Oligossacarídeos

4-Methoxyphenyl 3-O-Bn-4-O-[4-(2,6-dideoxy-3-O-(3,4,6-tri-O-Bn-2,4,6 -O-(3,4,6-tri -O -Ac)-a -D -Man)-b -D -Man]-3,6-di -O-(3,4,6,-tri -O Bn 2 4 6 O

Neutral tetrasaccharide naturally present in human breast milk

<p>Heparin is a carbohydrate that is derived from the mucopolysaccharide heparin. It is a complex carbohydrate that consists of a chain of alternating N-acetylglucosamine and glucuronic acid. Heparin is used as an anticoagulant to prevent blood clotting, which may occur due to injury or during surgery. Heparin's use in medicine has been limited by its low solubility and rapid clearance from the body. Recently, it has been modified with a fluorine atom on the sugar ring, which increases their solubility and bioavailability. Click chemistry can be used to attach other molecules to the saccharide ammonium salt in order to modify the properties of heparin. This modification can be done with methyl groups or glycosyl groups, and it can also be done with other sugars such as galactose or glucose.</p>

Substrate for fucosidase; used in infant formula; improves health in infants

<p>Cancer-associated carbohydrate antigen</p>

Methyl 2-acetamido-4-O-(2-acetamido-2,3-dideoxy-b-D-glucopyranosyl)-2,6O-(a,L-fucopyranosyl)-b-D-glucopyranoside is a synthetic carbohydrate. It is a high purity and custom synthesis product with CAS No. 97242-84-7. This product has been fluorinated and methylated as well as glycosylated and click modified to increase its stability.

3-O-(2-Acetamido-2-deoxy-a-D-galactopyranosyl)-D-galactopyranose is an endothelial cell growth factor that is generated by the enzymatic activity of galactosyltransferase. It binds to lectin, glycan, and monoclonal antibodies. This molecule has been shown to have biological properties that are related to cancer and immunology. 3-O-(2-Acetamido-2-deoxy-a-D-galactopyranosyl)-D-galactopyranose may be used as a glycolipid marker in blood group typing and in the detection of cervical cancer cells.

<p>Galactosyl isomaltol is a sugar molecule that is produced by the enzymatic hydrolysis of lactose. It has been shown to have antimicrobial activity against human pathogens and can be used as an antioxidant. Galactosyl isomaltol binds to lysine residues on bacterial cell walls, preventing the formation of new cells and causing cell death by interfering with protein synthesis. The addition of galactosyl isomaltol to food decreases the levels of phycocyanin, which are a type of fluorescent pigment found in blue green algae. This compound also has magnetic resonance analysis properties that could be used for diagnosis.</p>

<p>An α-anomer, obtained by crystallization at low temperature, can be dehydrated to stable form above 130°C or an unstable (hygroscopic) form at lower temperatures. An example of the applications for α-Lactose monohydrate is in dry powder inhalers.  These are devices that deliver medication to the lung in the form of a dry powder generating an aerosol directly from the drug powder or mixture, using an excipient such as lactose monohydrate.</p>

Chitotriose undecaacetate is a synthetic substrate that is used in transfecting experiments. It has high sensitivity and can be used to introduce nucleic acid into cells. Chitotriose undecaacetate is used as a synthetic fluorometric assay for the determination of chitinase activity in vitro or as a substrate for cell-free synthesis of nucleic acids. It has been shown to possess moieties that are sensitive to hydrogen chloride and chloride ions, making it an effective probe for the determination of these ions. Chitotriose undecaacetate also reacts with sephadex G-200, which makes it useful for separating DNA fragments by electrophoresis.

Benzyl 4-O-(b-D-galactopyranosyl)-b-D-xylopyranoside is a synthetic monosaccharide that has been modified with fluorine. This compound is used to modify complex carbohydrates like glycosaminoglycans and glycoproteins. It is also used in the synthesis of oligosaccharides and polysaccharides, as well as in click chemistry. Benzyl 4-O-(b-D-galactopyranosyl)-b-D-xylopyranoside is available for custom synthesis, and can be ordered in high purity.

Globoside is the most abundant neutral glycolipid in the erythrocyte membrane.

GT1b ganglioside (ammonium salt) has a core tetrasaccharide structure (Galβ1,3GalNAcβ1,4Galβ1,4Glc) with two sialic acids (NeuAc) linked α2,3/α2,8 to the inner galactose residue, sialic acid (NeuAc) linked α2,3 to the terminal galactose residue, and ceramide linked β to position 1 on the reducing terminal glucose residue (Ledeen, 2009). GT1b ganglioside is one of the major gangliosides in neuronal and glial membranes. It interacts with myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG) and is essential for long-term axon-myelin stability. GT1b ganglioside also acts as a receptor for bacterial toxins, such as, tetanus and botulinum toxins (Nishiki, 1996), as well as for viruses. A few examples of which include: Merkel cell polyomavirus, JC virus, BK virus, norovirus, and others (Low, 2006).

Methyl 3-O-(2-acetamido-2-deoxy-b-D-galactopyranosyl)-a-D-galactopyranoside is a sugar that is synthesized by the Click modification of 3,4,6-trihydroxybenzoic acid and 2,3,6,7,8-pentahydroxyacetophenone. This sugar is used in glycosylation reactions to modify proteins or peptides.

Carbon source for E. coli; inhibitor of lysozymes

Produced by the fast pyrolysis of cellulose

Neutral disaccharide naturally present in human breast milk and possible bifidus factor, acceptor for the Helicobacter pylori enzyme α1,2-fucosyltransferase and disaccharide involved in the expression of Lewis blood group antigens.

<p>1,4-β-D-Xylobiitol is a monosaccharide that is synthesized by the glycosylation of β-D-xylose. It is an important component of complex carbohydrates found in plants and animals. Xylobiitol can be modified with methylation or Click chemistry to produce 1,4-β-D-xylopyranosiduronic acid and 1,4-β-D-xylopyranuronic acid respectively. In addition, it can be fluorinated to create 1,4-β-D-fluoroxylobiitol and modified with saccharide or oligosaccharides to produce 1,4-[α]-,1,3-[α]- or 1,3-[β]-linked xylobiitols. Xylobiitol can also be modified with polysaccharides to form xylanolybioside conjugates in which GlcUA residues are linked</p>

Lactose 6'-sulfate is a custom synthesis of a complex carbohydrate and an oligosaccharide. It is modified by methylation and glycosylation, which can be altered to create other saccharides such as galactose. Lactose 6'-sulfate has been fluorinated in the alpha position and contains a sulfate group that is attached with a click chemistry reaction. Lactose 6'-sulfate has CAS number 1015758-24-3 and is high purity.

Gala1-3(Fuca1-2)Galb1-3GlcNAcb1-3Galb1-4Glc (B antigen hexasaccharide Type I)

<p>Trehalose-6,6'-dibehenate (TDB) is a novel synthetic lipid that has been shown to have beneficial effects in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. This compound may act as an anti-inflammatory agent by inhibiting toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-mediated signaling and TLR4-dependent production of proinflammatory cytokines. TDB also inhibits HIV infection by interfering with CD4+ T cell function and decreasing the number of CD4+ cells in the gut. In addition, TDB has been shown to be effective against lps-induced inflammatory response in cell culture.</p>

4-Methoxyphenyl 4-O-[4-O-(4,6-O-benzylidene-3-O-tert-butyldimethylsilyl-2-O -levulinoyl)-b,D,Glucopyranosyl]-3,6,-di-, Obenzyl 2deoxy 2phthalimido bDglucopyranosyl]-2deoxy 2phthalimido bDglucopyrano sugar is a complex carbohydrate that has been synthesized in a custom synthesis. It is composed of a glucose oligosaccharide with a methoxyphenol glycoside at the reducing terminus and an α-(1,6)-linked mannose at the nonreducing terminus. The carbohydrate has been modified by fluorination and methylation. The molecule contains an acetal bond between the carbonyl group of the terminal monosaccharide and the

GT1b (sodium salt) has a core tetrasaccharide structure (Galβ1,3GalNAcβ1,4Galβ1,4Glc) with two sialic acids (NeuAc) linked α2,3/α2,8 to the inner galactose residue, sialic acid (NeuAc) linked α2,3 to the terminal galactose residue and ceramide linked β to position 1 on the reducing terminal glucose residue (Ledeen, 2009). GT1b is one of the major gangliosides in neuronal and glial membranes, it interacts with the myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG) and is essential for long-term axon-myelin stability. GT1b ganglioside also acts as a receptor for bacterial toxins, such as, tetanus and botulinum toxins (Nishik,i 1996), as well as for viruses, a few examples include: Merkel cell polyomavirus, JC virus, BK virus, norovirus, and others (Low, 2006).

<p>Lactose is the principal sugar in human and most other mammalian milks, ( 4-O-(beta-d-galactopyranosyl)-d-glucopyranose). Lactose undergoes mutarotation; it is a reducing sugar and is significantly less soluble in water than sucrose. Lactose is much less sweet than sucrose (at ~1% about 0.15 (sucrose=1). The enzyme lactase (beta-galactosidase), which is present in the small intestine, catalyzes hydrolysis of lactose to form glucose and galactose. Anhydrous lactose is an excipient, filler, diluent, and bulking agent in a wide variety of pharmaceutical tablets, capsules, powders and other preparations. Lactose also has applications as a nutrient and multi-functional ingredient in infant formulae, geriatric, dietetic and health foods.</p>

Please enquire for more information about 2-O-β-D-Galactopyranosyl-D-galactose including the price, delivery time and more detailed product information at the technical inquiry form on this page

4-Methoxyphenyl 4-O-{2-O-acetyl-3-O-[2,4-di-O-(3,4,6-tri-O-acetyl-2,6 glycoside)-bDglucopyranosyl]-3,6 di -Obenzyl - bDmannopyranosyl} - 3,6 di -Obenzyl 2 deoxy 2 phthalimido bDglucopyranoside is a synthetic compound that belongs to the group of oligosaccharides. It is a modification of a monosaccharide with methylation and fluorination. The synthesis of this compound includes the use of Click chemistry for glycosylation. The CAS number is 766913–30–8.

Linear B-2 trisaccharide is a human serum glycoprotein that belongs to the group of glycoconjugates. It has been shown to have clinical relevance in the detection of cancer and infectious diseases, as well as for use in the treatment of cancer. Linear B-2 trisaccharide can be used in combination with monoclonal antibodies for diagnosis and treatment of cancer. This molecule is also an inhibitor of both influenza virus hemagglutinin and HIV gp120, which may be due to its ability to react with specific carbohydrate structures on these proteins. Linear B-2 trisaccharide is biocompatible and can be used in the development of biodegradable polymers. The linearity of this molecule makes it more stable than other related molecules, such as glycopeptides.

<p>Chitinases are enzymes that hydrolyze chitin, a polysaccharide found in the exoskeleton of insects, fungi and other invertebrates. Chitohexaose is a sugar that has been shown to have anti-inflammatory properties. It is a carbohydrate with six acetyl groups attached to it. When this sugar reacts with ammonium bicarbonate (NH4HCO3) in an acidic environment, it produces N,N',N'',N''',N'''',N''''',N''''''-heptaacetylchitoheptaose. This reaction system can be used as a chitinase preparation for investigating the biological effects of chitohexaose. The magnetic resonance spectroscopy was used to study the reaction system and revealed that the product is a hexamer with six acetyl groups on each monomer.</p>

2-Amino-2-deoxy-3-O-(b-D-glucopyranuronosyl)-D-galactopyranose monohydrate is a glycoside that is found in the testes. It has inhibitory properties on oligosaccharides and can be used to study the structure of glycoconjugates. 2-Amino-2-deoxy-3-O-(b-D-glucopyranuronosyl)-D-galactopyranose monohydrate has been shown to inhibit the enzyme hydrolase, which is involved in glycoprotein synthesis. 2ADOGP has also been shown to bind to human serum albumin, an abundant protein in human blood plasma that transports lipids, hormones, and other molecules throughout the body. This binding results in a decrease in the serum concentration of 2ADOGP after administration.

4-O-Methyl-alpha-D-glucurono-beta-D-xylan is produced by the hydrolysis of xylan.  It can be used in studies to find new soluble chromogenic substrates for the assay of xylanases and glucanases.

4-Methoxyphenyl 4-O-(4,6-O-benzylidene-3-O-tert-butyldimethylsilyl-2-O-levulinoyl-b-D-glucopyranosyl)-3,6-di-O-benzyl -2,6'-dideoxygalactopyranoside is a modification of the natural carbohydrate galactose. The sugar moiety has been methylated and glycosylated with a levulinate ester and then fluorinated. This compound is highly pure and can be synthesized on custom order.

4,6-O-Benzylidene-D-maltose is an oligosaccharide that is a high purity custom synthesis. It has a Click modification and can be synthesized using the Fluorination and Glycosylation reaction. 4,6-O-Benzylidene-D-maltose is soluble in water and ethanol, but insoluble in ether. This product is listed as CAS No. 93417-41-5 and has a Methylation modification. 4,6-O-Benzylidene-D-maltose is also found in saccharides, carbohydrates, and complex carbohydrates.

<p>1,2-a-1,2-a-D-Mannotriose 1-O-propylamine acetate salt is a synthetic oligosaccharide.</p>

The H type I tetrasaccharide is a glycosylated molecule that belongs to the class of complex carbohydrates. It is an oligosaccharide with a high purity and high degree of methylation. The H Type I Tetrasaccharide is an important component in immunoglobulin G and can be used in the modification of proteins and other compounds, such as oligosaccharides. The H Type I Tetrasaccharide has been shown to have anti-inflammatory properties due to its ability to inhibit the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines from mast cells.

GM2-oligosaccharide (sodium salt) is a trisaccharide (GalNAcβ1,4Galβ1,4Glc) with sialic acid linked α2,3 to the central galactose residue (Ledeen, 2009). The parent GM2 ganglioside is present on neuronal cells and plays a key role in the regulation of dendritogenesis in cortical pyramidal neurons. In lysosomal storage disorders, such as, Tay-Sachs and Sandhoff disease, where hexosaminases A and B are deficient, GM2 ganglioside accumulates in the nervous system (Cachon-Gonzalez, 2018). GM2 ganglioside is also overexpressed in melanomas and other tumours of neuro-ecto origin (Yoshida, 2020). Moreover, the sugar moiety of GM2 ganglioside is a receptor allowing viral infection of cells with reovirus and rotavirus (Zhu, 2018).

a1-3 linked isomer of globotetraose

Benzyl 4-O-(b-D-galactopyranosyl)-b-D-glucopyranoside is a Glycosylation product that is custom synthesized to order. It is an oligosaccharide, which is synthesized by the modification of monosaccharides with other saccharides. This product has been fluorinated and acetylated at its C4 position and methylated at its C6 position. This compound has CAS No. 18404-72-3 and can be used as a sugar in the synthesis of complex carbohydrates or as a component of polysaccharides.

Shortest chain oligosaccharide that can be classified as a maltodextrin. A component of liquid glucose (a commercial sweetener composed of glucose, maltose, maltotriose and maltotetrose).

Chitosan oligomer (Dp 3-7) hydrochloride is a carbohydrate with a molecular weight of 1640. It is used as a sugar and an adjuvant in vaccine development. Chitosan oligomer (Dp 3-7) hydrochloride is synthesized by the reaction of chitosan with phosphoryl chloride and has been shown to have antiviral, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory effects.

GA2-ganglioside is a ganglioside that is found in the membranes of cells. GA2-Ganglioside has been shown to inhibit the growth of tumors by binding to macrophages and T cells, which are two types of white blood cells. It has also been shown that GA2-Ganglioside can be used as a target for an antibody response against human HL-60 tumor cells. The antibody response induces cell lysis and reduces the size of the tumor. GA2-Ganglioside has also been shown to have anti-inflammatory properties, which may be due to its ability to bind to α subunits on bowel disease and infectious diseases, such as murine sarcoma virus, causing an antibody response that causes cell lysis and prevents replication of these viruses.

The ‘tallowate’ esters are probably the best known derivatives of sucrose and many attempts have been made to commercialise them in order to exploit their excellent surfactant functionalities.  The most functional products are the mono- and diesters of the tallow acids (stearic, palmitic, oleic) with hydrophile-lipophile balance (HLB) values that lend themselves to surfactant applications in foods and cosmetics.  They also have other uses, for example in coating fruits with a semipermeable membrane that acts as a preservative.  Manufacturing economics have prevented these products from mass production and they remain in niche applications.

Chitobiose-6'-phosphate is a carbohydrate that is used in the synthesis of oligosaccharides. It can be modified to produce different types of saccharides, such as methylation, saccharide click modification, and modification. Chitobiose-6'-phosphate is available in high purity and offers a custom synthesis service for specific requirements.

Immunomodulatory pentasaccharide; prebiotic

Neutral hexasasaccharide naturally present in human breast milk

Component of human milk; antimicrobial activity against bacterial pathogens

The carbohydrate is a saccharide that is a modification of the monosaccharide. It is synthesized from D-mannose and D-glucose and has a fluorination at the C4 position. The carbohydrate has been custom synthesized for high purity, methylation, glycosylation, and click modification.

D-Cellopentose heptadecaacetate is a fluorinated, monosaccharide that is synthesized from the sugar cellobiose. It is an oligosaccharide and a complex carbohydrate with one of its glycosidic bonds modified by methylation. D-Cellopentose heptadecaacetate has been shown to be effective in inhibiting glycosylation reactions and can be used as a sugar substitute or for custom synthesis. This product has been shown to have high purity and is available at CAS No. 83058-38-2.

<p>Di-N-acetyl-D-lactosamine (DNL) is a sugar that is found in the mammalian tissues and can be used as a lectin to specifically bind to glycoproteins. It has been shown to have specificities for enteritis, and can be used to detect or analyze the sequences of oligosaccharides. DNL has been immobilized on silica gel, which was then reacted with lectins, such as concanavalin A, wheat germ agglutinin, and soybean agglutinin. This process allows for the detection of high-mannose-type oligosaccharides.</p>

Robinose is a flavonoid derivative that is used as a conditioning agent in animal health products. It has been shown to increase the efficacy of an antigen by enhancing the immune response. Robinose also has enzyme activities and has been shown to work synergistically with other flavonoids such as quercetin. In addition, it can be used as an analytical method for glycan structures. Robinose is typically produced from the hydrolysis of flavonol glycosides found in plants such as raspberries, blackberries, and blueberries. It can also be extracted from sugar beet molasses or sugar cane molasses.

<p>Produced from starch by transglycosylation-15 a-(1,4) linked glucose residues</p>

Allyl 2,4,6-tri-O-(3,4,6-tri-O-acetyl-2-deoxy-2-phthalimido-b-D-glucopyranosyl)-3-O-benzyl a -D -mannopyranoside is a glycosylated oligosaccharide. It is synthesized from 3,4,6 tri O acetyl 2 deoxy 2 phthalimido b D glucopyranosyl chloride and allyl alcohol by the click reaction with sodium azide in the presence of palladium catalysis. This product has been fluorinated at the 6 position of allose. The purity of this product is high and it has been modified on the saccharide chain with methyl groups at the C1 and C2 positions of glucose. Allyl 2,4,6 tri O (3 4 6 tri O acetyl 2 deoxy 2 phthalimido b D gluc

<p>Sialyl Lewis X (SLeX) is a carbohydrate antigen, related to cell adhesion and it has been shown that inhibition of SLeX synthesis leads to decreased adhesion of trophoblast cells to endometrial epithelial cells (Collins, 2006). Sialyl Lewis X is displayed on the terminus of glycolipids that are present on the surface of white blood cells and it has been shown that SLeX has an important role in inflamation processes. The inital adhesion of white blood cells to a site of injury is mediated by E-selectins which are specific for SLeX. Cell-cell recognition between leukocytes and endothelial cells in blood is believed to occur in part through interactions between lectins and oligosaccharide ligands. SLeX is frequently expressed in human cancer cells and primary tumors. It has been demonstrated that SLeX was involved in the adhesion of tumor cells to vascular endothelium. The potential role of SLeX in the tumor metastatic process has been supported by several clinical studies (Liang, 2016).</p>

<p>5-O-(a-D-[6,6'-2H2]Glucopyranosyl)-D-fructopyranose is a custom synthesis carbohydrate that is an oligosaccharide. It is a saccharide with a general formula of C6H10O5. One of its modifications is methylation. This product has been fluorinated and modified with the click reaction to create a glycosylated sugar. 5-O-(a-D-[6,6'-2H2]Glucopyranosyl)-D-fructopyranose is not radioactive and has high purity. It is also a polysaccharide that contains glucose monomers that are linked by glycosidic bonds to form branched chains of 10 or more units. The product has an appearance of white powder, and it can be used as an additive for pharmaceuticals, food products, and cosmetics.</p>

<p>Isolated from ivory-nut mannan, Picea glauca and Pinus strobus glucomannans</p>

<p>α 1,4-glucononasaccharide derived from starch by hydrolysis and chromatography</p>

Agarose is a polysaccharide found in red algae, typically Gelidium and Gracilaria. It is a strictly alternating polysaccharide of α-1,3 linked D-galactose and β-1,4 linked L-3,6 anhydrogalactose with occasional sulfation at position 6 of the anhydrogalactose residue. Agaro-oligosaccharides result from cleavage at galactose residues and neoagaro-oligosaccharides from cleavage at 3,6-anhydro residues. Neoagarotetraose is reported to have potential for novel cosmeceuticals.

<p>Sialylfucosyllacto-N-tetraose is a human milk oligosaccharide (HMO) and is present in lower concentrations than 2′-fucosyllactose. Sialylfucosyllacto-N-tetraose contains both nitrogen and sialic acid in its chemical structure. It has been demostrated that sialylfucosyllacto-N-tetraose in the HMO pool acts as a prebiotic, protects against infections and inflammation, modulates the immune system, supports brain development, and reduces the risk of necrotizing enterocolitis (Wiciński, 2020).</p>

Benzyl 4-O-(2,6-di-O-benzyl-b-D-galactopyranosyl)-2,3,6-tri-O-benzyl-D-glucopyranoside is a carbohydrate that belongs to the oligosaccharide class of saccharides. It is a synthetic compound with a CAS number (CAS No.: 128364-79-5) and a high purity. The carbohydrate has been synthesized by methylation, glycosylation, and click modification. Its chemical name is benzyl 4-[(2,6-di-[3'-O-(4,4'-dimethoxytrityl)butyldimethylsilyl]benzoyl)-a -D--galactopyranosyl]-2,3,6-[3'-O-(4',4''dimethoxytrityl)butyl]tri[3',5']

This is a custom synthesis, modification, and fluorination of a polysaccharide. The monosaccharide units are methylated and then modified with a click reaction. The saccharides are glycosylated with 2-O-a-D-mannopyranosyl moieties for the purpose of increasing their water solubility. This saccharide has been synthesized by the modification of an oligosaccharide that has been modified to include a hydroxyl group. The carbohydrate is complex and contains many different types of sugars including glucose, mannose, and galactose.

<p>Produced from starch; white hygroscopic spray-dried powder; easily digestible</p>

Unusual lactose sulphate isolated from canine milk (beagle-Canis familiaris), which does not appear to have previously been isolated from milk or other natural sources. The structure was established by 2D NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry.

<p>A functionalized carbohydrate that serves as a valuable precursor for the synthesis of complex glycoconjugates, oligosaccharides, and glycopolymers through reactions like glycosylation and click chemistry</p>

Glucotetraose (C) is a custom-synthesized carbohydrate that is modified with fluorine, methylation, and click modification. It is a monosaccharide with an Oligosaccharide chain of saccharides. This product has a purity of 99.5%.

<p>Milk oligosaccharide; antigen; expressed on gastric mucosa and cancer cells</p>

Core antigen fragment in ABO blood group system

Sucralose, an artificial sweetener, was discovered in a research programme supported by Tate & Lyle to halogenate sucrose. The majority of ingested sucralose is not broken down by the body, so it is noncaloric. In the European Union, it has been given the E number E955. Sucralose is about 320 to 1,000 times sweeter than sucrose, three times as sweet as both aspartame and acesulfame potassium, and twice as sweet as sodium saccharin.  It is stable under heat and over a broad range of pH conditions. Therefore, it can be used in baking or in products that require a long shelf life. The commercial success of sucralose-based products stems from its favorable comparison to other low-calorie sweeteners in terms of taste profile, stability, and safety.

Agarose is a polysaccharide found in red algae, typically Gelidium and Gracilaria. It is a strictly alternating polysaccharide of α-1,3 linked D-galactose and β-1,4 linked L-3,6 anhydrogalactose with occasional sulfation at position 6 of the anhydrogalactose residue. Agaro-oligosaccharides result from cleavage at galactose residues and neoagaro-oligosaccharides from cleavage at 3,6-anhydro residues. Neoagarodecaose is reported to have potential for novel cosmeceuticals.

Trehalulose is a sugar that is found in plants, animals, and fungi. It is a reaction product of glucose with the enzyme trehalase, which cleaves off two molecules of water to form one molecule of glucose and one molecule of trehalulose. Trehalulose has been shown to be an inhibitor of phosphofructokinase, an enzyme involved in glycolysis. This inhibition can be reversed by the addition of ATP or pyruvate kinase. Trehalulose also has been shown to inhibit the growth of cells by interfering with protein synthesis. Trehalulose may have biological functions including dietary uses as a replacement for sucrose or lactose due to its low calorie content and high level of sweetness.br>br> Trehalulose is structurally similar to sucrose because it has both a glucose part and a fructose part and it will react with hydrogen fluoride (HF) in dry weight reactions, forming trehalo-s

Galactooligosaccharides (GOS) have a sweetness of 30–60 % relative to sucrose. They have applications in a wide range of food products such as sweeteners, bulking agents, and sugar substitutes and are found in a range of product types including bread, ‘sports’ drinks, jams, fermented milk, confectionary and desserts. In Europe they are incorporated into infant formula foods.

<p>Core antigen fragment in ABO blood group system</p>

Tumor associated antigen and target for the development of anti-cancer vaccines

Core antigen fragment in ABO blood group system

<p>Monosialyl, monofucosyl-(1-2)-lacto-N-hexaose is a synthetic, fluorinated monosaccharide that is used to modify complex carbohydrates. It can be used for the synthesis of oligosaccharides and polysaccharides with a variety of sugar modifications. Monosialyl, monofucosyl-(1-2)-lacto-N-hexaose has the CAS Registry Number 111832-43-9.</p>

4-O-{4-O-[[2,4-Di-O-acetyl-3-O-[2,4-di-O-(3,4,6-tri-O-acetyl-2-deoxy-2--phthalimido--bD--glucopyranosyl)-3,6--di--O--benzyl aDmannopyra nosyl]-6--O-[3,4--di--O--acetyl 2,6--di--O-(3,4,6--tri - O - acetyl 2 - deoxy 2 - phthalimido bDglucopyranosyl) aDmannopyranosyl] } is a synthetic complex carbohydrate. It is an oligosaccharide that can be used in glycosylation reactions. This carbohydrate has been custom synthesized and modified to include methyl groups. The CAS number for this compound is 9461642899.

4-O-(b-D-Glucopyranosyl)-b-D-thioglucopyranose is a methylated, saccharide. It is a polysaccharide that can be modified with Click chemistry to introduce a variety of modifications in order to make it more suitable for different applications. This compound may be glycosylated or fluorinated for use in pharmaceuticals, as well as have its carbohydrate content modified. 4-O-(b-D-Glucopyranosyl)-b-D-thioglucopyranose is used as a synthetic sugar and is CAS No. 97787-84-5.

Sialylated oligosaccharide with the ability to inhibit angiogenesis and tumour development by binding to the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor VEGFR-2. Moreover, sialylated N-glycans in intestinal epithelium of chickens were found to carry terminal sialylgalactose, which interacts with influenza viruses during early stages of infection.

<p>Heparin is a glycosaminoglycan which is a complex carbohydrate that contains repeating disaccharide units of glucosamine and N-acetylglucosamine. Heparin has been shown to inhibit the activity of bacterial enzymes involved in fibrinolysis, such as plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1), and may act as an anticoagulant. Heparin is often used as an anticoagulant in patients with thrombotic disorders, including deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, or heart attack. Heparin also acts as a cofactor for the activation of clotting factors II (thrombin), VII, IX, X, XI and XII. In addition, it inhibits the activation of factor XIII by preventing its conversion from its inactive form into active factor XIIIa. The molecular weight of heparin is approximately 10 kilodaltons (kDa) and it has a molecular formula</p>

Used for structural and conformational studies and as enzyme substrates

<p>Cellotriose is a bifunctional sugar that can be chemically converted to cellobiose and D-cellopentaose. Cellotriose is a component of cellulose, which is the most abundant biopolymer on Earth. Cellotriose is a source of chitin, which is a major component of the exoskeleton of insects and crustaceans. The molecule has been observed using atomic force microscopy to have an amphiphilic nature, in that it has both hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions. Cellotriose has been synthesized in the laboratory for use as an artificial sweetener, but it does not taste as good as sucrose because it lacks the sweetness profile. When heated, cellotriose undergoes a color change from yellow to blue-green due to its ability to form hydrogen bonds with oxygen molecules. This property can be used as a colorimetric test for cellulase activity in solutions.</p>