Fluorogenic Substrates

<p>6-Chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)umbelliferyl b-D-galactopyranoside is a chromogenic substrate for the enzyme β-galactosidase, which hydrolyzes the substrate to produce a fluorescent product. This fluorogenic substrate can be used in chemiluminescent detection of β-galactosidase activity as well as in immunochemical and immunohistochemical analysis of glycoproteins. 6-Chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)umbelliferyl b-D-galactopyranoside is also used for staining of glycoprotein substrates with periodic acid Schiff reagent or Alcian blue, and it can be used in the diagnosis of glycogen storage diseases.</p>

<p>4-Methylumbelliferyl 4,6-O-benzylidene-b-D-galactopyranoside is a fluorogenic substrate that is used in the detection of galactosidases. It has been shown to be a potent inhibitor of these enzymes and can be used to study the activity of various galactosidases. This substrate is used in the measurement of carbohydrate metabolism, including glycolysis and glycogenolysis. 4-Methylumbelliferyl 4,6-O-benzylidene-b-D-galactopyranoside has been shown to produce chemiluminescence when reacted with horseradish peroxidase and hydrogen peroxide. It also produces bioluminescence when exposed to luciferase and adenosine triphosphate (ATP).</p>

<p>Produces a fluorogenic signal in the presence of peroxidase</p>

<p>4-Methylumbelliferyl N,N',N'',N'''-tetraacetyl-beta-D-chitotetraoside is a fluorogenic substrate for chitinase. After enzymatic cleaveage, free 4-methylumbelliferone (also known as hymecromone) is released, exhibiting blue fluorescence upon excitation with UV light. The strongest fluorescence of 4-methylumbelliferone requires deprotonation of the hydroxyl group (thus requires alkaline pH), with a maximal fluorescence intensity obtained with excitation at 350 to 370 nm and emission at 440 to 470 nm. The use of 4-methylumbelliferyl N,N',N'',N'''-tetraacetyl-beta-D-chitotetraosideas a substrate for measuring the chitinase activity is used for fungal infection detection and Gaucher disease screening.</p>

<p>4-Methylumbelliferyl N-acetyl-4,7,8,9-tetra-O-acetyl-a-D-neuraminic acid methyl ester (4MU) is a chemiluminescence substrate. It is used in the detection of an enzyme involved in the synthesis of glycoproteins and glycolipids. The enzyme conjugates 4MU with a sugar molecule to form a fluorescent product. This product can be detected by its emission of light at 560 nm when illuminated with light at 450 nm.</p>

<p>L-Citrulline-p-nitroanilide hydrobromide is a substrate for enzymes such as beta-galactosidase, beta-glucuronidase, and alkaline phosphatase. It is used in biochemical assays for the detection of microorganisms and in medical diagnostics. This compound has been shown to be useful in fluorescence microscopy and bioluminescence. It also has applications in food testing, environmental testing, and high purity research.</p>

<p>4-Methylumbelliferyl 2,3,6-tri-O-benzoyl-b-D-galactopyranoside is a fluorogenic substrate that can be used in food testing. This compound is also a chromogenic substrate that can be used for environmental testing. This product is a ligand and chemiluminescent reagent that can be used in diagnostics. It is also an enzyme substrate that has high purity and high quality.</p>

<p>Fluorogenic substrate targeting esterase and lipase</p>

<p>Resorufin alpha-D-glucopyranoside is a sensitive fluorogenic substrate that generates a red fluorescent product (resorufin) upon interaction with alpha-glucosidase.</p>

<p>4-Methylumbelliferyl-beta-D-cellobioside heptaacetate is a fluorogenic substrate for beta-D-glucosidase and can be used to detect this enzyme in the presence of other glycosidases. It is also used as a chromogenic substrate for beta-galactosidase, alpha-mannosidase, alpha-fucosidase, and alpha-N-acetylgalactosaminidase. 4MMB Cellobiose Haptaacetate is a conjugate that can be used to measure the activity of beta-glucuronidase and beta-xylosidase. This product is suitable for use in diagnostics, ligands, food testing, environmental testing, and culture media.</p>

<p>N-(4,4-Difluoro-5,7-dimethyl-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene-3-dodecanoyl)sphingosyl 1bDgalactopyranoside is a fluorescent reagent. It has been used to detect the presence of boron in biological samples and as a substrate for enzymes. This product is also used in the diagnosis of tuberculosis and other bacterial infections. N-(4,4-Difluoro-5,7-dimethyl-4bora3a,4adiazasindacene 3dodecanoyl)sphingosyl 1bDgalactopyranoside is not intended for use in humans or animals and should be handled with care. This product is not available for sale in the state of California.</p>

<p>4-Methylumbelliferyl 2-acetamido-3,4,6-tri-O-acetyl-2-deoxy-b-D-galactopyranoside is a fluorescent marker that is used to measure the enzymatic activity of corynebacterium glutamicum. The enzyme catalyzes the conversion of 4-methylumbelliferyl glucopyranoside to 4-methylumbelliferone glucuronide. The production of 4 methylumbelliferone glucuronide can be quantified using fluorescence spectroscopy. This product can be used in research involving chronic inflammatory diseases and cancer.</p>

<p>3-Carboxyumbelliferyl b-D-galactoside BSA conjugate is a fluorogenic substrate that is used in chemiluminescent enzyme assays. The reaction of this compound with the enzyme β-galactosidase leads to an increase in the intensity of light emitted by the compound, which can be measured using a luminometer. This product is often used in diagnostics, such as food testing and environmental testing, as well as high quality research.</p>

<p>This Clips-O substrate 7-(4'-L-Alaninamido)-rac-(3'-octanoyloxy)butyloxy) coumarin allows the detection of three enzymatic activities (L-alanine aminopeptidase, C8-esterase and oxidation of 4-amino-3-hydroxybutyloxy either enzymatically or by exposure to sodium periodate) with one single substrate and give a positive fluorescent signal only in presence of all activities. The main virtues of Clips-O substrates are an increased stability towards non-enzymatic hydrolysis that results in a reduced background and high sensitivity.</p>

<p>5-Octanoylaminofluoroscein di-b-D-glactopyranoside is a chemiluminescent substrate that can be used for the detection of peroxidase activity. It is a bifunctional substrate, which means it has two reactive groups: one at the 5 position and one at the 8 position. The 5-octanoylaminofluorescein reacts with hydrogen peroxide in a 1:1 ratio, emitting light at 490 nm. The 8-position amine reacts with 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline)6 sulphonic acid (ABTS) to produce an orange color product that acts as a chromogen. The substrate can be used in diagnostics, food testing, and enzyme substrates.</p>

<p>4-Methylumbelliferyl acetate is a fluorescent compound that can be used to measure the activity of cytochrome P450 enzymes. The fluorescence intensity of 4-methylumbelliferyl acetate increases when it reacts with substrates and inhibitors in vitro. This chemical has been shown to inhibit the enzyme cyclooxygenase in rat liver microsomes, which may lead to blood disorders. It also inhibits coumarin derivatives and human pathogens, such as erythromycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). 4-Methylumbelliferyl acetate is used as a substrate for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis because it is not susceptible to hydrolysis by esterases.</p>

<p>4-Methylumbelliferyl 3,4,6-tri-O-acetyl-b-D-galactopyranoside is a fluorescent compound that can be used as a substrate for the following enzymes: β-galactosidase, α-galactosidase, and β-glucuronidase. This product is used in diagnostics to measure the activity of these enzymes. It can also be used to detect bacteria in culture media and food testing. 4MUF3,4,6TABG is a high quality product that has been shown to have a high purity level by liquid chromatography. CAS number: 61440-03-2</p>

<p>4-Methylumbelliferyl 2,3,4-tri-O-benzoyl-b-D-galactopyranoside-6-sulfate is a fluorogenic substrate for β-galactosidase and a chromogenic substrate for β-glucuronidase. It is used in food testing, environmental testing, and diagnostics.</p>

<p>Resorufin pentyl ether is a drug transporter that can be used as an experimental model for studying the effects of chemical pesticides on humans. Resorufin pentyl ether inhibits energy metabolism and inhibits hepatic p450 activity and polymerase chain reaction in hepatocyte-like cells in vitro. It has been shown to inhibit the enzyme activities of rat liver p450s and human cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) at physiological levels. Resorufin pentyl ether has also been shown to be toxic in mice, with toxicity studies showing an LD50 of 4.5 mg/kg after oral administration. This drug is not active against bacteria or fungi, but it is able to inhibit protein synthesis in model systems containing mouse monoclonal antibodies or calf thymus DNA.</p>

<p>Fluorogenic substrate used to differentiate cytochrome P450 monooxygenases</p>