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Competitive inhibitor of glucosylceramidase (GlcCer), which catalyses the first step in glycosphingolipid (GSL) synthesis. This compound is a promising candidate for substrate reduction therapy in Sandhoff disease, where it decreases the rate of GSL biosynthesis and counterbalances the impaired rate of ganglioside catabolism.

This beta-cyclodextrin (β-CD) derivative is a functionalized cyclic oligosaccharide composed of seven glucose units, characterized by a hydrophilic exterior and a lipophilic cavity (bigger than α-CD and smaller than γ-CDs), which allows it to encapsulate various guest molecules. This structural feature facilitates its use in multiple applications, including pharmaceuticals, food enhancement, and cosmetics. In the pharmaceutical industry, it enhances the solubility and stability of poorly water-soluble drugs, improving their bioavailability and efficacy while also masking unpleasant tastes. The food sector utilizes it as a stabilizer for flavors, colors, and nutrients, extending shelf life by protecting sensitive ingredients from degradation. In cosmetics, it serves as a complexing agent for fragrances and active components, ensuring their stability and controlled release. Its use expands to many other fields, including nanotechnology for drug delivery systems, environmental remediation for extracting organic pollutants, textiles for slow-release fragrances, and analytical chemistry for chiral separation.

2,5-Anhydro-1-O-trityl-D-mannitol is a complex carbohydrate with the molecular formula C6H14O6 that has been modified for use in glycosylation reactions. It is a type of sugar that can be modified to create desired properties and can be used as an alternative to other sugars such as glucose. 2,5-Anhydro-1-O-trityl-D-mannitol can be used in the synthesis of oligosaccharides and monosaccharides. This product is available in high purity and has a CAS number of 68774-48-1.

This gamma-cyclodextrin (γ-CD) derivative is a modified cyclic oligosaccharide composed of eight glucose units, featuring a larger cavity size than α- and β-cyclodextrins. This structural characteristic allows γ-CDs to form inclusion complexes with a wider range of guest molecules, making it particularly versatile in various industries. In the food sector, it is used as a carrier and stabilizer for flavors, fat-soluble vitamins, and polyunsaturated fatty acids, protecting volatile compounds from evaporation. In pharmaceuticals, it enhances the solubility and bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs and, thanks to its larger ring size, allows for the encapsulation of larger molecules or even entire drug molecules. γ-CDs and derivatives are also used for environmental remediation and, in analytical chemistry, for the extraction and concentration of target substances.

a-D-Glucuronic acid-1-phosphate is a substrate for alkaline phosphatase. It hydrolyzes phosphate esters and modifies inorganic phosphate, including pyrophosphate. It also catalyzes the hydrolysis of nucleotide monophosphates such as NADPH and UDPglucose to their respective diphosphates. This enzyme is not inhibited by inorganic phosphate, phosphatase, NADP+, or UDP-.

N-Propanoyl mannosamine is a biochemical that belongs to the group of glycoconjugates. It is an intracellular messenger that modulates the concentration of intracellular calcium and controls the release of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). N-Propanoyl mannosamine has been shown to stimulate axonal growth in cell culture, which is mediated by the polysialic acid receptor. This molecule also has a role in human osteoblast differentiation and bone formation.
N-Propanoyl mannosamine can be synthesized from dopamine and erythrose via a series of reactions involving acidification, oxidation, reduction, and decarboxylation. The synthesis of this molecule requires blood group O as an acceptor.

Ulvans are structural polysaccharides present in the cell walls of green algae such as Ulva armoricana, Ulva rotondata, Ulva rigida, Ulva lacterca and Ulva pertusa. They are highly sulphated and contain rhamnose 3-sulphate, xylose, xylose 2-sulphate, glucuronic acid and iduronic acid residues.  Ulvan has several potentially valuable functionalities such as gel formation for agricultural and food applications. It has also an anticoagulant, antioxidant, antihyperlipidemic and antitumor activities that are attractive for pharmaceutical applications.
The image was kindly provided by Prof Mike Guiry from Cork who runs ‘The Seaweed Site’.

D-Arabonic acid-1,4-lactone is a synthetic sugar that is modified to produce a variety of carbohydrates. This product can be used in the synthesis of oligosaccharides and monosaccharides. It is also used as a carbohydrate in the production of saccharide-based polymers, such as polysaccharides or polyols. This product has CAS number 2782-09-4 and a purity level of ≥99%.

D-ribono-1,5-lactone is a useful intermediate for the synthesis of bioactive compounds including antivirals.

Chitosan is the deacetylated form of chitin.  The polysaccharide is deacetylated in order to render it soluble, which is then possible at pH values of less than 7 (normally in dilute acid).  This then allows the material to be used in a number of industrial applications as a binder and film former.

Food additive, applied in pharmaceuticals and beauty products.

1,2,3-Tri-O-benzoyl-4,6-O-(4-methoxybenzylidene)-b-D-galactopyranose is a synthetic glycosylation product of 3,6-dideoxygalactose and 1,2,3,4,6-pentaacetyl bromide. It has been subjected to fluorination and methylation reactions. The compound has been found to be effective in the treatment of tuberculosis.

Polyguluronic acid is produced from alginates by partial hydrolysis and chromatography of brown algae such as Laminaria digitata, Ascophyllum nodosum and Fucus spp.
The image was kindly provided by Prof Mike Guiry from Cork who runs ‘The Seaweed Site’.MW is ca 6000 - 8000Da.poly-M levels are ca 3%

Sorbitol, also known as glucitol, occurs widely in plants, such as, the fruits of the Sorbus and Crataegus spp.  Commercially it is produced by the catalytic hydrogenation of glucose (Collins, 2006).  Sorbitol is approved as a sugar substitute with the E number 420 and has ‘generally recognized as safe’ status (GRAS) from the US Food and Drug Administration. It is about 60% as sweet as sucrose and is a mild laxative.  Sorbitol has a wide range of other functional properties, including: humectancy, plasticizing ability, non-cariogenicity, and good chemical stability in harsh conditions, such as, alkaline pH and heat. Toothpaste production is the second largest application of sorbitol, accounting for 50,000 tons a year in Western Europe alone.  Other important uses of sorbitol as a humectant, include: formulation of cough syrups, multivitamin preparations, emulsions, and suspensions (O’Neil, 2013).

2,3,6-Tri-O-acetyl-gamma-cyclodextrin is a custom synthesis of a cyclodextrin. This compound is fluorinated with trifluoromethanesulfonic acid to give the desired product. The methylation of the saccharide is accomplished by reacting it with methyl iodide and sodium hydroxide in an alcoholic solution. The sugar molecule is then glycosylated by reacting it with glycosylation reagent, such as cyanuric chloride or thionyl chloride. Click modification is achieved through the reaction of a glycosylated sugar molecule with azides. Polysaccharides are synthesized by combining glycosylated sugars and polymers into one molecule.BR> CAS No: 30786-38-0BR> Modification: Fluorination, Methylation, Monosaccharide, Synthetic, Click modificationBR> Oligosacchar

Methyl β-D-ribopyranoside is a sugar alcohol that belongs to the group of pentoses. It is a potential precursor for the synthesis of phosphite, which is a reactive anion used in organic chemistry. Methyl β-D-ribopyranoside has been shown to regulate the growth of bacteria and fungi by altering their metabolic pathways. This compound also has shown to be programmed death in certain bacterial strains, although it is not clear how it induces this programmed death. Methyl β-D-ribopyranoside can also affect the rhizosphere and can be used as a substrate for anions and sugar alcohols.

Glucose 6-phosphatase substrate

Ziyuglycoside I is a naturally occurring compound that has been shown to have physiological effects on skin cells. It has been found to bind to collagen and the matrix of skin cells, which may be its mechanism of action. Ziyuglycoside I also has an anti-inflammatory effect, which may be due to its ability to inhibit transcription-polymerase chain reactions (PCR). It has been shown to have antimicrobial activity against some strains of bacteria that are resistant to antibiotics such as erythromycin and tetracycline. Ziyuglycoside I has potential applications in the treatment of infectious diseases and inflammatory skin diseases.