ELK Promotion

<p>neuroblastoma breakpoint family member 6(NBPF6) Homo sapiens This gene is a member of the neuroblastoma breakpoint family (NBPF) which consists of dozens of recently duplicated genes primarily located in segmental duplications on human chromosome 1. This gene family has experienced its greatest expansion within the human lineage and has expanded, to a lesser extent, among primates in general. Members of this gene family are characterized by tandemly repeated copies of DUF1220 protein domains. Gene copy number variations in the human chromosomal region 1q21.1, where most DUF1220 domains are located, have been implicated in a number of developmental and neurogenetic diseases such as microcephaly, macrocephaly, autism, schizophrenia, mental retardation, congenital heart disease, neuroblastoma, and congenital kidney and urinary tract anomalies. Altered expression of some gene family members is associated with several types of cancer. This gene fam</p>

<p>This gene encodes a protein with two leucine zipper domains, a ribosomal protein S14 signature domain and a Sec39 like domain. The protein is thought to be involved in Golgi-to-ER transport. Mutations in this gene are associated with short stature, optic nerve atrophy, and Pelger-Huet anomaly. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2012],</p>

<p>This gene encodes a secreted chaperone protein that prevents the aggregation of other secreted proteins, including proteins that are associated with neurodegenerative and metabolic disease. The encoded protein may be best known for its role in the trafficking and activation of prohormone convertase PC2 (encoded by Gene ID: 5126). Phosphorylation of the encoded protein has been shown to have an inhibitory effect on its chaperone function. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2016],</p>

<p>This gene is part of the family of Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factors. Members of this family activate Rho proteins by catalyzing the exchange of GDP for GTP. The protein encoded by this gene interacts with RhoA within the cell nucleus and may play a role in repairing DNA damage after ionizing radiation. Pseudogenes of this gene are located on the long arms of chromosomes 1, 7 and 18. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants that encode different protein isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2012],</p>

<p>function:Appears to mediate neuronal differentiation.,PTM:Serine or threonine phosphorylation within the basic region may regulate neurogenic activity.,similarity:Contains 1 basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) domain.,subunit:Efficient DNA binding requires dimerization with another bHLH protein.,</p>

<p>This gene is a member of the NEUROD family of basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors. The encoded protein may be involved in the development and differentiation of the nervous system. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2012],</p>

<p>function:Appears to mediate neuronal differentiation.,similarity:Contains 1 basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) domain.,subunit:Efficient DNA binding requires dimerization with another bHLH protein.,tissue specificity:Expression restricted to the embryonic nervous system.,</p>

<p>This gene encodes an oxygen-binding protein that is distantly related to members of the globin gene family. It is highly conserved among other vertebrates. It is expressed in the central and peripheral nervous system where it may be involved in increasing oxygen availability and providing protection under hypoxic/ischemic conditions. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008],</p>

<p>Neuroguidin is an EIF4E (MIM 133440)-binding protein that interacts with CPEB (MIM 607342) and functions as a translational regulatory protein during development of the vertebrate nervous system (Jung et al., 2006 [PubMed 16705177]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008],</p>

<p>This gene encodes a member of a family of neuronal cell surface proteins. Members of this family may act as splice site-specific ligands for beta-neurexins and may be involved in the formation and remodeling of central nervous system synapses. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008],</p>

<p>This gene encodes a member of a family of neuronal cell surface proteins. Members of this family may act as splice site-specific ligands for beta-neurexins and may be involved in the formation and remodeling of central nervous system synapses. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008],</p>

<p>This gene encodes a member of a family of neuronal cell surface proteins. Members of this family may act as splice site-specific ligands for beta-neurexins and may be involved in the formation and remodeling of central nervous system synapses. Mutations in this gene may be associated with autism and Asperger syndrome. Multiple transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been identified for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2009],</p>

<p>This gene encodes a member of the bombesin-like family of neuropeptides, which negatively regulate eating behavior. The encoded protein may regulate colonic smooth muscle contraction through binding to its cognate receptor, the neuromedin B receptor (NMBR). Polymorphisms of this gene may be associated with hunger, weight gain and obesity. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2015],</p>

<p>This gene belongs to the neuron navigator family and is expressed predominantly in the nervous system. The encoded protein contains coiled-coil domains and a conserved AAA domain characteristic for ATPases associated with a variety of cellular activities. This gene is similar to unc-53, a Caenorhabditis elegans gene involved in axon guidance. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants for this gene have been described but only one has had its full-length nature determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008],</p>

<p>This gene encodes a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, which belongs to a superfamily of ligand-gated ion channels that play a role in fast signal transmission at synapses. These pentameric receptors can bind acetylcholine, which causes an extensive change in conformation that leads to the opening of an ion-conducting channel across the plasma membrane. This protein is an integral membrane receptor subunit that can interact with either nAChR beta-2 or nAChR beta-4 to form a functional receptor. Mutations in this gene cause nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy type 1. Polymorphisms in this gene that provide protection against nicotine addiction have been described. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2012],</p>

<p>This gene encodes an alpha subunit of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. These receptors consist of five subunits and function as ion channels involved in neurotransmission. The encoded protein is a subunit of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors that mediate dopaminergic neurotransmission and are activated by acetylcholine and exogenous nicotine. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been observed for this gene. Single nucleotide polymorphisms in this gene have been associated with both nicotine and alcohol dependence. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2010],</p>

<p>The nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) are members of a superfamily of ligand-gated ion channels that mediate fast signal transmission at synapses. The nAChRs are (hetero)pentamers composed of homologous subunits. The subunits that make up the muscle and neuronal forms of nAChRs are encoded by separate genes and have different primary structure. There are several subtypes of neuronal nAChRs that vary based on which homologous subunits are arranged around the central channel. They are classified as alpha-subunits if, like muscle alpha-1 (MIM 100690), they have a pair of adjacent cysteines as part of the presumed acetylcholine binding site. Subunits lacking these cysteine residues are classified as beta-subunits (Groot Kormelink and Luyten, 1997 [PubMed 9009220]). Elliott et al. (1996) [PubMed 8906617] stated that the proposed structure for each subunit is a conserved N</p>

<p>function:After binding acetylcholine, the AChR responds by an extensive change in conformation that affects all subunits and leads to opening of an ion-conducting channel across the plasma membrane.,similarity:Belongs to the ligand-gated ionic channel (TC 1.A.9) family.,subunit:Neuronal AChR is composed of two different types of subunits: alpha and beta. Beta-4 subunit can be combined to alpha-2, alpha-3 or alpha-4 to give rise to functional receptors. Interacts with RIC3; which is required for proper folding and assembly.,</p>

<p>glycoprotein M6B(GPM6B) Homo sapiens This gene encodes a membrane glycoprotein that belongs to the proteolipid protein family. Proteolipid protein family members are expressed in most brain regions and are thought to be involved in cellular housekeeping functions such as membrane trafficking and cell-to-cell communication. This protein may also be involved in osteoblast differentiation. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. Pseudogenes of this gene are located on chromosomes Y and 22. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2016],</p>

<p>This gene encodes a protein similar to the rat neuronal pentraxin receptor. The rat pentraxin receptor is an integral membrane protein that is thought to mediate neuronal uptake of the snake venom toxin, taipoxin, and its transport into the synapses. Studies in rat indicate that translation of this mRNA initiates at a non-AUG (CUG) codon. This may also be true for mouse and human, based on strong sequence conservation amongst these species. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008],</p>

<p>NPTX1 is a member of the neuronal pentraxin gene family. Neuronal pentraxin 1 is similar to the rat NP1 gene which encodes a binding protein for the snake venom toxin taipoxin. Human NPTX1 mRNA is exclusively localized to the nervous system. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008],</p>

<p>This gene encodes a member of the family of neuronal petraxins, synaptic proteins that are related to C-reactive protein. This protein is involved in excitatory synapse formation. It also plays a role in clustering of alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA)-type glutamate receptors at established synapses, resulting in non-apoptotic cell death of dopaminergic nerve cells. Up-regulation of this gene in Parkinson disease (PD) tissues suggests that the protein may be involved in the pathology of PD. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2009],</p>

<p>The product of this gene is processed into 23- and 30-amino acid neuropeptides that bind and activate two G-protein coupled receptors in the central nervous system. The neuropeptides have been shown to enhance cortisol secretion from adrenal cells through the adenylate cyclase/protein kinase A signaling cascade. The preproprotein is translated using a non-AUG initiation codon that is inferred from analyses of the mouse ortholog. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008],</p>

<p>This gene encodes a predicted transmembrane protein containing two extracellular CUB domains followed by a low-density lipoprotein class A (LDLa) domain. A similar gene in mice encodes a protein that plays a critical role in spatial learning and memory by regulating the function of synaptic N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptor complexes in the hippocampus. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2011],</p>

<p>This gene encodes a predicted transmembrane protein containing two extracellular CUB domains followed by a low-density lipoprotein class A (LDLa) domain. A similar gene in rats encodes a protein that modulates glutamate signaling in the brain by regulating kainate receptor function. Expression of this gene may be a biomarker for proliferating infantile hemangiomas. A pseudogene of this gene is located on the long arm of chromosome 8. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2011],</p>

<p>nidogen 2(NID2) Homo sapiens This gene encodes a member of the nidogen family of basement membrane proteins. This protein is a cell-adhesion protein that binds collagens I and IV and laminin and may be involved in maintaining the structure of the basement membrane.[provided by RefSeq, Jun 2010],</p>

<p>This gene encodes the homolog of the Drosophila melanogaster Nipped-B gene product and fungal Scc2-type sister chromatid cohesion proteins. The Drosophila protein facilitates enhancer-promoter communication of remote enhancers and plays a role in developmental regulation. It is also homologous to a family of chromosomal adherins with broad roles in sister chromatid cohesion, chromosome condensation, and DNA repair. The human protein has a bipartite nuclear targeting sequence and a putative HEAT repeat. Condensins, cohesins and other complexes with chromosome-related functions also contain HEAT repeats. Mutations in this gene result in Cornelia de Lange syndrome, a disorder characterized by dysmorphic facial features, growth delay, limb reduction defects, and mental retardation. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008],</p>

<p>The protein encoded by this gene may modulate the activity and localization of nitric oxide synthase (endothelial and neuronal) and thus nitric oxide production. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants that encode the same protein. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2012],</p>

<p>This gene encodes a H1 histone binding protein that is involved in transporting histones into the nucleus of dividing cells. Multiple isoforms are encoded by transcript variants of this gene. The somatic form is expressed in all mitotic cells, is localized to the nucleus, and is coupled to the cell cycle. The testicular form is expressed in embryonic tissues, tumor cells, and the testis. In male germ cells, this protein is localized to the cytoplasm of primary spermatocytes, the nucleus of spermatids, and the periacrosomal region of mature spermatozoa. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008],</p>

<p>This gene encodes a member of the nuclear distribution E (NudE) family of proteins. The encoded protein is localized at the centrosome and interacts with other centrosome components as part of a multiprotein complex that regulates dynein function. This protein plays an essential role in microtubule organization, mitosis and neuronal migration. Mutations in this gene cause lissencephaly 4, a disorder characterized by lissencephaly, severe brain atrophy, microcephaly, and severe mental retardation. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2012],</p>

<p>The protein encoded by this gene is a transcription factor that binds the palindromic sequence 5'-TTGGCNNNNNGCCAA-3 in viral and cellular promoters. The encoded protein can also stimulate adenovirus replication in vitro. Three transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2012],</p>

<p>This gene encodes a protein that is involved in globin gene expression in erythrocytes. Confusion has occurred in bibliographic databases due to the shared symbol of NRF1 for this gene, NFE2L1, and for "nuclear respiratory factor 1" which has an official symbol of NRF1. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008],</p>

<p>This gene encodes a nuclear RNA binding protein that contains a C2H2 zinc finger motif and a nuclear localization signal. This protein is associated with the nuclear matrix in perichromatin fibrils and, in neurons, localizes to the cytoplasm in association with endoplasmic reticulum ribosomes. This protein interacts with the fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP), the tumor suppressor protein BRCA1, upregulates RNA polymerase II transcription, and is involved in box C/D snoRNP biogenesis. A pseudogene of this gene resides on chromosome 6q12. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2012],</p>

<p>nucleoporin 107(NUP107) Homo sapiens This gene encodes a member of the nucleoporin family. The protein is localized to the nuclear rim and is an essential component of the nuclear pore complex (NPC). All molecules entering or leaving the nucleus either diffuse through or are actively transported by the NPC. Alternate transcriptional splice variants of this gene have been observed but have not been thoroughly characterized. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008],</p>

<p>nucleoporin 133(NUP133) Homo sapiens The nuclear envelope creates distinct nuclear and cytoplasmic compartments in eukaryotic cells. It consists of two concentric membranes perforated by nuclear pores, large protein complexes that form aqueous channels to regulate the flow of macromolecules between the nucleus and the cytoplasm. These complexes are composed of at least 100 different polypeptide subunits, many of which belong to the nucleoporin family. The nucleoporin protein encoded by this gene displays evolutionarily conserved interactions with other nucleoporins. This protein, which localizes to both sides of the nuclear pore complex at interphase, remains associated with the complex during mitosis and is targeted at early stages to the reforming nuclear envelope. This protein also localizes to kinetochores of mitotic cells. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008],</p>

<p>nucleoporin 153(NUP153) Homo sapiens Nuclear pore complexes regulate the transport of macromolecules between the nucleus and cytoplasm. They are composed of at least 100 different polypeptide subunits, many of which belong to the nucleoporin family. Nucleoporins are glycoproteins found in nuclear pores and contain characteristic pentapeptide XFXFG repeats as well as O-linked N-acetylglucosamine residues oriented towards the cytoplasm. The protein encoded by this gene has three distinct domains: a N-terminal region containing a pore targeting and an RNA-binding domain domain, a central region containing multiple zinc finger motifs, and a C-terminal region containing multiple XFXFG repeats. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants of this gene. [provided by RefSeq, May 2013],</p>

<p>nucleoporin 155(NUP155) Homo sapiens Nucleoporins are proteins that play an important role in the assembly and functioning of the nuclear pore complex (NPC) which regulates the movement of macromolecules across the nuclear envelope (NE). The protein encoded by this gene plays a role in the fusion of NE vesicles and formation of the double membrane NE. The protein may also be involved in cardiac physiology and may be associated with the pathogenesis of atrial fibrillation. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants of this gene. A pseudogene associated with this gene is located on chromosome 6. [provided by RefSeq, May 2013],</p>

<p>nucleoporin 205(NUP205) Homo sapiens This gene encodes a nucleoporin, which is a subunit of the nuclear pore complex that functions in active transport of proteins, RNAs and ribonucleoprotein particles between the nucleus and cytoplasm. Mutations in this gene are associated with steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2016],</p>

<p>nucleoporin 214(NUP214) Homo sapiens The nuclear pore complex is a massive structure that extends across the nuclear envelope, forming a gateway that regulates the flow of macromolecules between the nucleus and the cytoplasm. Nucleoporins are the main components of the nuclear pore complex in eukaryotic cells. This gene is a member of the FG-repeat-containing nucleoporins. The protein encoded by this gene is localized to the cytoplasmic face of the nuclear pore complex where it is required for proper cell cycle progression and nucleocytoplasmic transport. The 3' portion of this gene forms a fusion gene with the DEK gene on chromosome 6 in a t(6,9) translocation associated with acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome. Alternative splicing of this gene results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2015],</p>

<p>similarity:Belongs to the NPIP family.,similarity:Contains 1 GPS domain.,subcellular location:Colocalizes with nuclear pore complex protein NUP62.,subunit:May associate with the nuclear pore complex.,tissue specificity:Widely expressed.,</p>

<p>The nuclear pore complex is a massive structure that extends across the nuclear envelope, forming a gateway that regulates the flow of macromolecules between the nucleus and the cytoplasm. Nucleoporins are the main components of the nuclear pore complex in eukaryotic cells. The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the FG-repeat containing nucleoporins and is localized to the nuclear pore central plug. This protein associates with the importin alpha/beta complex which is involved in the import of proteins containing nuclear localization signals. Multiple transcript variants of this gene encode a single protein isoform. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008],</p>

<p>similarity:Belongs to the NUP210 family.,</p>

<p>domain:Binds ubiquitinated proteins via its RanBP2-type zinc finger.,function:The ternary complex containing UFD1L, VCP and NPLOC4 binds ubiquitinated proteins and is necessary for the export of misfolded proteins from the ER to the cytoplasm, where they are degraded by the proteasome. The NPLOC4-UFD1L-VCP complex regulates spindle disassembly at the end of mitosis and is necessary for the formation of a closed nuclear envelope.,pathway:Protein degradation; proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent pathway.,similarity:Belongs to the NPL4 family.,similarity:Contains 1 RanBP2-type zinc finger.,subcellular location:Associated with the endoplasmic reticulum and nuclear.,subunit:Heterodimer with UFD1L. The heterodimer binds ubiquitinated proteins. The heterodimer binds to VCP and inhibits Golgi membrane fusion.,tissue specificity:Expressed at highest levels in brain, heart, skeletal muscle, kidney and fetal liver.,</p>

<p>The protein encoded by this gene is an unusual orphan receptor that contains a putative ligand-binding domain but lacks a conventional DNA-binding domain. The gene product is a member of the nuclear hormone receptor family, a group of transcription factors regulated by small hydrophobic hormones, a subset of which do not have known ligands and are referred to as orphan nuclear receptors. The protein has been shown to interact with retinoid and thyroid hormone receptors, inhibiting their ligand-dependent transcriptional activation. In addition, interaction with estrogen receptors has been demonstrated, leading to inhibition of function. Studies suggest that the protein represses nuclear hormone receptor-mediated transactivation via two separate steps: competition with coactivators and the direct effects of its transcriptional repressor function. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008],</p>

<p>The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the NR1 subfamily of nuclear hormone receptors. It is a DNA-binding protein that can bind as a monomer or as a homodimer to hormone response elements upstream of several genes to enhance the expression of those genes. The encoded protein has been shown to interact with NM23-2, a nucleoside diphosphate kinase involved in organogenesis and differentiation, and to help regulate the expression of some genes involved in circadian rhythm. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2014],</p>

<p>domain:The protein kinase domain is predicted to be catalytically inactive.,sequence caution:Intron retention.,similarity:Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. Ser/Thr protein kinase family.,similarity:Contains 1 protein kinase domain.,</p>

<p>function:In the elongating spermatids of mammals, the conversion of nucleosomal chromatin to the compact, non-nucleosomal form found in the sperm nucleus is associated with the appearance of a small set of basic chromosomal transition proteins.,similarity:Belongs to the nuclear transition protein 2 family.,tissue specificity:Testis.,</p>

<p>This nucleolar protein was first characterized because it was an autoantigen in cases on interstitial cystitis. The protein, with a predicted molecular weight of 50 kDa, appears to be localized in the particulate compartment of the interphase nucleolus, with a distribution distinct from that of nucleolar protein B23. During mitosis it is associated with chromosomes. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008],</p>

<p>similarity:Belongs to the CBF/MAK21 family.,</p>

<p>GTP-binding proteins are GTPases and function as molecular switches that can flip between two states: active, when GTP is bound, and inactive, when GDP is bound. 'Active' in this context usually means that the molecule acts as a signal to trigger other events in the cell. When an extracellular ligand binds to a G-protein-linked receptor, the receptor changes its conformation and switches on the trimeric G proteins that associate with it by causing them to eject their GDP and replace it with GTP. The switch is turned off when the G protein hydrolyzes its own bound GTP, converting it back to GDP. But before that occurs, the active protein has an opportunity to diffuse away from the receptor and deliver its message for a prolonged period to its downstream target. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008],</p>