Lípidos

Applications 13-Oxyingenol Dodecanoate is a diterpene compound with antinematodal activity. Derivative of Ingenol (I655795), the analogue of Ingenol 3-Angelate (I655800), which has anti-tumor activity when used topically for the treatment of actinic keratosis.
References Shi, J. et al.: Z. Naturforsch. C: J. Biosci., 63, 59 (2008); Ogbourne, S.M., et al.: Cancer. Res., 64, 2833 (2004); Zayed, S.M., et al.: J. Cancer. Res. Clin. Oncol., 127, 40 (2001);

Applications Isoallolithocholic Acid is used as a steroid compound as T regulatory lymphocyte modulators and uses for treatment of inflammatory or autoimmune disorders.
References Littman, D. R., et al.: PCT Int. Appl. 160pp. (2020)

Stability Hygroscopic
Applications A derivative of Deoxycholic acid (DC); the bile acid nor-DC showed considerable and continuing efflux into the perfusate; this involved mostly the unchanged acid. Nor-DC was not amidated but was metabolized to mostly ester glucuronides and hydroxylated derivatives.
References Haslewood, G., et al.: Biochem. J., 62, 637 (1956), Clayton, L. M., et al.: J. Pharmacol. Exp. Therap., 248, 1130 (1989), Aggarwal, S., et al.: Steroids, 57, 107 (1992), Batta, A., et al.: J. Lipid Res., 33, 1403 (1992),

Applications A triterpenoid known for its anti-inflammatory properties, is commonly present in several medicinal plants. Inhibits secretory phospholipase A2.
References Andrikopoulos, N., et al.: J. Med. Food, 5, 1 (2002), Lanteri, S., et al.: Food Chem., 76, 501 (2002), Rodriguez-Rodriguez, R., et al.: Br. J. Pharmacol., 155, 535 (2008), Sotiroudis, T., et al.: Eur. J. Nutr, 47, 69 (2008),

Applications 5β-Cholanic Acid-3α, 6β-Diol is a cholesterol derivative; Plasma lipophilic biomarkers in rats. Also, it is one of two major metabolites from the hydroxylation of hepatic lithocholic acid catalyzed by Cyp3a/Cyp3a11 enzymes in mice.
References Mayengbam, S., et al.: Eur. J. Nutr., 55, 1213-1223 (2016); Hrycay, E., et al.: Mol. Cell. Biochem., 389, 119-132 (2014)

Applications 1-Palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-rac-glycerol) Sodium Salt is useful for various surfactant applications.
References Mansour, H., et al.: J. Pharm. Sci., et al.: 96, 377 (2006); Dudia, A., et al.: Nano Lett., 8, 1105 (2008)

Applications 7ß-Hydroxycholesterol-d7 is a standard used in the simultaneous measurement of F2-isoprostane, hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid, hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid, and hydroxycholesterols in plasma and liver of hepatitis patients.
References Yoshida, Yasukazu., Analytical Biochemistry, 379, 105-115, (2008)

Applications A phytosterol found in canola oil, rapeseed oil, marine algae and shellfish. This compound has been shown to inhibit sterol Δ24-reductase, an enzyme involved in the mammalian cholesterol biosynthesis pathway.
References Bishop, G.J., et al.: Plant Cell Physiol. 42, 114, (2001), Fernandez, C., et al., Biochem. J. 366, 109 (2002),

Applications Stearoylcholine Chloride is used in the preparation of a viscoelastic-based surfactant as an oil displacement agent. Cationic lipid.
References Wang, K. et al.: RSC Adv., 6, 38437 (2016); Tarafdar, P. et al.: J. Phys. Chem., 117, 990 (2013);

Applications (±)-Tuberonic Acid can be used in biological activity and study for structure-activity relations of substituted, deleted or stereospecifically altered jasmonic acid in gene expression of barley leaves. It can be used and tested to find the structural requirements which induce the expression of jasmonate-responsive genes in barley.
References Miersch, O., et al.: Phytochemistry, 50, 353-361 (1998)

Applications 1-(2,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propan-1-one is an antioxidant and also has anti cancer effects on human breast cancer MCF-7 cells and Hep3B human hepatocellular carcinoma cells.
References Choi, Eun Jeong, et al.: Mol. Med. Rep., 9(1), 328-332 (2014);Choi, Eun Jeong, et al.: Onco.Lett., 6(6), 1784-1788 (2013);Choi, Eun Jeong, et al.: Inter. J.of Mol. Med., 31(3), 726-730 (2013)

Applications Phosphorylethanolamine is used in the synthesis of Sphingomyelin, a type of sphingolipid found in animal cell membrane.
Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package
References Myller, A.T. et al.: Appl. Surf. Sci., 257, 1616 (2010);

Applications The sodium salt hydrate form of rac-Glycerophosphoric acid (G601598), which is a useful research chemical found in bacterial communities.
References Wang, K.; et al.: Journal of Hazardous Materials, 360, 471 (2018).

Applications 5α-Cholestan-3β-ol is a carbon stanol formed from biohydrogenation of Cholesterol (C432501) in the gut. Studies have also examined the conversion of 5α-Cholestan-3β-ol catalyzed by 3-β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase of rat liver.
References Serizawa, S., et al.: J. Biochem., 92, 547 (1982); Shefer, S., et al.: J. Lipid. Rsch. 7, 763 (1966);

Applications Glycolithocholic Acid Sodium Salt is a bile salt and may induce calcium uptake in human erythrocytes.
References Oelberg, D.G., et al.: Hepatology, 7 245-52 (1987);

Applications (25R)-26-Hydroxy-cholest-4-en-3-one is an oxygenated sterol which has many important biological activities. (25R)-26-Hydroxy-cholest-4-en-3-one has been used as a reactant for the synthesis of other sterols.
References Li, S., et. al.: Chem. Phys. Lipids, 99, 33 (1999); Khripach, V., et. al.: Steroids, 70, 551 (2005)

Applications Ursodeoxycholic Acid (U850000) derivative. 24-norUrsodeoxycholic acid is superior to Ursodeoxycholic acid in the treatment of sclerosing cholangitis in Mdr2 (Abcb4) knockout mice.
References Seedorf, U., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 269, 21277 (1994), Stolowich, N., et al.: Biochemistry, 36, 1719 (1997),

Applications 24(R/S)-Hydroxycholesterol-d7 is used in the study of biochemical methods for quantitative detection of steroids containing quantitative charge tags and oxidizing agents and using mass spectroscopy for detection.
References Groffoths, Williams., US 20150233953, (2015)

Applications It is a potent and selective human CYP2C19 inhibitor.
References Suzuki, H., et al.: Drug Metab. Dispos., 30, 235 (2002), Robert, L., et al.: Drug Metab. Dispos., 31, 343 (2003),

Applications A labelled metabolite of Cholesterol (C432501).
References Marx, J., et al.: Science, 294, 508 (2001), Plosch, T., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 277, 33870 (2002), Lund, E., et al.: J .Biol. Chem., 278, 22980 (2003),

Applications A metabolite of Sertraline. N-Desmethyl sertraline is significantly less active analogue as compared to the methylated compound, Sertraline.
References Welch, W.M., et al.: J. Med. Chem. 27, 1508-1515 (1984)

Stability Temperature Sensitive
Applications Cell permeable lipid shown to mimic the effect of tumor-promoting phorbol diesters on mitogenesis and EGF binding and action in intact cells.
References Davis, R.J.: J. Biol. Chem., 250, 1562 (1985), Ferro, T.J., et al.: Am. J. Physiol., 264, L7 (1993), Natarajan, V., et al.: J. Lab. Clin. Med., 121, 337 (1993)

Impurity Ursodeoxycholic Acid EP Impurity D
Applications Ursocholic Acid (Ursodeoxycholic Acid EP Impurity D) is an Ursodeoxycholic Acid (U850000) impurity.
References Ward, A., et al.: Drugs, 1984, 27, 95 (1984), Sama, C., et al.: Clin. Drug Invest., 13, 192 (1997), Nobilis, M., et al.: J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 24, 937 (2001),

Applications Trestolone is a synthetic androgen used as a potential hormonal male contraceptive method that induces a state of termporary infertility.
References Garcia-Becerra, R., et al.: Reproduction., 143, 211 (2012); Attardi, B.J., et al.: J. Steroid. Biochem. Molec. Biol., 122, 212 (2010);

Applications Labelled Chenodiol (Chenodeoxycholic acid). A major bile acid in many vertebrates, occurring as the N-glycine and/or N-taurine conjugate. With other bile acids, forms mixed micelles with lecithin in bile which solubilize cholesterol and thus facilitates its excretion. Fcilitates fat absorption in the small intestine by micellar solubilization of fatty acids and monoglycerides. Anticholelithogenic. Epimeric with Ursodiol.
References Danzinger, et al.: N. Engl. J. Med., 286, 1 (1972), Iser, J.H., et al.: Drugs, 21, 90 (1981), Tint, G.S., et al.: Gastroenterology, 91, 1007 (1986),

Applications 3-Oxo-5β-cholanoic Acid is a steroid compound with pharmacological activity. It is a bile acid. Also used in the preparation of lithocholic acid derivatives used as proteasome regulators.
References Iqbal, M. et al.: Steroids. 53, 413 (1989); Deyashiki, Y. et al.: Biochm. J., 282, 741 (1992);

Applications A phospholipid drug with antineoplastic and antiprotozoal/antifungal properties, also acts as an Akt inhibitor, and under investigation as a potential therapy against HIV infection.
Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package
References Chugh, P., et al al.: Retrovirology, 5, 11 (2008), Dorio, T., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 52, 2855 (2008),

Impurity Ursodeoxycholic Acid EP Impurity A
Applications Chenodeoxycholic Acid (Ursodeoxycholic Acid EP Impurity A) is a major bile acid in many vertebrates, occurring as the N-glycine and/or N-taurine conjugate. With other bile acids, forms mixed micelles with lecithin in bile which solubilize cholesterol and thus facilitates its excretion. Facilitates fat absorption in the small intestine by micellar solubilization of fatty acids and monoglycerides. Anticholelithogenic. Epimeric with Ursodiol.
References Danzinger, et al.: N. Engl. J. Med., 286, 1 (1972), Iser, J.H., et al.: Drugs, 21, 90 (1981), Tint, G.S., et al.: Gastroenterology, 91, 1007 (1986),

Applications Ursodeoxycholic Acid-d4 is a deuterated form of Ursodeoxcholic Acid (U850000), which is used as an anticholelithogenic. Ursodeoxcholic Acid is an epimer with Chenodiol with respect to the hydroxyl group at C7. Ursodeoxycholic Acid-d4 was used as an internal standard for rapid quantification of bile acids by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.
References Tint, G.S., et al.: Gastroenterology, 91, 1007 (1986), Poupon, R.E, et al.: N. Engl. J. Med., 324, 1548 (1991), MacKenzie, P., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 283, 36205 (2008); Scherer, M., et al.: J. Chromatogr. B, 877, 3920 (2009(

Applications Stabilizer in manufacturing of vinyl polymers; intermediate in synthesis of glycerol, glycidyl ethers, and amines; additive for oil and synthetic hydraulic fluids; epoxy resin diluent.
Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package
References Hiles, R.A., et al.: Food Cosmet. Toxicol., 19, 347 (1981); Thompson, E.D., et al.: Food Chem. Toxicol., 22, 665 (1984);

Applications 1-O-Dodecylglycerol is a antibacterial agent which stimulates autolysin activity in Streptococcus faecium ATCC 9790. It is also found to be synergistic with amphotericin B against fungi.
References Ved, H., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 259, 8115 (1984); Haynes, M., et al.: Antimicro. Agents Chemother., 38, 1523 (1994)

Applications rac 3-Hydroxydecanoic Acid (cas# 5561-87-5) is a compound useful in organic synthesis.

Stability Air Sensitive
Applications (E)-3-(4-Hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)acrylaldehyde (cas# 4206-58-0) is a useful research chemical.

Applications 1,2-Dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-rac-(1-glycerol) (Sodium Salt), is used in the production of micelles, liposomes, and other type of artificial membranes.
References Rodrigues, C., et al.: Biophys. Chem, 94, 97 (2001); Van Dijck, P.W., et al.: Biochim. Biophys. Acta., 406, 465 (1975)

Applications Cholesterol 5alpha,6alpha-epoxide is used in the generation of oxysterols and in the studies of the biological significance of oxysterols.
References Lizard, G., et al.: Eur. J. Lipid Sci. Technol., 118, 135 (2016); Sabolova, M., et al.: J. Sci. Food Agric., 97, 5092 (2017); Bezine, M., et al.: Biochimie (2018)

Applications β-Sitosterol and β-sitosteryl-β-D-glucoside were isolated as analgesic constituents from the leaves of Mentha cordifolia Opiz.
References Tanaka, et al.: J. Biochem., 17, 483 (1933), Nigro, N.D., et al.: J. Natl. Cancer Inst., 69, 103 (1982),

Applications Aglicone of saponin dioscin. Diosgenin exists in some food supplements and herbal medicines and lowers plasma cholesterol by increasing fecal cholesterol excretion. It can be converted to Pregnenolone and Progesterone.
References Cayen, M., et al.: J. Lipid Res., 20, 162 (1979), Nervi, F., et al.: J. Clin. Invest., 74, 2226 (1984), Davis, H., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 279, 33586 (2004), Brown, J., et al.: Biochem. J., 406, 273 (2007),

Applications An oxygenated derivative of Cholesterol (C432501); an oxysterol. An inhibitor of human immunodeficiency virus replication in vitro. It induces apoptosis in human monocytic cell lines as well as inducing apoptosis in CEM cells associated with negative regulation of c-Myc.
References Aupeix, K. et al.: Immunobiology, 194, 415 (1995); Moog, C. et al.: Antivir. Chem, Chemother., 9, 491 (1998); Ayala-Torres, S. et al.: Exp. Cell Res., 246, 193 (1999);

Impurity Estradiol 17?-Hydroxy Impurity; Estradiol EP Impurity B; Ethinylestradiol EP Impurity L
Applications Estradiol (known as α-Estradiol or 17 α-Estradiol) is a biologically active estrogen in human breast cancer cells in tissue culture. 17-Εstradiol and its selective receptor, ER-X, are not part of a classical hormone/receptor endocrine system but of a system with important autocrine/paracrine functions in the developing and adult brain(1,2). 17-Estradiol may have enormous implications for hormone replacement strategies at the menopause and in the treatment of such neurodegenerative disorders as Alzheimer’s disease and ischemic stroke(3).This compound is a contaminant of emerging concern (CECs). Drinking water contaminant candidate list 3 (CCL 3) compound as per United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Environmental contaminants; Food contaminants.
References 1. Lievertz, R. et al.: J. Obstet. Gynecol. 1987 May;156(5):1289-932. Kuhnz, W. et al.: Arzneimittelforschung. 1993 Sep;43(9):966-73.3. Toran-Allerand, C. et al.: Endocrinology. 2005 Sep;146(9):3843-50.

Applications 1,2-Distearoyl-3-oleoyl-rac-glycerol is used in the study of leptin resistance at the blood-brain barrier.
References Banks, W., et al.: Diabetes, 53, 1253 (2004);

Applications 1,3-Dipalmitoyl-2-oleoyl Glycerol is a triglyceride found in oils from various natural sources such as palm kernels, sunflower seeds and soybean. 1,3-Dipalmitoyl-2-oleoyl Glycerol is used to study the effects of specific synthetic triglycerides on atherosclerosis.
References Kritchevsky, D. et al.: LIpids, 35, 621 (2000); Mayamol, P.et al.: J. Food Sci. Technol., 45, 305 (2008);

Applications Glyceryl derivative.

Impurity Lovastatin EP Impurity E; Lovastatin USP Related Compound A
Applications 4a,5-Dihydro Lovastatin (Lovastatin EP Impurity E; Lovastatin USP Related Compound A) is an impurity in Lovastatin (L472225) bulk drug.
References Bone, E.A., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 2, 223 (1992), Houck, A., et al.: Talanta, 40, 491 (1993),

Applications Labelled (-)-Norgestrel, an emergency contraceptive. Levonorgestrel is safe, tolerated and effective in emergency contraception in woman.
References Fotherby, K., et al.: J. Steroid Biochem., 19(1C), 817 (1983), Stanczyk, F. Z., et al.: Contraception, 42, 67 (1990), Bednarek, P., et al.: Drugs, 67, 2478 (2007),

Applications A Cholesterol (C432501) metabolite. Lathosterol (indicating cholesterol synthesis) and Sitosterol (indicating cholesterol absorption) also decreased with deteriorating health. Low Lathosterol, Sitosterol (S497050), and Cholesterol (C432501) predicted mortality additively and independently of each other.
References Chyou, P., et al.: Age Ageing, 29, 69 (2000), Schatz, I., et al.: Lancet, 358, 351 (2001), Bjorkman, M., et al.: Eur. J. Endocrinol., 158, 749 (2008),

Applications (+)-cis-Diltiazem-d3 HCl (acetoxy-d3) (CAS# 1217860-13-3) is a useful isotopically labeled research compound.

Applications (25R)-26-Hydroxycholesterol is a desmosterol metabolite that is found in the brain. 26-Hydroxycholesterol has been used as a biomarker for carbon cycling in the northwestern Mediterranean Sea.
References Meljon, A., et. al.: J. Lipid Res., 53, 2469 (2012); Christodoulou, S., et. al.: Marine Chem., 113, 25 (2009)

Applications A metabolite of Cholesterol (C432501). Cholesterol oxidation product having cytotoxicity effects.
References Higley, N., et al.: Food Chem. Toxicol., 22, 983 (1984), Emanuel, H., et al.: J. Food Sci., 56, 843 (1991), Kilsdonk, E., et al.: J. Lipid Res., 36, 505 (1995), Cantwell, H., et al.: Cell Biol. Toxicol., 14, 401 (1998),

Applications (S)-Equol and R-Equol are metabolites of the soy isoflavones Daidzein (D103500) and Genistein. Both have significant biological actions.
References Heinonen, S., et al.: Anal. Biochem., 274, 211 (1999), Setchell, K., et al.: J. Nutr., 132, 3577 (2002), Thigpen, J., et al.: Comp. Med., 53, 607 (2003), Yee, S., et al.: Food Chem. Toxicol., 46, 2713 (2008),

Applications 20(S)​-​Ginsenoside Rh1 is an anti-cancer agent found in the leaves of ginseng.
References Zheng, M. et al.: Biomed. Res., 26, 646 (2015);

Applications Bodipy C12-Ceramide is a fluorescent substrate used for enzyme assays.
References Arbeloa, T.L., et al.: Chem. Phys. Lett., 299, 315 (1999); Drummen, G.P.C., et al.: Free Radical Biol. Med., 33, 473 (2002),

Applications A mineralocorticoid that occurs in adrenal cortex. It acts as a precursor to Aldosterone (A514700).
References Bohl, C., et al.: J. Med.Chem., 47, 3765 (2004), Smith, J., et al.: Steroids, 73, 1160 (2008),

Applications A predominant, rather hydrophobic natural ceramide. Activates a cytosolic serine/threonine protein phosphatase in T9 cells; induces EGF receptor phosphorylation in A-431 cells; stimulates ceramide-activated protein kinase.
References Shoyama, Y., et al.: J. Lipid Res., 19, 250 (1978), Mathias, S., et al.: Proc. Natl. Sci. USA, 88, 10009 (1991), Dobrowsky, R.T., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 267, 5048 (1992)

Stability Light Sensitive
Applications A labelled vitamin precursor.

Applications 3-Hydroxy-7,12-diketocholanoic Acid is a bile acid salt as biosurfactants.
References Posa, M., et al.: Steroids, 86, 16-25 (2014)

Applications (+)-20-Hydroxyecdysone regulates gene transcription via a genomic pathway through a transcription complex that is formed.
References Liu, W. et al.: Endocrinol., 155, 1738 (2014); Wang, Q. et al.: Plant Physiol. Biochem., 84, 1 (2014);

Stability Light Sensitive, Moisture Sensitive, Temperature Sensitive
Applications 1-Stearoyl-2-linoleoyl-sn-glycerol is used in the study of the influence of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) on diacylglycerol phosphorylation in Swiss 3T3 cells. It is also a possible protein kinase C activator.
References MacDonald, M., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 263, 1575 (1988); Massayoshi, G., et al.: BBRC, 144, 598 (1987)

Applications An impurity of Calcitriol (C144500). The trans isomer of Calcitriol.
Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package
References Myrtle, J.F., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 245, 1190 (1970), Lawson, D.E.M., et al.: Nature, 230, 228 (1971), Norman, A.W., et al.: Science, 173, 51 (1971), Suda, T., et al.: Vitamins, 45, 175 (1972), Muindi, J.R., et al.: Clin. Pharmacol. Ther., 72, 648 (2002),

Stability Hygroscopic
Applications A cofactor in enzymatic acetyl transfer reactions. It is the source of the phosphopantetheine group that is added as a prosthetic group to proteins such as acyl carrier protein and formyltetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase.
References Strickland K.C. et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 285, 1627 (2010); Elovson J. et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 243, 3603 (1968);

Applications A metabolite of Cholesterol (C432501).
References Smith, L.L. et al.: J. Am. Chem. Soc., 100, 6206 (1978); Smith, L.L. & Kulig, M.J.: J. Am. Chem. Soc., 98, 1027 (1976); Fieser, L.F. & Stevenson, R.: J. Am. Chem. Soc., 76, 1728 (1954)

Applications Dehydro Androsterone is an Androsterone (A637535) analogue.
References Amann, R., et al.: Life Sci., 49, 849 (1991), Bevan, S., et al.: Br. J. Pharmacol., 107, 544 (1992), Baulieu, E., et al.: J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 81, 3147 (1996),

Applications Glycine conjugated Hyodeoxycholate, facilitates the biological transport of Hyodeoxycholate within the intestine
References Yang, L., et al.: Chem. Res. Toxicol. 21, 2280 (2008), Sato, H., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 51, 4849 (2008), Gnewuch, C., et al.: World J. Gastroenterol., 15, 3134 (2009),

Stability Hygroscopic
Applications sn-Glycero-3-phosphocholine-d9 is an isotope labelled analog of sn-Glycero-3-phosphocholine (G598700); a phospholipid and precursor in choline biosynthesis. sn-Glycero-3-phosphocholine is an intermediate in the catabolic pathway of phosphatidylcholine and is used as an nootropic.
References Schmidt, G., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 161, 523 (1945); Frattola, L., et al.: Curr. Ther. Res., 49, 683 (1991); Olson, D., et al.: Science, 270, 1967 (1995)

Applications A lipid biomarker for stable and unstable heart disease.
References Gaziano, J., et al.: Circulation, 96, 2520 (1997), Thomas, A., et al.: Anal. Chem., 82, 6687 (2010),

Applications (-)-Sweroside is an active ingredient of iridoid glycoside isolated from the flower buds of Lonicera japonica THUNB. (-)-Sweroside has shown anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities.
References Luo, Y., et. al.: Chem. Pharm. Bull., 57, 79 (2009); Keun, H., et. al.: Biosci. Biotech. Bioch., 74, 2022 (2010)

Stability Light Sensitive
Applications all-trans-Retinyl Stearate is used for the preparation of cosmetic and dermatological compositions.
References Marchetti, M., et al.: Drug Metab. Dispos., 25, 637 (1997), Barua, A., et al.: Mol. Biotechnol., 10, 167 (1998), Liu, L., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 280, 40226 (2005),

Applications A potential inhibitor of glutamate carboxypeptidase.
References Wolcott, T.G., et al.: Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 57, 709 (1974), Knowles, P.F., et al.: Eur. J. Biochem., 114, 139 (1981),

Stability Hygroscopic
Applications Colfosceril Palmitate is a major phospholipid constituent and primary surface tension lowering component of natural lung surfactant. Colfosceril Palmitate is used as pulmonary surfactant and diagnostic aid (fetal lung maturity).
References Cha, S., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 273, 2153 (1998), Pantusa, M., et al.: Biophys Chem., 114, 121 (2005), Pantusa, M., et al.: Eur. Biophys. J., 37, 961 (2008), Lautenslager, G., et al.: Metabolism, 60, 1683 (2011),

Applications 11-Dehydrocorticosterone is a precursor to corticosterone (C695700), converted by 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β-HSD1) which plays a role in glucocorticoid-induced insulin resistance.
References Morgan, S. et al.: Diabetes, 58, 2506 (2009);

Applications Glyceryl Monothioglycolate is used as an ingredient of hair permanent wave-setting or straightening agents.
References Kuzuhara, A.: Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho (2013), JP 2013249274 A 20131212.; Savaides, A., et al.: U.S. Pat. Appl. Publ. (2014), US 20140261518 A1 20140918

Applications Epoxyeicosatrienoic Acid (EET) has antihypertensive and anti-inflammatory properties and play a role in the maintenance of renal vascular function. N,​N'-​dicyclohexylurea (DCU) increased release of 14,15-EET when the cells were stimulated with a calcium ionophore.Also, it is derived from Arachidonic Acid >97% (A765000), which is an essential fatty acid and a precursor in the biosynthesis of prostaglandins, thromboxanes, and leukotrienes. Arachidonic Acid occurs in liver, brain, glandular organs, and depot fats of animals, in small amounts in human depot fats, and Arachidonic Acid is also a constituent of animal phosphatides.
References Zhao, X., et al.: J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., 15, 1244 (2004); Fang, X., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 276, 14867 (2001); Kurosawa, T., et al.: J. Cell. Physiol., 219, 606 (2009); Mazalli, M., et al.: J. Agric. Food Chem., 57, 5028 (2009);

Applications A sterol, similar to cholesterol and is a substrate for the sterol 27-hydroxylase enzyme in the bile salt synthetic pathway. The accumulation of this compound in urine can manifest as jaundice or, in more extreme cases, is a sign of Xanthomatosis.
References Honda, A., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 276, 34579 (2001), Krasowski, M., et al.: Mol. Endocrinol., 19, 1720 (2005), Mast, N., et al.: Biochem., 45, 4396 (2006),