was identified in the CNS of dogs, but does not result in a functional protein in humans. Two smaller COX-1-derived proteins (the partial COX-1 proteins PCOX-1A and PCOX-1B) have also been discovered, but their precise roles are yet to be describedGalectin 3 is one of the more extensively studied members of this family and is a 30 kDa protein. Due to a C-terminal carbohydrate binding site, Galectin 3 is capable of binding IgE and mammalian cell surfaces only when homodimerized or homooligomerized. Galectin 3 is normally distributed in epithelia of many organs, in various inflammatory cells, including macrophages, as well as dendritic cells and Kupffer cells. The expression of this lectin is up-regulated during inflammation, cell proliferation, cell differentiation and through trans-activation by viral proteins.</p>

<p>Prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2, also known as cyclooxygenase-2 or simply COX-2, is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PTGS2 gene. There are two isozymes of COX encoded by distinct gene products: a constitutive COX-1 (this enzyme) and an inducible COX-2, which differ in their regulation of expression and tissue distribution. The expression of these two transcripts is differentially regulated by relevant cytokines and growth factors. A splice variant of COX-1 termed COX-3 was identified in the CNS of dogs, but does not result in a functional protein in humans. Two smaller COX-1-derived proteins (the partial COX-1 proteins PCOX-1A and PCOX-1B) have also been discovered, but their precise roles are yet to be described.</p>

<p>Alliinase is responsible for catalyzing chemical reactions that produce the volatile chemicals that give these foods their flavors, odors, and tear-inducing properties. Alliinases are part of the plant's defense against herbivores. Alliinase is normally sequestered within a plant cell, but, when the plant is damaged by a feeding animal, the alliinase is released to catalyze the production of the pungent chemicals.</p>

<p>The glucocorticoid receptor (GR or GCR).The GR is expressed in almost every cell in the body and regulates genes controlling the development, metabolism, and immune response. Because the receptor gene is expressed in several forms, it has many different (pleiotropic) effects in different parts of the body.</p>

<p>Glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) is well known as one of the key enzymes involved in glycolysis. GAPDH is constitutively expressed in almost all tissues at high levels, therefore antibodies against GAPDH are useful as loading controls for Western Blotting. Some physiological factors, such as hypoxia and diabetes, increase GAPDH expression in certain cell types.</p>

<p>Cyan Fluorescent Protein (CFP) is a genetic mutant of green fluorescent protein (GFP) originally derived from the jellyfish Aequorea victoria.</p>

<p>Yellow Fluorescent Protein (YFP) is a genetic mutant of green fluorescent protein (GFP) originally derived from the jellyfish Aequorea victoria. Its excitation peak is 514 nm and its emission peak is 527 nm. YFP is a useful tool in cell and molecular biology thanks to its properties useful for fluorescence microscopy.</p>

<p>mOrange and mOrange2 are extremely bright orange fluorescent protein monomers which can be used as tags or reporters. Both mOrange fluorescent proteins are mutants derived from mRFP1, a monomeric mutant of DsRed.</p>

<p>AmCyan has been adapted from the corresponding full length cDNA for higher solubility, brighter emission, and rapid chromophore maturation (8–12 hours). AmCyan1 has been human-codon optimized for enhanced translation in mammalian cells. AmCyan is a very good blue fluorescent reporter protein, and useful in two-color analyses with DsRed2, DsRed-Express, or AsRed2, and in three-color analyses with ZsYellow and HcRed.</p>

<p>Enhanced Blue Fluorescent Protein (EBFP) emits a strong blue fluorescence. EBFP can be used as protein</p>

<p>mStrawberry is a bright, monomeric red fluorescent protein which was developed in Dr. Roger Tsien’s lab by directed mutagenesis of mRFP.</p>

<p>mStrawberry is a bright, monomeric red fluorescent protein which was developed in Dr. Roger Tsien’s lab by directed mutagenesis of mRFP.</p>

<p>Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase oxygenase, commonly known by the abbreviation RuBisCO, is an enzyme involved in the first major step of carbon fixation, a process by which atmospheric carbon dioxide is converted by plants to energy-rich molecules such as glucose.</p>

<p>mOrange and mOrange2 are extremely bright orange fluorescent protein monomers which can be used as tags or reporters. Both mOrange fluorescent proteins are mutants derived from mRFP1, a monomeric mutant of DsRed.</p>

<p>AmCyan has been adapted from the corresponding full length cDNA for higher solubility, brighter emission, and rapid chromophore maturation (8–12 hours). AmCyan1 has been human-codon optimized for enhanced translation in mammalian cells. AmCyan is a very good blue fluorescent reporter protein, and useful in two-color analyses with DsRed2, DsRed-Express, or AsRed2, and in three-color analyses with ZsYellow and HcRed.</p>

<p>Enhanced Blue Fluorescent Protein (EBFP) emits a strong blue fluorescence. EBFP can be used as protein "tags" to study the sub-cellular localization of proteins and/or their translocation upon stimulation or as markers for transfection in transient and stable expression systems.</p>

<p>CREB (cAMP response element-binding protein) is a cellular transcription factor. This protein binds the cAMP response element (CRE), a sequence present in many viral and cellular promoters. CREB is closely related in structure and function to CREM (cAMP response element modulator) and ATF-1 (activating transcription factor-1) proteins. CREB proteins are expressed in many animals.</p>

<p>Peroxiredoxin-1 is a protein which reduce hydrogen peroxide and alkyl hydroperoxides. The encoded protein may play an antioxidant protective role in cells, and may contribute to the antiviral activity of CD8(+) T-cells. This protein may have a proliferative effect and play a role in cancer development or progression. Three transcript variants encoding the same protein have been identified for this gene.</p>

<p>The nuclear lamina consists of a two-dimensional matrix of proteins located next to the inner nuclear membrane. The lamin family of proteins make up the matrix and are highly conserved in evolution. During mitosis, the lamina matrix is reversibly disassembled as the lamin proteins are phosphorylated. Lamin proteins are thought to be involved in nuclear stability, chromatin structure and gene expression. Vertebrate lamins consist of two types, A and B. This gene encodes one of the two B type proteins, B1.</p>

<p>c-Fos is a proto-oncogene that is the human homolog of the retroviral oncogene v-fos. c-fos is 380 amino acid protein with a basic leucine zipper region for dimerisation and DNA-binding and a transactivation domain at C-terminus.</p>

<p>Vinculin is a membrane-cytoskeletal protein in focal adhesion plaques that is involved in linkage of integrin adhesion molecules to the actin cytoskeleton. Vinculin is a cytoskeletal protein associated with cell-cell and cell-matrix junctions, where it is thought to function as one of several interacting proteins involved in anchoring F-actin to the membrane.</p>

<p>Actin is a globular multi-functional protein that forms microfilaments. ACTA2 codes for an α-actin located in the smooth muscle, and also in vascular smooth muscle.</p>

<p>Actin, alpha skeletal muscle is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ACTA1 gene. Actin alpha 1 which is expressed in skeletal muscle is one of six different actin isoforms which have been identified. Actins are highly conserved proteins that are involved in cell motility, structure and integrity. Alpha actins are a major constituent of the contractile apparatus.</p>

<p>Tubulin is the major constituent of microtubules. It exists as a heterodimer consiting of an alpha and a beta subunit. Class II beta tubulin is the major form of tubulin beta in neurons, although it is not neuronal specific. It is found in many other tissues including lung tissue and Schwann cells.</p>

<p>Tubulin is the major constituent of microtubules. It exists as a heterodimer consiting of an alpha and a beta subunit. TUBB3 plays a critical role in proper axon guidance and mantainance.</p>

<p>Growth Associated Protein 43 also known as GAP43 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GAP43 gene. GAP43, is a nervous tissue-specific cytoplasmic protein that can be attached to the membrane via a dual palmitoylation sequence on cysteines 3 and 4. This sequence targets GAP43 to lipid rafts.</p>

<p>RAC-gamma serine/threonine-protein kinase is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the AKT3 gene. This kinase has been shown to be stimulated by platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), insulin, and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1).</p>

<p>c-Myc is a regulator gene that codes for a transcription factor. In the human genome, Myc is located on chromosome 8 and is believed to regulate expression of 15% of all gene through binding on Enhancer Box sequences (E-boxes) and recruiting histone acetyltransferases (HATs).</p>