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<p>4-Methoxyphenyl 4-O-{4-O-[[2-O-Ac-3-O-[2,4-di-O-(3,4,6-tri-O-Ac-2'-deoxy-[2,3]-Bn] -b'-DGlc]-3,6'-di-'O-[(3',4',6'-tri-'O-'Ac)-2'-deoxy-[2'', 3''] -Bn]-a'-DMan]] -b'-DMan]] -3,6'-di-'O-[(3',4',6'--tri-'O-'Ac)-2' ',' 3'' ',' 6'' '--Deoxy-[2' ', 3' ',' 4'' ', 6'' '--Bn] -a'-DMan]] -b' DMan]] -6'-Octaacetate], is a complex carbohydrate that has been modified with a methyl</p>

<p>6-O-Trityl-D-mannopyranose is a modified sugar that has been synthesized for use as a glycosylation agent. It is an O-glycoside of mannose and is usually used in the synthesis of complex carbohydrates. 6-O-Trityl-D-mannopyranose can be fluorinated, methylated, or click modified to produce desired derivatives. This product can also be used to modify saccharides or oligosaccharides.</p>

<p>This is a custom synthesis, modification, and fluorination of a polysaccharide. The monosaccharide units are methylated and then modified with a click reaction. The saccharides are glycosylated with 2-O-a-D-mannopyranosyl moieties for the purpose of increasing their water solubility. This saccharide has been synthesized by the modification of an oligosaccharide that has been modified to include a hydroxyl group. The carbohydrate is complex and contains many different types of sugars including glucose, mannose, and galactose.</p>

<p>Monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG) is a polyunsaturated fatty acid, specifically a galactolipid. MGDG is synthesized by plants and plays an important role in plant physiology. MGDG is involved in the regulation of transcription and translation and also has anti-cancer properties. It has been shown that MGDG can inhibit the proliferation of breast cancer cells such as MDA-MB-231 cells through its interactions with miR-205, a microRNA that regulates cellular growth, differentiation, and apoptosis. The biochemical properties of MGDG are similar to those of diacylglycerol (DAG), which is also involved in transcriptional regulation. It has also been shown that MGDG inhibits the growth of MDA-MB-231 cells when exposed to high salt concentrations.</p>

<p>Specific, potent and competitive inhibitor of α-L-fucosidase with Ki of 10 nM. In human breast cancer cells, it causes increase of fucosylation on cell surface molecules such as Lewis X antigen (CD15) and CD44 glycoprotein. The 1-deoxyfuconojirimycin treatment increases invasiveness of cancer cells.</p>

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<p>2,5-Deoxyfructosazine is a physiological agent that inhibits the growth of bacteria and fungi. 2,5-Deoxyfructosazine is active against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, as well as Candida albicans and other yeasts. This drug is effective in inhibiting water vapor loss in the lungs and has been shown to be an effective antimicrobial agent for the treatment of acute lung infections. 2,5-Deoxyfructosazine has been shown to reduce the development of antibiotic resistance in bacteria by preventing cell wall synthesis. The mechanism of action is thought to involve a matrix effect with cationic compounds, which are deposited on the surface of bacterial cells and destroy them by osmotic lysis. 2,5-Deoxyfructosazine also has antidiabetic effects due to its ability to inhibit glucose uptake into cells by binding to glucose transporters on the cell membrane. A reaction mechanism for this process involves hydrogen</p>

5-Keto-D-gluconic acid potassium salt is a custom synthesis of 5-keto-D-gluconic acid, which is a monosaccharide. It is modified with fluorination and methylation at the C5 position. The chemical formula for 5-keto-D-gluconic acid potassium salt is C6H7O6K2. This compound has been used in the synthesis of oligosaccharides, saccharides, and polysaccharides.

<p>It is a protected trisaccharide intermediate of 3'-Sialyl Lewis A (also known as 3'-SLa, 3'-sLeA or CA19-9). a tetrasaccharide carbohydrate antigen and a potential target for cancer immunotherapy.</p>

Scyllo-inositol is a sugar alcohol that is an effective inhibitor of inositol monophosphatase and phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase. It has been shown to inhibit the activity of these enzymes in a model system, which may be due to its structural similarity to inositol. Scyllo-inositol has also been shown to have physiological effects on cell lysis and metabolic disorders. The inhibitory properties of scyllo-inositol have been evaluated using microdialysis probes and x-ray crystal structures.

a-D-Glucoheptonic acid sodium salt dihydrate is a diagnostic agent that can be used to diagnose myocardial infarct. It is a glycol ether with a molecular weight of 168, which is used in the preparation of diagnostic agents for the detection of cardiac lesions. The compound is also used as an excipient in pharmaceutical preparations. In addition, it has been shown to have anti-inflammatory properties due to its ability to inhibit prostaglandin synthesis.

<p>Drug carrier for cancer therapy &amp; imaging, biocompatible, soluble, biodegradable</p>

Resource for synthesis of non-natural ManNAc analogs and mannosaminyl donors

<p>Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) is an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate to 1,3 bisphosphoglycerate. GAPDH is involved in glycolysis and the pentose phosphate pathway. It has been shown to be an important player in mediating cellular responses to hypoxia, inflammation, and oxidative stress. The glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase gene has been found to be mutated in a number of cancers including breast cancer and colon cancer. This gene also has a role in inflammatory lesion development as well as energy metabolism. GAPDH also participates in the biochemical reactions that lead to neuronal death during neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease.</p>

<p>2-C-Hydroxymethyl-D-ribose is a sugar that has been found in the cell wall of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It is also found in some other bacteria, such as Streptomyces coelicolor. 2-C-Hydroxymethyl-D-ribose may be involved in the synthesis of glycan and may have a role in the molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis pathway. This molecule has been shown to have acidic properties, which are most likely due to its hydroxyl groups. The 13C NMR spectrum for this compound shows three peaks at δ H = 138.2, 144.3, and 154.5 ppm corresponding to the ribofuranoside moiety. The skeleton of this molecule was rationalized by attaching an acetaldehyde group to the 2'-hydroxyl group on position C2 of ribose, which is consistent with the observed 13C NMR spectrum. This molecule has</p>

D-Iditol is a chromatographic stationary phase that is used for hydrophilic interaction chromatography. It is a polymer of 1,2-diols and long-chain fatty acids. D-Iditol has been shown to have long-term toxicity in rats and has been shown to be carcinogenic in mice. This substance binds to calcium stearate and forms ternary complexes with glutamate dehydrogenase and calcium stearate. The kinetic data on the formation of these complexes can be obtained using light signal detectors. D-Iditol also has an affinity for hydroxyl groups found in proteins, giving it the ability to bind to proteins such as glutathione reductase, cytochrome p450, mycobacterium, and erythrocytes.

<p>D-Cellotetraose tetradecaacetate is a complex carbohydrate that consists of a single sugar, D-cellotetraose. It is made up of four glucose molecules attached to each other by glycosidic bonds. The modification of this carbohydrate can be done by methylation and glycosylation. The synthesis of this molecule can be custom-made, as it is not found in nature. This product is high purity and has a CAS number: 83058-25-7.</p>

1,3,4,6-Tetra-O-acetyl-N-azidoacetylgalactosamine is an azido-tagged analogue of N-acetylgalactosamine. It features azide functionality on the N-acyl side chain and is acetylated to aid in cell membrane permeation. It is metabolised by mammalian cells and incorporated into mucin-type-O-linked glycoproteins. The azide functionality is exploited as a biorthogonal functional group that can be reacted with phosphine probes by the Staudinger ligation.

<p>Octyl a-D-thiomannopyranoside is an oligosaccharide which is a member of the mannose family. It is a high purity, custom synthesis that has been modified with fluorination and glycosylation. This product can be used for Click modification, fluoroethylation, methylation, and carbohydrate modification. Octyl a-D-thiomannopyranoside has CAS No. 163955-47-3 and is synthetically produced and can be used for oligosaccharide, monosaccharide, saccharide, carbohydrate complex carbohydrate research.</p>

<p>Methyl 3,5-di-O-(p-chlorobenzoyl)-2-deoxy-b-D-ribofuranoside is a synthetic oligosaccharide. It has been synthesized by the modification of the glycosylation site on an existing saccharide with a methyl group and fluorination at the 3’ position. This molecule is a monosaccharide with a p-chlorobenzoyl group attached to its 2’ position.</p>

<p>2-Azido-2-deoxy-(S)-3,4-O-phenylmethylene-D-arabinonic acid 1,5-lactone is a custom synthesis. It is a modification of the natural sugar arabinose. The chemical structure has been modified by fluorination and methylation. This product can be used in the synthesis of monosaccharide and saccharide oligosaccharides. 2-Azido-2-deoxy-(S)-3,4-O-phenylmethylene-D-arabinonic acid 1,5 -lactone is an organic compound that belongs to the group of carbohydrates and polysaccharides.</p>

<p>2-Acetamido-3,4,6-tri-O-acetyl-2-deoxy-α-D-galactopyranosyl-Fmoc threonine is a glycoside that has been synthesized on a solid phase. The synthesis of this compound has been accomplished by the stepwise addition of Fmoc protected amino acids to the growing peptide chain. Cleavage from the resin and deprotection of the side chains are followed by purification by RP HPLC.</p>

<p>L-Talose is a type of sugar that is found in plants and animals. It is a stereoselective, synthetic carbohydrate with the chemical formula C12H24O11. L-Talose has an anhydrous dextrose equivalent (DE) of 180. L-Talose is synthesized from D-glucal and D-talonol by a recombinant protein. The immobilization process has been shown to be successful for the production of L-talose as it prevents the loss of product due to adsorption on the surface of the reactor. Molecular modeling was used to determine that L-talose binds to carbonyl groups more strongly than other types of molecules. Anhydrous dextrose was shown to be an effective acceptor for L-talose because it reacts with hydroxyl groups at room temperature and pressure conditions. The nmr spectra show that the hydroxyl group interacts with hydrogen bonding and coordinate covalent bonding</p>

<p>4-Methoxyphenyl 2-acetamido-4-O-(2,3,4,6-tri-O-acetyl-b-D-glucopyranosyl)-3,6-di-O-benzyl-2,3′:6′,4′:5″,6′″:5″′:3″″:4″″′:5″″′:6′″′-[1]benzothiadiazole (MTBT) is a synthetic monosaccharide sugar that is modified to have a 1,2,3,4,5 and 6 benzothiadiazole group. MTBT is a complex carbohydrate that is synthesized through methylation of the sugar followed by a click modification. It has been used in the synthesis of oligosaccharides and polysaccharides.</p>

<p>6-O-(a-D-Galactopyranosyl)-b-D-thioglucopyranose is a complex carbohydrate that is used in the synthesis of oligosaccharides and polysaccharides. It can be modified with methyl groups, glycosylation, or click modification. This product has been fluorinated and is available in high purity.</p>

<p>2-Acetamido-3,4,6-tri-O-acetyl-2-deoxy-β-D-glucopyranosyl-Fmoc-asparagine is a synthetic oligosaccharide that has been modified with a fluorine atom at the 6 position. The acetamido group has been methylated and the sugar moiety is attached to an Fmoc group. The molecular weight of this compound is 1,000. It can be used for the synthesis of saccharides and polysaccharides by click chemistry or as a monosaccharide in carbohydrate research. 2AATGFFmocAsp can also be used for modification purposes with different reagents such as hydrazine, NIS, and TEMPO.</p>

<p>An α-anomer, obtained by crystallization at low temperature, can be dehydrated to stable form above 130°C or an unstable (hygroscopic) form at lower temperatures. An example of the applications for α-Lactose monohydrate is in dry powder inhalers.  These are devices that deliver medication to the lung in the form of a dry powder generating an aerosol directly from the drug powder or mixture, using an excipient such as lactose monohydrate.</p>

1,2,3,4,6-Penta-O-trimethylsilyl-a-D-galactopyranose is a modification of the sugar galactose. It is a complex carbohydrate and an oligosaccharide that has been custom synthesized. The molecular weight of 1,2,3,4,6-Penta-O-trimethylsilyl-a-D-galactopyranose is 592.77 g/mol. The purity of this compound is >99%. This compound has been fluorinated and saccharide methylated.

Poly-D-galacturonic acid methyl ester (PDGME) is a natural compound that has been shown to possess anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetic properties. PDGME has been shown to increase the expression of pro-apoptotic proteins in mouse macrophages, as well as inhibit the activity of toll-like receptor 4, which may be due to its ability to induce caspase-independent cell death. PDGME also inhibits the growth of Clostridium difficile and other bacteria by inhibiting their enzyme activities. PDGME is water soluble and can be used as a reagent for biochemical studies.

A MurNAc disaccharide

<p>Calcium-D-arabonate is a fatty acid that is used as a functional ingredient in the food industry. It has been shown to increase the rate of reactions, such as glycosidic bond cleavage and polymerization, by acting as an oxidation catalyst. This product also has a high molecular weight and can be used to modify the structure of polymers. Calcium-D-arabonate is often used in model systems because it reacts with other substances at a pH optimum of 6.0-7.5.</p>

5'-Hydroxypropranolol-b-D-glucuronoside is a synthetic glycosylate of 5'-hydroxypropranolol. It can be modified with fluorine, methyl or click chemistry. The chemical name is O-(2,3,4,5-tetrafluorobenzoyl)glycine and the CAS number is 878183-10-6. This compound has a molecular weight of 471.8 g/mol and an empirical formula of C14H9F5NO5. It can be used in the synthesis of oligosaccharides and polysaccharides.

Ethyl 3,6-di-O-benzyl-2-deoxy-2-N-phthalamido-β-D-thioglucopyranoside is a modification of 2,6 anhydro sugar. It is a white crystalline powder with a melting point of 142°C. This compound has been synthesized by the custom synthesis method and has been shown to be high purity. It has also been methylated and glycosylated. The molecular weight of this compound is 572.81 g/mol.

Precursor for the synthesis of nucleotides;

<p>Dodecyl maltoside (DDM) is a non-ionic detergent that consists of a hydrophilic maltose head and a hydrophobic long chain alkyl tail. It has a relatively low critical micelle concentration of 0.17 mM and is considered a gentle but powerful detergent. DDM is often the best tool for solubilising/crystallising membrane proteins. Membrane proteins usually have α-helical structures that are easily destroyed when the protein is released from its membrane environment. DDM can often preserve these structures during the solubilisation. In addition, membrane proteins can often be renatured when isolated with DDM.</p>

Blood group antigen derivative for biochemical research

<p>Gum ghatti is an exudate gum from the tree Anogeissus latifolia found in India and Sri Lanka. Applications are similar to Gum arabic in the food and pharmaceutical industries, where it is used as an emulsifier. The polysaccharide is reported to have an extremely complex structure which contains both oligosaccharides and polysaccharide elements. The polysaccharide contains Ara, Gal, Man, GlcA and Rha in a molar ratio of 61:39:6:10:6, a backbone of (1,6)-linked β-D-galactopyranosyl units and side chains of L-arabinofuranose units with some (1,4)-D-glucopyranosyluronic acid units, some joining (1,2)-D-mannopyranosyl units.</p>

Mixed DP 7/8 Na galacturonans (α-1,4 galacturonoheptoses and octaoses), are derived from pectin or pectic acid, by enzymatic or partial acid hydrolysis. They are used in galacturonic acid metabolism research as a substrate to identify, differentiate, and characterized endo- and exopolygalacturonase(s), and gluconase(s). The addition of very short fragments of homogalacturonan oligosaccharides, restores development in dark-grown, de-etiolated seedling mutants, suggesting that they are unable to generate de-methylesterified pectin fragments. A model of spatiotemporally separated photoreceptive and signal-responsive cell types has been proposed, that contains overlapping subsets of the regulatory network of light-dependent seedling development.

2,3,4,6-Tetra-O-pivaloyl-β-D-glucopyranoside is a carbohydrate modified with fluorination and methylation. It is also a synthetic oligosaccharide that has been glycosylated. This product can be custom synthesized to meet your needs. We offer high purity and custom synthesis for this product.

Zomepirac-acyl-b-D-glucuronide is a metabolite of the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug zomepirac. It binds to plasma proteins, which may affect its pharmacokinetics. Zomepirac-acyl-b-D-glucuronide is excreted in the urine and may be bound to fatty acids. The drug has been shown to form covalent adducts with lysine residues in humans, which may result in potential interactions with other drugs or increased toxicity. The drug has been studied in clinical pharmacology studies that show no significant adverse effects in humans. This metabolite has also been shown to have fatty acid binding properties, which may affect its pharmacokinetics and metabolism.

<p>Beta-cyclodextrin (β-CD) is a cyclic oligosaccharide composed of seven glucose units, characterized by a hydrophilic exterior and a lipophilic cavity (bigger than α-CD and smaller than γ-CDs), which allows it to encapsulate various guest molecules such as curcumin. This structural feature facilitates its use in multiple applications, including pharmaceuticals, food enhancement, and cosmetics. In the pharmaceutical industry, it enhances the solubility and stability of poorly water-soluble drugs, improving their bioavailability and efficacy while also masking unpleasant tastes. The food sector utilizes it as a stabilizer for flavors, colors, and nutrients, extending shelf life by protecting sensitive ingredients from degradation. In cosmetics, it serves as a complexing agent for fragrances and active components, ensuring their stability and controlled release. Its use expands to many other fields, including nanotechnology for drug delivery systems, environmental remediation for extracting organic pollutants, textiles for slow-release fragrances, and analytical chemistry for chiral separation.</p>

<p>Dextran sulphate is a dextran derivative whose ulcer (colitis) -causing properties were first reported in hamsters and extrapolated a few years later to mice and rats. The exact mechanisms through which dextran sulphate induces intestinal inflammation are unclear but may be the result of direct damage of the monolayer of epithelial cells in the colon, leading to the crossing of intestinal contents (for e.g. commensal bacteria and their products) into underlying tissue and therefore induction of inflammation.  The dextran sulphate sodium-induced ulceration model in laboratory animals has some advantages when compared to other animal models of colitis due to its simplicity and similarities to human inflammatory bowel disease. <br>MW is in the range of 40,000Da</p>

‘Water kefir’ is a home-made beverage, which was thought to contain significant amounts of bacterial exopolysaccharides. It has now been reported that the exopolysaccharide fraction of this material contains dextrans with similar structures, having a number of (1,3) linkages, branched at positions O3 and position O2 and with a wide range of molecular weights.  In addition, it was shown that a small amount of levan is also present.

<p>3-(b-D-Glucopyranosyl)-D-mannose is a sugar that is a component of the complex carbohydrate called glycosaminoglycan. It can be used in the synthesis of oligosaccharides and monosaccharides or as a modification to saccharides. 3-(b-D-Glucopyranosyl)-D-mannose is synthesized through Click modification with fluorination, glycosylation, and methylation. This sugar has CAS No. 27212-79-4 and molecular weight of 360.3 g/mol.</p>

<p>3,5-Dimethyl-D-fructose is a glycosylation product of 3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxybenzoic acid and D-glucose. It can be synthesized by the reaction of 3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxybenzoic acid with D-glucose in the presence of sodium cyanoborohydride. This product has been used as a reactant in click chemistry and as a fluorinating agent for saccharides. 3,5-Dimethyl-D-fructose is a custom synthesis that can be ordered in high purity at CAS No. 52674-57-6.br&gt;br&gt;<br>3,5 - Dimethyl - D - fructose <br>is an oligosaccharide that is used as an intermediate in the synthesis of other sugars. This product has been shown to have antiinflammatory properties due to its inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis.br</p>

<p>Xylitol is a sugar alcohol that has been shown to have antimicrobial properties. It is also used as a sweetener in chewing gum and toothpaste. Xylitol inhibits the growth of bacteria by binding to the enzyme adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthase, which is required for energy metabolism. The binding of xylitol to ATP synthase prevents the formation of ATP and blocks bacterial growth, leading to cell death. Xylitol can be produced from xylose, a sugar found in plants and animals, through biochemical reactions that are catalyzed by enzymes such as xylitol dehydrogenase and xylulokinase. This process is anaerobic and does not require oxygen or organic nutrients. Xylitol has been shown to have physiological effects on wild-type strain bacteria such as Aerobacter aerogenes.</p>

<p>A partially methylated glucose with the anomeric position free</p>

<p>Phenyl b-L-thiofucopyranoside is a custom-synthesized, fluorinated, modified sugar that is used in the synthesis of oligosaccharides and polysaccharides. This compound is an excellent choice for methylation reactions due to its high reactivity and stability under harsh conditions. Phenyl b-L-thiofucopyranoside can be used as a precursor for the synthesis of saccharide derivatives, such as monosaccharides and complex carbohydrates. It has been shown to be stable to heat and pH extremes, making it ideal for use in organic syntheses.</p>

<p>3,4-Di-O-acetyl-D-arabinal is a spiroketal monofluoride that is known to be an efficient method for the synthesis of β-unsaturated aldehydes. It can be prepared by the hydration of enantiopure allyl chloroformate followed by reductive elimination with triflic acid and acidic hydrolysis. 3,4-Di-O-acetyl-D-arabinal has been used in the synthesis of biologically active molecules such as polyketides, peptides and natural products.</p>

<p>1,2,3,4,6-Penta-O-acetyl-b-D-glucopyranose, also known as beta-D-glucose pentaacetate, has high chemical stability and long shelf life. This protected form of glucose is a key building block of any chemical synthesis of glucose-containing oligosaccharides or glycoconjugates. In the presence of Lewis acids it can be used as a glycosyl donor to make simple glycosides. In order to perform more complex glycosylations, it can be converted into more reactive donors, such as glycosyl halides or thioglycosides. Beta-D-glucose pentaacetate is also used as a food additive and flavouring agent.</p>

Tetrasaccharide associated with the glycolipid globoside

<p>This product is a custom synthesis. The chemical formula for this product is C8H11N2O4. This product has the molecular weight of 272.24 g/mol and the molecular formula is C8H11N2O4. This product is synthesized from 3-acetamido-1-benzylazetidine-2R,4S-diyl bis(methylene) diacetate monohydrate. It can be fluorinated, glycosylated, methylated, modified and oligosaccharide or monosaccharide saccharides. This product can be used in various fields such as pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, food additives, cosmetics and so on.</p>

Click reagent for metabolic labeling of GalNAc

1-Deoxy-3,4-O-isopropylidene-D-erythro-2-pentulose is a sugar that can be custom synthesized. It has a high purity and can be used in synthesis, glycosylation, methylation, or modification of saccharide. It has many uses in the field of chemistry and is an important building block for complex carbohydrates. 1-Deoxy-3,4-O-isopropylidene-D-erythro-2 pentulose can be found on the CAS registry number:

1,2,3,4-Tetra-O-acetyl-β-D-mannopyranose is a fluorinated monosaccharide that has been synthesized. It is a complex carbohydrate with the molecular formula C12H24O8 and a molecular weight of 256.24 g/mol. 1,2,3,4-Tetra-O-acetyl-β-D-mannopyranose has been modified with glycosylation and polysaccharides to create a click modification. It can be used in custom synthesis and provides high purity.

<p>Methyl 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzyl-D-glucopyranoside is a glucopyranoside that has been chemically modified with an allyl group and an azide group. It is also the anomeric form of methyl 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzyl-β-D-glucopyranoside. The modification of the sugar moiety offers a new approach to synthesize β-linked D-, L-, or D/L-(2,3,4,6)-linked glycosides. This chemical modification is unambiguously determined by nmr analysis and alkene formation.</p>

Fucosylation inhibitor

<p>2,3,5-Tri-O-benzyl-b-D-ribofuranose is a synthetic monosaccharide that is used in the synthesis of complex carbohydrates such as glycosylation and polysaccharides. One use for this chemical is to modify the sugar moiety with methyl groups, yielding 2,3,5-tri-O-methyl b-D-ribofuranose. This modification helps prevent the sugar from being metabolized by enzymes in the body. The chemical can also be fluorinated to yield 2,3,5-trifluoro b-D-ribofuranose.</p>

<p>Carageenan is a mixture of gelling sulphated galactans extracted from red algae (typically Euchuma cottonii, Euchuma spinosum Mastocarpus stellata and Chondrus crispus). The structure of all carrageenans consists of a strictly alternating masked repeating unit of 1,3 linked α-D-galactose and 1,4 linked β-D-galactose with variable proportions of sulphate. The α-linked galactose residue occurs as α-3-6-anhydro-2-sulphate.<br>The images were kindly provided by Prof Mike Guiry from Cork who runs ‘The Seaweed Site’.</p>

2-Acetamido-2-deoxy-L-mannopyranose is a sugar that is synthesized by the enzyme arabinofuranosidase. This enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of arabinose to form 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-l-mannopyranose. The enzyme has been shown to be thermostable and can be used as an acceptor for other enzymes, such as glycosyltransferases and glucosidases. The biosynthesis of 2-acetamido-2-deoxymannopyranose starts with l -arabinose, which is converted into d -arabinose by the action of aldaribinofuranosidase, followed by conversion into 2 acetamido--2 deoxymannopyranose by the action of arabinofuranosidase. Mutations in these enzymes have been found to affect the stereospecific

<p>(2S,3S,4S)-N-Ethyl-2-hydroxymethyl-3,4-pyrrolidinediol is a synthetic sugar that is commonly used in the synthesis of polysaccharides. It can also be used as a reagent for methylation and glycosylation reactions. This compound is available as a pure white powder with a melting point of 130°C to 135°C. (2S,3S,4S)-N-Ethyl-2-hydroxymethyl-3,4-pyrrolidinediol has been shown to be reactive with saccharide and polysaccharide substrates. Click modification can be performed on this product to make it reactive with other molecules or compounds. The purity of this compound exceeds 99%.</p>

Heparin disaccharide I-A trisodium salt is an oligosaccharide that is a synthetic and modified form of heparin. It is used as a pharmaceutical agent to prevent coagulation, and in the treatment of thrombosis, deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, and other cardiovascular diseases. This product has been custom synthesized for the modification of sugar structures, fluorination, methylation, sugar modification and click chemistry.

7-Deoxy-3,4:5,6-di-O-isopropylidene-D-glycero-L-ido-heptitol is an oligosaccharide that can be custom synthesized. It has a number of applications in the chemical and pharmaceutical industries. 7DGILH is a modified sugar used as a building block for complex carbohydrate synthesis. This sugar can be fluorinated to form a variety of products with different properties. 7DGILH can also be used as a monomer to produce saccharides with modifications such as methylation or click modification.

Used as enzyme substrates, analytical standards and for in vitro diagnostics

Dextran sulphate is a dextran derivative whose ulcer (colitis) -causing properties were first reported in hamsters and extrapolated a few years later to mice and rats. The exact mechanisms through which dextran sulphate induces intestinal inflammation are unclear but may be the result of direct damage of the monolayer of epithelial cells in the colon, leading to the crossing of intestinal contents (for e.g. commensal bacteria and their products) into underlying tissue and therefore induction of inflammation.  The dextran sulphate sodium induced ulceration model in laboratory animals has some advantages, when compared to other animal models of colitis, due to its simplicity and similarities to human inflammatory bowel disease.

<p>Myoinositol is a cyclitol and a member of the group of hexahydroxycyclohexanes. It is found in many plants and animals, especially in brain tissue, and plays an important role as a component of cell membranes. Myoinositol has been shown to inhibit cellular glycosidases, which are enzymes that break down complex sugars. In addition, myoinositol has been shown to have anti-cancer properties. Myoinositol is used as an analytical reagent in phase chromatography to separate molecules based on their hydrophobicities. 1-D-3-Deoxy-myo-inositol also has corrosion inhibition properties and can be used as a pesticide or agrochemical.</p>

<p>Isorhamnetin 3-O-galactoside is a flavonoid derivative that is found in plant tissue. It has antioxidant properties and has been shown to inhibit leucaena seed germination, growth, and the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Isorhamnetin 3-O-galactoside can be extracted from fruit by using an aqueous solution of potassium hydroxide. It is also used as a dietary supplement for its potent inhibitory activity on ROS. Isorhamnetin 3-O-galactoside is found in plants with other flavonoids such as quercetin and kaempferol. The chemical structure of this compound consists of a hydroxyl group at the C3 position and an O-glycosidic linkage to galactose at the C2 position. This compound can be detected by mass spectrometric methods such as electron ionization or electrospray ionization because it</p>

<p>3-(2,3,5-Tri-O-benzyl-1-b-D-ribofuranosyl)benzamide is a sugar derivative with the chemical formula C14H19N5O6. This compound belongs to the group of saccharides and is a synthetic glycoside. 3-(2,3,5-Tri-O-benzyl-1-b-D-ribofuranosyl)benzamide is used in the synthesis of oligosaccharides and polysaccharides for use in medical applications. It can be custom synthesized and has a purity level of &gt;99%.</p>

<p>(1S) -1- [(2S, 3R) - N-Butyl-3- hydroxy- 1- azetidinyl] -1, 2- ethanediol is a synthetic carbamate which is a modification of the sugar D-glucose. It has been fluorinated at the C4 position and glycosylated at the C2 position. This compound is also methylated at the C3 position. (1S) -1- [(2S, 3R) - N-Butyl-3- hydroxy- 1- azetidinyl] -1, 2- ethanediol has CAS number 7145636 and has been custom synthesized to be high purity and with custom synthesis modifications.</p>

Methyl 6-chloro-6-deoxy-a-D-glucopyranoside is a custom chemical synthesis that can be modified, fluorinated, methylated, monosaccharide and polysaccharide. It is an oligosaccharide sugar with CAS No. 4144-87-0. This chemical is synthesized by glycosylation of the saccharide.

1-(2,2,2-Trifluoro-N-phenylethanimidate)-2,3,4-tri-O-acetyl-D-glucopyranuronic acid methyl ester is a methylated variant of an oligosaccharide. It has been synthesized by the click modification of an oligosaccharide with a monosaccharide and a fluorinated saccharide. This compound has been shown to have antiviral activity against the influenza virus in vitro. The antiviral activity may be due to its ability to inhibit the viral polymerase and RNA synthesis or to prevent virus assembly and release.

2,3,4-Tri-O-benzyl-D-glucopyranose is a thioglucoside that can be synthesized from D-glucose and benzyl bromide. This compound is a protonated nucleophile with a hydroxyl group that can interact with the sulfur of a thiol or disulfide group. The interaction between 2,3,4-tri-O-benzyl-D-glucopyranose and S. aureus has been shown to be dependent on the concentration of 2,3,4 tri O benzyl glucopyranose. The reaction between this compound and oligosaccharides led to the formation of dioxane ring structures that were hydrophobic.

<p>Synthetic building block</p>

D-Mannuronic acid (ManA) is a hexuronic acid having the CH2OH at C5 of mannose replaced by a carboxyl group (Collins, 2006). The major source of D-mannuronic acid is the polysaccharide, alginic acid, found in brown seaweeds (Phaeophyceae). The polysaccharide is a linear glycuronan consisting of (1+4)-linked residues of D-mannuronic acid and L-guluronic acid arranged in a block fashion in the polymer chain, with blocks containing one type of residue being separated by segments in which the two residues aIternate (Percival, 1967). In addition to algal sources, two genera of bacteria have been shown to secrete alginate-like polysaccharides, Pseudomonas and Azotobacter. Most of the research into bacterial alginate biosynthesis has been conducted on the opportunistic human pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa or the soil dwelling Azotobacter vinelandii. In both cases, bacterial alginate is partially acetylated (Hay, 2013).

<p>5-Deoxy-5-fluoro-D-galactose is an oligosaccharide that can be used as a custom synthesis. It is a modification of the natural monosaccharide D-galactose. 5-Deoxy-5-fluoro-D-galactose has the following chemical structure:</p>

<p>2-Formylphenyl 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-b-D-glucopyranoside is a natural product of the gentisyl family. It is synthesized from benzyl alcohol and acetic anhydride. This compound has been shown to have anticancer properties in animal studies. The acetyl groups are thought to be responsible for the cytotoxicity of this compound. Salireposide is one such analog that has been shown to inhibit protein synthesis and induce apoptosis in cancer cells.</p>

<p>A custom synthesis of (3r,4s)-3,4-Bis-benzyloxymethyl-oxetane-2-one 2-hydrate is a modification of a complex carbohydrate. This compound is synthesized from an oligosaccharide and has the molecular formula C14H15O2. The molecular weight for this compound is 256.24 g/mol. This compound is soluble in water and has a melting point of 80°C. It can be used as a sugar or a polysaccharide in glycosylation reactions. This compound also has fluorination and saccharide functionalities that can be used in methylation reactions to produce methylated sugars or monosaccharides.</p>

<p>Iota-Carageenan is a gelling sulphated galactan extracted from red seaweed (typically Euchuma cottonii and Euchuma spinosum). The structure of all carrageenans consists of a strictly alternating masked repeating unit of (1,3) linked α-D-galactose and (1,4) linked β-D-galactose. The α-linked galactose occurs as a 3,6-anhydro-2-sulphate unit and the β-linked sugar occurs as the 4-sulphate.<br>The image was kindly provided by Prof Mike Guiry from Cork who runs ‘The Seaweed Site’.</p>

<p>Non-reducing storage and transport sugar in woody plants; used as a sweetener</p>

2-Deoxy-3,4,6-tri-O-pivaloyl-D-glucopyranosyl amine is a custom synthesis that has been fluorinated and modified. It has been synthesized for use in the production of oligosaccharides and polysaccharides. This compound is a monosaccharide with a CAS number of 1338226-07-5. It can be used to produce complex carbohydrates. 2DGPA can be used as an intermediate in the synthesis of saccharides or sugars.

<p>1,3,4,6-Tetra-O-acetyl-2-azido-2-deoxy-L-mannopyranose is a carbohydrate that is synthesized by the modification of the glycosylation process. It is a methylated and fluorinated oligosaccharide with a high purity. This product is available for custom synthesis in order to meet specific customer requirements.</p>

<p>5-Deoxy-5-fluoro-1,2-O-isopropylidene-D-iduronic acid is a custom synthesis of oligosaccharide. It is a glycosylation that has been modified with fluorination, methylation, and click modification. This complex carbohydrate has an CAS number. The molecular weight of this polysaccharide is not determined. 5D5FIA3L is a saccharide sugar that has the ability to form glycosidic bonds with other saccharides and proteins in the body. This property makes it an important component in the human diet as well as in biochemistry and structural biology research.</p>

<p>D-Sedoheptulose 7-phosphate lithium (DSDP) is a substance that is used in the synthesis of ribulose. It provides the carbonyl group for the synthesis of acetyl-CoA and plays an important role in energy metabolism. DSDP has been shown to be effective against streptococcus faecalis, which may be due to its ability to inhibit protein synthesis by binding to ribulose phosphates, thereby preventing the production of ATP. DSDP also inhibits cellular transformation, which may be due to its ability to bind with DNA and block RNA synthesis. In vitro studies have shown that DSDP can inhibit both Streptococcus faecalis and Escherichia coli at concentrations below 10 mM. These effects are likely mediated by enzymatic activities that are involved in bacterial cell physiology.</p>

1,2,4,6-Tetra-O-acetyl-b-D-glucopyranose is a synthetic sugar that can be used in the synthesis of oligosaccharides and polysaccharides. It is a high purity product with a purity of >99% by weight. This product is also available as a custom synthesis.

1-Methyl-2,3-O-isopropylidene-1,4-dideoxy-1,4-imino-1-N-dehydroDribitol (LMDDR) is an oligosaccharide that can be synthesized by the modification of dideoxyribitol. LMDDR is a complex carbohydrate with a sugar chain and has a CAS number of 909703-52-2. This monosaccharide can be fluorinated to form 1-(trifluoromethyl)-2,3-O-[(trifluoromethyl)methylidene]-1,4dideoxy -1,4imino -Dribitol (TFMDDR). TFMDDR has been shown to have higher purity and better stability than LMDDR.

Beta-Cyclodextrin is a cyclic oligosaccharide with 7 D-glucose residues which are alpha-1,4-linked. beta-cyclodextrin is used in the food industry to encapsulate flavours and fragrances. Beta-cyclodextrin can increase the water solubility of compounds, such as curcumin; further, the cyclodextrin-curcumin complex also allows for a controlled, sustainable release in a wound healing study.

<p>1-Deoxy-3,4-O-isopropylidene-6-O-tert.butyldimethylsilyl-D-tagatose (1DOP) is a carbohydrate that can be used in the synthesis of oligosaccharides and polysaccharides. It is a synthetic monosaccharide that has been modified with fluorine and methyl groups to increase its stability. 1DOP can be reacted with other sugars like glucose or mannose to form glycosidic linkages. The resulting product is called an oligosaccharide, which can then be further modified by adding more sugar residues to form a polysaccharide.</p>

Gycosaminoglycan in many organs; joint lubricant and shock absorber

<p>Isolated from ivory-nut mannan hydrolysates</p>

<p>Chitosan is the deacetylated form of chitin.  The polysaccharide is deacetylated in order to render it soluble, which is then possible at pH values of less than 7 (normally in dilute acid).  This then allows the material to be used in a number of industrial applications as a binder and film former.</p>

Heparin is a complex carbohydrate that has been modified by the addition of a sugar and a sulfate group. It is used in the treatment of thrombosis, deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, and other blood clots. Heparin disaccharide IV-S disodium salt (HDS) is an intravenous form of heparin that consists of sodium salts of two saccharides: heparin disaccharide and sodium disulfate. HDS has been shown to be more potent than unfractionated heparin in animal models, as well as being more effective in preventing clot formation in humans. This drug also exhibits less frequent side effects such as skin rash, itching, or hives.