Flavonoides e Polifenóis

<p>Applications Ferulic Acid 4-O-β-D-Glucuronide is a metabolite of Ferulic Acid (F308910) and Caffeic Acid (C080000). Ferulic Acid 4-O-β-D-Glucuronide is one of the circulating metabolites in human plasma after coffee consumption.<br>References Su, M. et al.: Zhong. Zian. Ying. Yao., 26, 501 (2009); Rondini, L. et al.: J. Agric. Food Chem., 52, 4338 (2004); Redeuil, K. et al.: J. Chrom. A, 1218, 4678 (2011);<br></p>

<p>Applications 8-Hydroxymethyl Riboflavin is an impurity of Riboflavin (R414995), a nutritional factor found in milk, eggs, malted barley, liver, kidney, heart, leafy vegetables. Richest natural source is yeast. Minute amounts present in all plant and animal cells. Vitamin (enzyme cofactor).<br>References Unna, K., et al.: J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 76, 75 (1942); Rivlin, et al.: N. Engl. J. Med., 283, 463 (1970); Al-Shammary, F.J., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 19, 429 (1990)<br></p>

<p>Applications A metabolite of the flavanoid Quercetin (Q509500) with antioxidant properties. It helps to protect H9c2 cardiomyoblasts against H2O2-induced oxidative stress via the modulation of PI3K/Akt and ERK1/2 signaling pathways.<br>References Duenas, M. et al.: Eur. Food Res. Technol., 232, 103 (2011); Ameho, C.K. et al.: J. Nutrit. Biochem., 19, 467 (2008); Angeloni, C. et al.: Biochimie, 89, 73 (2007);<br></p>

<p>Applications 2,4,5-Trichlorophenol is used as a broad range pesticide against insects, fungi, vegetation and bacteria. It has become a common environmental contaminant and probable human carcinogen.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Amer, S. et al.: Cytologia, 39, 633 (1974); Xu, X. wt l.: Occup. Environ. Med., 68, 557 (2011); Sinclair, C.J. et al.: Environ. Sci. Technol., 37, 4617 (2003);<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Tyrosol Glucuronide is a derivative of tyrosol (T947800), which is phenolic antioxidant.<br>References Perez-Trujillo, M., et al.: J. Agric. Food Chem., 58, 9129 (2010), Gregus, P., et al.: J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 53, 674 (2010),<br></p>

<p>Stability Light Sensitive<br>Applications Tetrahydro Curcumin is a major metabolite of Curcumin (C838500) that has been shown to have protective effects against diabetes and vascular dysfunction via alleviation of oxidative stress.<br>References Namareoung, S. et al.: Naun.-Schmied. Arch. Pharmacol.,383, 519 (2011); Kartileksan, K. et al.: J. Func. Foods, 2, 134 (2009);<br></p>

<p>Applications The aglucon of Naringin. Inhibitory mechanism of Naringenin against carcinogenic acrylamide formation and nonenzymic browning in Maillard model reactions.<br>References Lomovskaya, N., et al.: J. Bacteriol., 181, 305 (1999), Chung, L., et al.: J. Antibiot., 54, 250 (2001), Kim, D., et al.: Biochemistry, 43, 981 (2004), Kumar, S., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 280, 19569 (2005),<br></p>

<p>Stability Light Sensitive<br>Applications Exhibits specific inhibitory activity against tyrosine kinases,including autophosphorylation of epidermal growth factor receptor kinase (IC50 - 2.6uM). Also inhibits other protein kinases through competitive inhibition of ATP. Inhibits tumor cell proliferation and induces tumor cell differentiation. Produces cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis in Jurat T-leukemia cells. However, it prevents anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody-induced thymic apoptosis. Genistein also inhibits topoisomerase II activity in vitro. Genistein has also been shown to inhibit the action of GABA on recombinant GABAA receptors 2. uv(max)ethanol: 262.5 nm (e= 138). moderately sol. in hot alcohol<br>References Akiyama, T., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 262, 5592 (1987), O'Dell, T.J., et al.: Nature, 353, 588 (1991), Aharonovits, O., et al.: Biochim Biophys. Acta, 1112, 181 (1992), Platanias, L.C., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 267, 24053 (1992), Yoshida, H., et al.: Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1137, 321 (1992), Uckun, F.M., et al.: Science, 267, 886 (1995), Merck Index 12th ed. 4395, Huang, R.Q.; Fang, M.J.; Dillon, G.H., Mol. Brain Res. 67: 177-183 (1999)<br></p>

<p>Stability Light Sensitive, Temperature Sensitive<br>Applications A metabolite of cis Resveratrol.<br>References Schroder, H., et al.: Clin. Nutr., 20, 429 (2001), Yu, C., et al.: Pharm. Res., 19, 1907 (2002), Rimando, A., et al.: J. Agric. Food Chem., 52, 4713 (2004), Walle, T., et al.: Drug Metab. Dispos., 32, 1377 (2004), Ito, H., et al.: Br. J. Nutr., 94, 500 (2005),<br></p>

<p>Applications Pinocembrin is a flavanoid with antioxidant activity found in damiana, honey, and propolis. Recent studies show that Pinocembrin maybe be a therapeutic option in reducing cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury as a result of its anti-oxidative and anti-apoptotic effects. Pinocembrin displayed neuroprotective effects in glutamate injury model partly by inhibiting p53 expression causing a lower Bax-Bcl-2 ratio and by inhibiting the release of cytochrome c.<br>References Zhao, J. et al.: J. Ethnopharmacol., 120, 387 (2008); Liu, R. et al.: Brain Res., 1216, 104 (2008); Gao, M. et al.: Eur. J. Pharmacol., 591, 73 (2008);<br></p>

<p>Applications Thiochrome is a selective M4 muscarinic receptor enhancer of acetylcholine affinity.<br>References Mohsen, Z., et al.: Food and chemical toxicology, 49 (2011); Lazareno, S., et al.: Molecular pharmacology, 65 (2004);<br></p>

<p>Applications Naturally occurring flavonic glycoside; rhamnoglycoside of Diosmetin. Capillary protectant.<br>References Damon, M., et al.: Arzneim.-Forsch., 37, 1149 (1987), Laurent, R., et al.: Int. Angiol., 7, 39 (1988), Tajana, A., et al.: Minerva Med., 79, 387 (1988),<br></p>

<p>Applications Isoferulic Acid 3-O-β-D-Glucuronide is the glucuronide conjugate of Isoferulic Acid (H946180). Isoferulic Acid 3-O-β-D-Glucuronide is one of the circulating metabolites in human plasma after coffee consumption.<br>References Fumeaux, R. et al.: Org. Biomol. Chem., 8, 5199 (2010); Redeuil, K. et al.: J. Chrom. A, 1218, 4678 (2011);<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Glycyrrhizic Acid is a triterpene saponin used in the traditional Chinese medicinal preparation for its anti-inflammatory, antiulcerous and antiallergic effects.<br>References Marsh, L., et al.: Biochem. J., 63, 9 (1956), Kitagawa, et al.: Chem. Pharm. Bull., 36, 3710 (1988),<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Urolithin A Glucuronide is a conjugate of Urolithin A acknowledged with in vivo anti-inflammatory and cancer chemopreventive properties.<br>References Gonzalez-Sarrias, A., et al.: J. Agric. Food Chem., 61, 4352 (2013); Gonzalez-Sarrias, A., et al.: Eur. J. Nutr., 56, 831 (2017)<br></p>

<p>Stability Light Sensitive, Temperature Sensitive<br>Applications Xanthophyll is one of the most widespread carotenoid alcohols in nature. Originally isolated from egg yolk, also isolated by chromatography from nettles, algae, and petals of many yellow flowers.<br>References van het Hof, K., et al.: J. Nutr., 130, 503 (2000), Cooper, D., et al.: J. Nutr., 134, 221S (2004), Faulks, R., et al.: Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1740, 95 (2005), Rao, A., et al.: Pharmacol. Res., 55, 207 (2007), Tuberoso, C., et al.: Food Chem., 103, 149 (2007),<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygrscopic<br>Applications α-Hederin is a saponin of dry extracts from the leaves of Hedera helix L.Inhibitor of β2-adrenergic receptor-GFP fusion proteins. Potential cause for asphyxiation.<br>References Sieben A. et al.: Biochem., 21, 3477 (2009); Gaillard, Y. et al.: J. Anal Toxicol., 27, 257 (2003);<br></p>

<p>Applications trans-p-Coumaric Acid is the E-isomer of p-Coumaric Acid (C755365), a hydroxy derivative of Cinnamic Acid with antioxidant properties. p-Coumaric acid is a is a major component of lignocellulose. Studies suggest that p-Coumaric Acid may reduce the risk of cancer by reducing the formation of carcinogenic nitrosamines.<br>References Kikugawa, K. et al.: J. Agric. Food Chem., 1, 780 (1983); Ferguson, L.R. et al.: Mol. Nutrit. Food Res., 585 (2005); Chung, F.L. et al.: IARC Sci. Pub., 57, 797 (1984);<br></p>

<p>Applications Isoamyl 4-Methoxycinnamate is used in the highly protective sunscreen composition against the UVA/UVB.<br>References Cuderman, P., et al: Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 387, 1343 (2007), Zhao, X., et al.: Environ. Sci. Technol., 42, 1201 (2008), Dubrovski, P., et al.: Text Res. J., 79, 351 (2009),<br></p>

<p>Applications (E)-Neochlorogenic Acid is an antioxidant compound used in the treatment of oxidative stress and related afflictions.<br>References Wang, J. et al.: Molecules, 19, 21226 (2014); Jimenez-Zamora, A. et al.: LWT-Food Sci. Tech., 61, 12 (2015);<br></p>

<p>Applications Coumarin is a pharmaceutic aid (flavor) that is found in tonka beans, levender oil, woodruff, sweet clover.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Hazleton, L., et al.: J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 118, 348 (1956); Lake, B., et al.: Food Chem. Toxicol., 37, 423 (1999); Frerot, E., et al.: Flavour Fragrance J., 17, 218 (2002); Yang, Z., et al.: Food Chem., 114, 289 (2009);<br></p>